4.1 From the lightcraft characteristics, calculations of the stability characteristics of the small craft for all load conditions can determine compliance to applicable stability criteria or provide mass properties information for other analyses or investigations. Accurate results from an air incline stability test may therefore determine future survival of the boat, the crew and compliment. If the small craft is not 100 % complete or there is fuel or other liquids in a tank that is supposed to be clean and dry then the person leading the stability test must determine the acceptability of all variances from the guide based on the ability to correct for these variances analytically. A complete understanding of the principles behind the stability test and knowledge of the factors that affect the results is therefore necessary.4.2 The results of the stability test typically supersede the corresponding values in the weight estimate for any subsequent use in ascertaining compliance to stability or weight control criteria and may be used in weight margin adjudication.1.1 This guide covers the determination of a small boat’s lightcraft characteristics. The air incline stability test can be considered two separate tasks; a deadweight survey and an air-inclining experiment. The stability test is recommended, but not required, for all small craft upon their construction completion or after major conversions, or both, where stability information is required. It is typically conducted indoors and an enclosed facility to protect the vessels from unprotected environmental conditions.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine whether or not the hydraulic cement under test meets the air-entraining or non-air-entraining requirements of the applicable hydraulic cement specification for which the test is being made. The air content of concrete is influenced by many factors other than the potential of the cement for air entrainment.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of hydraulic cement mortar under the conditions hereinafter specified.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 Values in SI shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.21.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is recommended for use primarily for non-occupational exposure monitoring in domiciles, public access buildings, and offices.5.2 The methods described in this practice have been successfully applied to measurement of pesticides and PCBs in outdoor air and for personal respiratory exposure monitoring.5.3 A broad spectrum of pesticides are commonly used in and around the house and for insect control in public and commercial buildings. Other semivolatile organic chemicals, such as PCBs, are also often present in indoor air, particularly in large office buildings. This practice promotes needed precision and bias in the determination of many of these airborne chemicals.1.1 This practice covers the sampling of air for a variety of common pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and provides guidance on the selection of appropriate analytical measurement methods. Other compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated naphthalenes may be efficiently collected from air by this practice, but guidance on their analytical determination is not covered by this practice.1.2 The sampling and analysis of PCBs in air can be more complicated than sampling PCBs in solid media (for example, soils, building materials) or liquids (for example, transformer fluids). PCBs in solid or liquid material are typically analyzed using Aroclor2 distillation groups in chromatograms. In contrast, recent research has shown that analysis of PCBs in air samples by GC-ECD has also been found to exhibit potential uncertainties due to changes in the PCB patterns, differences in responses in distillation groups, peak co-elutions and differences in response factors within a homolog group (1, 2).3 As such it is recommended that PCBs in air not be quantified using AroclorTM distillation groups. In addition, it is recommended that analysis of PCBs in air be done using GC-MS rather than GC-ECD. Any mention, to outdated practices for “Aroclor” and GC-ECD analysis of PCBs herein are retained solely for historical perspective.1.3 A complete listing of pesticides and other semivolatile organic chemicals for which this practice has been tested is shown in Table 1.1.4 This practice is based on the collection of chemicals from air onto polyurethane foam (PUF) or a combination of PUF and granular sorbent (for example, diphenyl oxide, styrene-divinylbenzene), or a granular sorbent alone.1.5 This practice is applicable to multicomponent atmospheres, 0.001 μg/m3 to 50 μg/m3 concentrations, and 4 h to 24 h sampling periods. The limit of detection will depend on the nature of the analyte and the length of the sampling period.1.6 The analytical method(s) recommended will depend on the specific chemical(s) sought, the concentration level, and the degree of specificity required.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.24 and A1.1.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform positive static air pressure differences, and simulates wind driven rain imposed on sidelaps and rain that is free to drain while building a water head as it flows. The slope of the roof is significant. These factors shall be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference.NOTE 1: In applying the results of tests by this method, note that the performance of a roof or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance also depends on the rigidity of supporting construction, roof slope, and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes: corrosive atmosphere, aging, ice, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, including large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.NOTE 2: This is a test procedure. It is the responsibility of the specifying agency to determine the specimen construction, size, and test pressures after considering the method’s guidelines. Practical considerations suggest that every combination of panel thickness, span, and design load need not be tested in order to substantiate product performance.NOTE 3: This test method shall not, by itself, be relied upon to form conclusions about overall water penetration through metal roofs. A roof contains many details. Although prescribed modifications are outside the scope of this test method, an experienced testing engineer is able to use the principles presented in this test method and generate significant data by isolating specific details and measuring leakage.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior metal roof panel systems to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face, that is, positive pressure. This test method is a specialized adaption of Test Method E331.1.2 This test method is applicable to any roof area and is intended to measure only the water penetration associated with the field of roof including panel side laps and structural connections. It does not include leakage at openings or perimeter or any other details.1.3 This test method is limited to specimens in which the side seams and attachments are clearly visible and in which the source of leakage is readily determined. Composite systems in which the source cannot be readily determined are outside the scope of this test method.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and flow measurement.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes excluding tables and figures, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method can be useful in understanding the response of low-sloped membrane roof assemblies to air pressure differences induced across the assembly.5.2 This test method can be useful in understanding the role of different roofing components in providing resistance to air leakage through the roof assembly.5.3 When applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a roof or its components, or both, depends on proper installation.5.4 This test method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for the consideration of air movement in the design of a roof assembly. Air intrusion in roofing systems is separate and distinct from air leakage in roofing systems. Test Method D7586/D7586M provides an air intrusion test method for mechanically attached roof assemblies. The results are intended to be used for comparison purposes and likely do not represent the field-installed performance of the roof assembly.1.1 This test method provides a laboratory technique for determining air leakage in low-sloped membrane roof assemblies under specified negative air pressure differences.1.2 This test method is intended to measure air leakage of a roof assembly with rooftop penetrations.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This safety specification provides safety labeling requirements for use of inflatable air mattresses (also known as “air beds,” collectively referred to herein as “product”).1.2 The intent of this safety specification is to reduce infant and child deaths and injuries caused by suffocation and entrapment on inflatable air mattresses.1.3 This safety specification covers all product sizes, including, but not limited to, full, queen, king, and twin sizes.1.4 This safety specification covers products intended for indoor and outdoor use, including camping and recreational uses.1.5 This safety specification does not cover products designed specifically for use in Durable Infant and Toddler Products (such as play yards, cribs, non-full-size cribs, etc.).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete

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5.1 The techniques of air monitoring are many and varied. This guide is intended to describe standard approaches that are used in designing an air monitoring program to protect waste management site workers.5.2 When entering a remedial action site to initiate an investigation or a cleanup operation, operating personnel may be faced with fire, explosion, and acute or chronic health hazards. A robust safety and health program, including site-specific injury and illness prevention program (IIPP) and a safety and health plan, must be in place to direct worker activity. Details for such plans can be found in the OSHA Interim Final Rule for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response and Refs (1, 2).8 Air monitoring is an integral part of such a program. This guide describes equipment and sampling procedures which can be used to evaluate the airborne hazard potential so as to gain and maintain a safe work environment at the site.5.3 Upon obtaining air quality measurements at the site, a decision must be made as to whether conditions are under control and safe or not. That decision will depend on the nature and concentrations of the contaminants (toxicity, reactivity, volatility, etc.), the spatial extent (area affected, number of workers, etc.) of the contaminants, and the level of worker protection available and needed. Since all such parameters are typically site specific, this guide does not include air quality measurement based guidance on decision making.5.4 This guide does not include monitoring sites containing radioactive materials, nor does it cover general safety aspects, such as access to emergency equipment or medical support for emergency needs. These items should be covered in a work place safety and health plan.5.5 Ideally, this guide is used in combination with Guide D4687.1.1 This guide is intended to provide a standardized approach for establishing and carrying out an air monitoring program to protect workers at waste management facilities. This guide may apply to routine operations at an active treatment, storage, or disposal site or the extraordinary conditions that can be encountered in opening and cleaning up a remedial action site.1.2 The user shall understand that it is impossible to predict all the issues that could arise at a waste management facility due to hazardous airborne emissions. Although air contaminant measurements obtained in accordance with this guide may indicate acceptable or tolerable levels of toxic agents are present, care and judgment must still be exercised before concluding that all atmospheric contaminants at the site are under control and that a reasonable safe work environment exists.

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This specification covers the manufacture of lighter-than-air light sport aircraft. This specification covers the minimum requirements for information that shall be provided by the manufacturer or seller of new lighter-than-air aircraft as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first end user. This information shall include, but not be limited to, the information plate attached to the aircraft, the placard notice, Aircraft Operating Instructions, the maintenance manual, and the manufacturers statement of compliance. The placard notice shall be posted in the aircraft passenger area so that it is visible to both the pilot and passenger upon entry or while seated in the aircraft. The purpose of this specification is to require provision of the minimum information necessary for the proper identification, maintenance, and operation of light sport aircraft.1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of lighter-than-air light sport aircraft.1.1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for information that shall be provided by the manufacturer or seller of new lighter-than-air aircraft as a part of the initial sale or transfer to the first end user.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Agitation of lubricating oil with air in equipment, such as bearings, couplings, gears, pumps, and oil return lines, may produce a dispersion of finely divided air bubbles in the oil. If the residence time in the reservoir is too short to allow the air bubbles to rise to the oil surface, a mixture of air and oil will circulate through the lubricating oil system. This may result in an inability to maintain oil pressure (particularly with centrifugal pumps), incomplete oil films in bearings and gears, and poor hydraulic system performance or failure.5.2 This test method measures the time for the entrained air content to fall to the relatively low value of 0.2 % volume under a standardized set of test conditions and hence permits the comparison of the ability of oils to separate entrained air under conditions where a separation time is available. The significance of this test method has not been fully established. However, entrained air can cause sponginess and lack of sensitivity of the control of turbine and hydraulic systems. This test may not be suitable for ranking oils in applications where residence times are short and gas contents are high.1.1 This test method covers the ability of turbine, hydraulic, and gear oils to separate entrained air.NOTE 1: This test method was developed for hydrocarbon based oils. It may be used for some synthetic fluids; however, the precision statement applies only to hydrocarbon based oils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the requirements for ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3 propanediol, and glycerin base heat transfer fluids (HTF) used in heating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. When concentrates are used at up to 65% concentration by weight in water, or when prediluted heat transfer fluids (30% by weight minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against freezing, and corrosion. The HTFs governed by this specification are categorized according to the primary base of freeze depressant used: I (ethylene glycol), II (propylene glycol), III (1,3-propanediol), and IV (glycerin).1.1 This specification covers the requirements for ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3 propanediol as well as glycerin base heat transfer fluids (HTF) used in heating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. When concentrates are used at up to 65 % concentration by weight in water, or when prediluted heat transfer fluids (30 % by weight minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against freezing, and corrosion.1.2 The fluids described in this specification are not appropriate for use in systems where internal combustion engines (gasoline, diesel, or CNG/LPG) are used.1.3 The heat transfer fluids governed by this specification are categorized as follows by the primary base of freeze depressant used:Heat TransferFluid Type DescriptionI   Ethylene glycolII   Propylene glycolIII   1,3-PropanediolIV   Glycerin1.4 Heat transfer fluids meeting this specification shall be tested and fully comply with requirements listed in Table 1.NOTE 1: This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of heat transfer fluids prepared from new or virgin ingredients. This specification shall also apply to heat transfer fluids prepared using materials generated from recycled or reprocessed ingredients, provided that these ingredients meet the requirements of Specifications E1177 and D7388 for Glycols and Specification D7640 for Glycerin.NOTE 2: This specification addresses concentrated inhibited glycols and glycerol that will be mixed with water for use in various climates and prediluted heat transfer fluids (HTF) that are factory-blended with purified water. A table of estimated freeze protection temperatures at appropriate dilutions is provided in Appendix X1.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample ages.4.2 This test method may be used for typical air dried paints where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the sample.4.3 Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.4.4 Samples containing organic solvents as the major volatile component have not been evaluated and are not expected to be compatible with this test method.1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of formaldehyde evolved from air-dry water reducible coatings utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds. The results may be used to define the “free” formaldehyde evolved from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method contains procedures using low-pressure air for testing the integrity of installed vitrified clay pipe lines such as gravity-flow sewer pipes. The procedures detailed here should be performed on lines after adequately and properly plugging and bracing connection laterals, if any, and after the trenches are backfilled for a sufficient time. This test method can also be used as a preliminary test to demonstrate the condition of the line prior to backfill and further construction activities.1.1 This test method defines procedures for testing vitrified clay pipe lines, using low-pressure air, to demonstrate the integrity of the installed line. Refer to Practice C12.1.2 This test method shall be performed on lines after connection laterals, if any, have been plugged and braced adequately to withstand the test pressure, and after the trenches have been backfilled for a sufficient time to generate a significant portion of the ultimate trench load on the pipe line. The time between completion of the backfill operation and low-pressure air testing shall be determined by the approving authority.1.3 This test method may also be used as a preliminary test, which enables the installer to demonstrate the condition of the line prior to backfill and further construction activities.1.4 This test method is suitable for testing gravity-flow sewer pipe constructed of vitrified clay or combinations of clay and other pipe materials.1.5 Terminology C896 is to be used for clarification of terminology in this test method.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification outlines the basic performance requirements and corresponding test methods for barrel blocking devices used in the sport of air soft. It covers air soft gun barrel blocking devices that may be inserted or otherwise function to prevent an airsoft projectile from leaving the muzzle or the confines of the barrel blocking device. The performance requirements and test methods are intended to provide a reasonable degree of safety in the normal use of barrel blocking devices in air soft guns. The specification describes the barrel blocking device retention test that must be performed to ensure that the barrel blocking device will remain in or over the barrel and prevent an air soft projectile from exiting the muzzle or the confines of the barrel blocking device. It also requires the inclusion of a user's manual outlining the proper installation and usage of the device.1.1 This specification covers air soft gun barrel blocking devices that may be inserted or otherwise function to prevent an airsoft projectile from leaving the muzzle or the confines of the barrel blocking device.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is recommended for use in measuring the concentration of VOCs in ambient, indoor, and workplace atmospheres. It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers for material emission testing or human exposure assessment.5.2 Such measurements in ambient air are of importance because of the known role of VOCs as ozone precursors, and in some cases (for example, benzene), as toxic pollutants in their own right.5.3 Such measurements in indoor air are of importance because of the association of VOCs with air quality problems in indoor environments, particularly in relation to sick building syndrome and emissions from building materials. Many volatile organic compounds have the potential to contribute to air quality problems in indoor environments and in some cases toxic VOCs may be present at such elevated concentrations in home or workplace atmospheres as to prompt serious concerns over human exposure and adverse health effects (5).5.4 Such measurements in workplace air are of importance because of the known toxic effects of many such compounds.NOTE 1: While workplace air monitoring has traditionally been carried out using disposable sorbent tubes, typically packed with charcoal and extracted using chemical desorption (solvent extraction) prior to GC analysis – for example following NIOSH and OSHA reference methods – routine thermal desorption (TD) technology was originally developed specifically for this application area. TD overcomes the inherent analyte dilution limitation of solvent extraction improving method detection limits by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude and making methods easier to automate. Relevant international standard methods include ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2. For a detailed history of the development of analytical thermal desorption and a comparison with solvent extraction methods see Ref (6).5.5 In order to protect the environment as a whole and human health in particular, it is often necessary to take measurements of air quality and assess them in relation to mandatory requirements.5.6 The choices of sorbents, sampling method, and analytical methodology affect the efficiency of sorption, recovery, and quantification of individual VOCs. This practice is potentially effective for any GC-compatible vapor-phase organic compound found in air, over a wide range of volatilities and concentration levels. However, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the sampling, recovery, analysis, and overall quality control of each measurement are within acceptable limits for each specific VOC of interest. Guidance for this evaluation is part of the scope of this practice.1.1 This practice is intended to assist in the selection of sorbents and procedures for the sampling and analysis of ambient (1),2 indoor (2), and workplace (3, 4) atmospheres for a variety of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers or for human exposure assessment.1.2 This practice is based on the sorption of VOCs from air onto selected sorbents or combinations of sorbents. Sampled air is either drawn through a tube containing one or a series of sorbents (pumped sampling) or allowed to diffuse, under controlled conditions, onto the sorbent surface at the sampling end of the tube (diffusive or passive sampling). The sorbed VOCs are subsequently recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.1.3 This practice applies to three basic types of samplers that are compatible with thermal desorption: (1) pumped sorbent tubes containing one or more sorbents; (2) axial passive (diffusive) samplers (typically of the same physical dimensions as standard pumped sorbent tubes and containing only one sorbent); and (3) radial passive (diffusive) samplers.1.4 This practice recommends a number of sorbents that can be packed in sorbent tubes for use in the sampling of vapor-phase organic chemicals; including volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds which, generally speaking, boil in the range 0 °C to 400 °C (v.p. 15 kPa to 0.01 kPa at 25 °C).1.5 This practice can be used for the measurement of airborne vapors of these organic compounds over a wide concentration range.1.5.1 With pumped sampling, this practice can be used for the speciated measurement of airborne vapors of VOCs in a concentration range of approximately 0.1 μg/m3 to 1 g/m3, for individual organic compounds in 1 L to 10 L air samples. Quantitative measurements are possible when using validated procedures with appropriate quality control measures.1.5.2 With axial diffusive sampling, this practice is valid for the speciated measurement of airborne vapors of volatile organic compounds in a concentration range of approximately 100 µg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 for individual organic compounds for an exposure time of 8 h or 1 µg/m3 to 1 mg/m3 for individual organic compounds for an exposure time of four weeks.1.5.3 With radial diffusive sampling, this practice is valid for the measurement of airborne vapors of volatile organic compounds in a concentration range of approximately 5 µg/m3 to 5 mg/m3 for individual organic compounds for exposure times of one to six hours.1.5.4 The upper limit of the useful range is almost always set by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector, or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used.1.5.5 The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of analyte or interfering artifacts (or both) on the sorbent tubes.1.6 This procedure can be used for personal and fixed location sampling. It cannot be used to measure instantaneous or short-term fluctuations in concentration. Alternative ‘grab sampling’ procedures using canister air samplers (for example, Test Method D5466) may be suitable for monitoring instantaneous or short term fluctuations in air concentration. Alternatives for on-site measurement include, but are not limited to, gas chromatography, real-time mass spectrometry detectors and infrared spectrometry.1.7 The sampling method gives a time-weighted average result.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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