5.1 Manufacturers of carpet need to monitor emissions of VOCs to assess the environmental impact of their products indoors. These results are also used to demonstrate compliance with VOC emission limits for individual VOCs.5.2 These data are also used to understand which VOCs are emitted from a product or material and to measure the magnitude of those emissions.5.3 Emission data may be used to compare different lots of carpet of the same materials of construction, or carpets composed of different materials of construction, in order to develop products with lower emissions and lower potential environmental impact.5.4 This test method should be used in conjunction with practices/guidelines for emissions testing such as Guide D5116, Practice D7143, Practice D7706, ISO 16000-9, and ISO 16000-10. These detail how to select and prepare samples and how and when to carry out emissions tests such that the concentration and profile of vapors in the exhaust air of the emission chamber/cell are representative of the product under test. This test method covers the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in the exhaust gas from the chamber/cell using thermal desorption—compatible sorbent tubes and will provide the necessary analytical consistency to ensure that reproducible data is obtained for the analysis of identical vapor samples by different laboratories.1.1 This test method describes an analytical procedure for identifying and quantifying the masses of individual volatile organic compounds (individual VOCs or IVOCs) that are emitted into a flow of air from carpet specimens and collected on sorbent sampling tubes during emissions testing.1.2 This test method will be used in conjunction with a standard practice for sampling and preparing carpet specimens for emissions testing. If a specific chamber practice is not available for the carpet specimens, this test method should be used in conjunction with approved standard practices for emissions testing and sample preparation.1.3 When used in conjunction with standard practices for carpet specimen preparation and collection of vapor-phase emissions , this test method will provide a standardized means of determining the levels of IVOC in the exhaust stream of the emissions test chamber/cell. If this test method is used with a reliable practice for emissions testing, these IVOC levels can be used to determine the emission rate from a unit quantity (usually surface area) of the sample material under test.1.4 VOCs in the exhaust stream of an emissions test device are collected on thermal desorption tubes packed with a specific combination of sorbents using active (pumped) sampling. (See Practice D6196 for a more general description of vapor collection using pumped sampling onto sorbent tubes.) The samples are analyzed by thermal desorption (TD) with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS) and/or flame ionization detection (FID) depending upon the requirements of the specific materials emissions testing/certification protocol.1.5 This test method can be used for the measurement of most GC-compatible organic vapors ranging from the approximate volatility from n-hexane to n-hexadecane (that is, compounds with vapor pressures ranging from 16 kPa to 4 × 10-4 kPa at 25°C). Properties other than a compound’s vapor pressure such as affinity for the sorbent may need to be taken into account. Compounds with vapor pressures outside this range may or may not be quantifiable by this test method. However, qualitative data concerning the identity of a compound(s), outside the stated volatility range for quantitation, may still be useful to the user. This test method can be applied to analytes over a wide concentration range—typically 1 μg/m3 to 1 mg/m3 concentration of vapor in the exhaust air from the emission cell or chamber.1.6 This test method is not capable of quantifying all compounds which are emitted from carpets. See the appropriate test practices/methods for determining other compounds that are not amenable to analysis by gas chromatography (that is, Test Method D5197 for the determination of aldehydes).1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The test method results are suitable for use by manufacturers of colorants and bases for quality control purposes on manufactured product.5.2 The test method results are suitable for use by purchasers of colorants and bases for incoming quality control or the determination of money value of colorants and bases.1.1 This test method covers the determination of strength of colorant dispersions, colored and white bases, for architectural, marine, maintenance, commercial, and industrial coatings.1.2 This test method applies to colorant dispersions and colored and white bases regardless of the methods used to disperse these materials.1.3 The resultant test value is in terms of percent strength in which a material stronger than standard is implied by values larger than 100 % and weaker than standard is implied by values less than 100 %. The value of 100 % implies exact strength conformance to the test method.1.4 This test method is suitable for the determination of strength when tolerances are set about standards that are prepared either by weight concentration or volume concentration.1.5 The test result is empirically determined. The user determines and supplies the standard for strength of the product under test and the test result is relative to that supplied standard.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 A nano-object at any specific time can be considered well-defined.5.2 The life-cycle of a nano-object can be viewed as a series of production processes that transforms starting materials or a well-defined nano-object into a new, equally well-defined nano-object.5.3 Each step of the life-cycle can be considered a separate production action and can be described by the information categories and descriptors within this guide.5.4 The following are examples of nano-object productions that can be described by this guide.5.4.1 The creation of carbon nanotubes by arc discharge.5.4.2 The coating of a nano-object in a random or controlled manner when placed in a liquid.NOTE 1: The reactivity of nano-objects makes it likely that even with the utmost precautions, various features and characteristics may change over time, for example, when a nano-object is placed in a liquid and coated. Such a coating can significantly change the properties, functionalities, and reactivity of the nano-object. This change can be considered one step of a life-cycle and is a production process.NOTE 2: A nano-object may have more than one coating. For example, titania nano-objects are often coated by alumina by manufacturers to control certain properties. When these previously coated nano-objects are placed in liquid containing biological molecules, they can acquire a second coating. It can require very careful administration of test procedures to ensure the test results can meaningfully be ascribed to characteristics and features of the “initial” nano-objects.5.4.3 A nano-object experiences changes to its size, shape, physical structure, and other characteristics.NOTE 3: Events such as shock (unexpected forces), temperature and pressure changes, humidity changes, shipping, dissolution, and exposure to acids and bases can result in a changed nano-object with significantly different properties, functionalities, and reactivity. These events can be considered a production process.5.4.4 Unless care is taken to carefully control potential changes to a nano-object before testing, measurement results should be carefully examined for unintended changes through good laboratory practices, statistical analysis of all data, and verification that test samples maintain their integrity throughout the testing process.5.5 A nano-object can be subjected to a series or sequence of production steps. The steps can be fully planned and controlled or some steps can happen due to random events. This guide is applicable to describe one, many, or all steps in detail.NOTE 4: For example, the testing of a nano-object for potential toxic effects may involve a sequence of steps as shown in Table 1. As can be seen, steps such as storage, insertion into biological media, or sampling can possibly involve random changes to the resulting nano-object.5.6 Use of this guide to describe the individual production steps leading to the creation of a tested nano-object can be important in ascertaining the cause-effect relationship between a test result and a nano-object that was made in one of the sequence production steps prior to creation of the tested nano-object.5.7 The reactivity of individual and collections of nano-objects gives rise to questions about their stability under “non-reactive” conditions such as movement, temperature changes, exposure to heat, and shock. These occurrences are frequent enough in the life cycle of nano-objects that additional information categories and descriptors should be used as detailed in 6.2.5.8 ISO TC 229 has produced ISO/TS 80004-1:2010(en) that defines terminology applicable to nanomanufacturing.5.9 Information on quality control with respect to the production process or production results is covered by ASTM and ISO quality control guides.1.1 This guide provides guidelines for describing the production of one or more individual nano-objects. It establishes essential and desirable information categories and descriptors important to specify the production process, including the starting materials, the process itself, and the resulting nano-objects.1.2 This guide is designed to be directly applicable to reporting production information and data for nano-objects in most circumstances, including but not limited to reporting original research results in the archival literature, developing of ontologies, database schemas, data repositories and data reporting formats, specifying regulations, and enabling commercial activity.1.3 This guide is applicable to an individual nano-object and a collection of nano-objects.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The degree of deacetylation of chitosan salts is an important characterization parameter since the charge density of the chitosan molecule is responsible for potential biological and functional effects.4.2 The degree of deacetylation (% DDA) of water-soluble chitosan salts can be determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Several workers have reported on the NMR determination of chemical composition and sequential arrangement of monomer units in chitin and chitosan. The test method described is primarily based on the work of Vårum et al. (1991),5 which represents the first publication on routine determination of chemical composition in chitosans by solution state 1H NMR spectroscopy. This test method is applicable for determining the % DDA of chitosan chloride and chitosan glutamate salts. It is a simple, rapid, and suitable method for routine use. Quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy reports directly on the relative concentration of chemically distinct protons in the sample, consequently, no assumptions, calibration curves or calculations other than determination of relative signal intensity ratios are necessary.4.3 In order to obtain well-resolved NMR spectra, depolymerization of chitosans to a number average degree of polymerization (DPn) of ~15 to 30 is required. This reduces the viscosity and increases the mobility of the molecules. Although there are several options for depolymerization of chitosans, the most convenient procedure is that of nitrous acid degradation in deuterated water. The reaction is selective, stoichiometric with respect to GlcN, rapid, and easily controlled (Allan & Peyron, 1995).6 The reaction selectively cleaves after a GlcN-residue, transforming it into 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose (chitose), consequently, depletion of GlcN after depolymerization is expected. On the other hand, the chitose unit displays characteristic 1H NMR signals the intensity of which may be estimated and utilized in the calculation of % DDA, eliminating the need for correction factors. Using the intensity of the chitose signals, the number average degree of polymerization can easily be calculated as a control of the depolymerization.4.4 Samples are equilibrated and analyzed at a temperature of 90 ± 1°C. Elevated sample temperature contributes to reducing sample viscosity and repositions the proton signal of residual water to an area outside that of interest. While samples are not stored at 90°C but only analyzed at this elevated temperature, the NMR tubes should be sealed with a stopper to avoid any evaporation. At a sample pH* of 3.8-4.3 (see 6.1.5 below), artifactual deacetylation of the sample does not occur during the short equilibration and analysis time.4.5 A general description of NMR can be found in <761> of the USP 35-NF30.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of deacetylation in chitosan and chitosan salts intended for use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications as well as in Tissue Engineered Medical Products (TEMPs) by high-resolution proton NMR (1H NMR). A guide for the characterization of chitosan salts has been published as Guide F2103.1.2 The test method is applicable for determining the degree of deacetylation (% DDA) of chitosan chloride and chitosan glutamate salts and is valid for % DDA values from 50 up to and including 99. It is simple, rapid, and suitable for routine use. Knowledge of the degree of deacetylation is important for an understanding of the functionality of chitosan salts in TEMP formulations and applications. This test method will assist end users in choosing the correct chitosan for their particular application. Chitosan salts may have utility in drug delivery applications, as scaffold or matrix material, and in cell and tissue encapsulation applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification provides design and construction details for Panama Canal pilot platforms placed aboard the vessel. Platforms shall conform to the requirements of the Panama Canal Commission and Title 35 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The platforms shall be welded-aluminum construction. Decking shall be serrated-aluminum grating. Canopy shall be of vinyl-nylon construction with sewn seams and metallic grommets. Finally, canopy tie-downs shall be of a specified nylon line thickness.1.1 This specification covers design and construction details for pilot platforms.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This document gives requirements, guidelines and recommendations for using additive manufacturing (AM) in product design.1.2 It is applicable during the design of all types of products, devices, systems, components or parts that are fabricated by any type of AM system. This document helps determine which design considerations can be utilized in a design project or to take advantage of the capabilities of an AM process.1.3 General guidance and identification of issues are supported, but specific design solutions and process-specific or material-specific data are not supported.1.4 The intended audience comprises three types of users:1.4.1 designers who are designing products to be fabricated in an AM system and their managers;1.4.2 students who are learning mechanical design and computer-aided design; and1.4.3 developers of AM design guidelines and design guidance systems.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 487元 / 折扣价： 414 元 加购物车

5.1 Uranium hexafluoride used to produce nuclear fuel must meet certain criteria for its isotopic composition as described in Specifications C787 and C996.1.1 This method applies to the determination of isotopic composition in hydrolyzed nuclear grade uranium hexafluoride. It covers isotopic abundance of  235U between 0.1 and 5.0 % mass fraction, abundance of  234U between 0.0055 and 0.05 % mass fraction, and abundance of   236U between 0.0003 and 0.5 % mass fraction. This test method may be applicable to other isotopic abundance providing that corresponding standards are available.1.2 This test method can apply to uranyl nitrate solutions. This can be achieved either by transforming the uranyl nitrate solution to a uranyl fluoride solution prior to the deposition on the filaments or directly by depositing the uranyl nitrate solution on the filaments. In the latter case, a calibration with uranyl nitrate standards must be performed.1.3 This test method can also apply to other nuclear grade matrices (for example, uranium oxides) by providing a chemical transformation to uranyl fluoride or uranyl nitrate solution.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide provides symbols and a system for their use by which care instructions for textile products can be conveyed in a simple, space-saving, and easily understood pictorial format that is not language dependent. See also ADJD5489-E-PDF. Currently, the FTC Care Labeling Rule recognizes Guide D5489-96c.4.2 Care symbols are an important means for identifying the appropriate care procedure for home laundering, commercial laundering, professional textile care, and coin-operated drycleaning, of textile products.4.3 Care labeling using symbols can be used by the purchaser to select textiles on the basis of the care method required without knowledge of the language. The FTC Care Labeling Rule specifies Guide D5489-96c symbols. Additional changes in words and symbols have been added to this guide which are not covered by 16 CFR 423. In the United States, when care symbols only are to be included in a care label, the FTC requires that the Guide D5489-96c version of symbols must be used. However, the symbols, as included in this standard version (Guide D5489-18), may be used if symbols are used in addition to full care instructions written in English wording.4.4 In countries in which a word-based care labeling system is required, the care symbol system may be used as a supplemental system.4.5 The word-based instructions for each symbol in this guide are harmonious with Terminology D123, and Terminology D3136, the United States Federal Trade Commission Care Labeling Rule, 16 CFR 423, and industry practice (see Figs. 1 and 2).FIG. 1 Commercial and Home Laundering and Professional Textile Care SymbolsNOTE 1: This figure illustrates the symbols to use for laundering and drycleaning instructions. As a minimum, laundering instructions shall include, in order, four symbols: washing, bleaching, drying, and ironing; and, professional textile care instructions shall include one symbol. Additional symbols or words may be used to clarify the instructions.FIG. 2 Guide to Order of ASTM Care Symbols4.6 The care label symbol system is based on five basic care symbols representing five operations: washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, and professional textile care.4.7 One color is used for all care symbols in this care labeling system.NOTE 1: While this symbol system uses one color, it is harmonious with tri-color systems such as the Canadian system because the instructions are clear whether printed in one or three colors.4.8 This guide does not specify the type of label material or fabric to use. However, appropriateness for consumer comfort is recommended.1.1 This guide provides a uniform system of symbols for the disclosure of care instructions on textile products such as apparel, piece goods, and household and institutional articles, hereinafter referred to as “textile,” or “textile product.”1.2 This guide provides a comprehensive system of symbols to represent care instructions reducing language-dependent care instructions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This guide identifies common processes to safely decommission and dispose of medical equipment. The objective is to identify common challenges unique to medical equipment to help ensure that the identification, authorization for disposition, and proper sanitization of the equipment is completed prior to disposal teams getting involved in the process.5.2 This guide provides information to consider when choosing disposal options in order to effectively manage the entity’s assets.1.1 This standard guide addresses decommissioning and disposal of medical equipment.1.2 Decommissioning and disposal of medical equipment is done when equipment is no longer needed due to obsolescence, is inoperable, or has met a scheduled replacement milestone. Decommissioning is the first physical process in the disposition process and includes proper identification, authorization for disposition, and sanitization of the equipment, as well as removal of Patient Health Information (PHI) or software, or both. Disposal method is dependent upon many factors that will be described in this standard guide.1.3 This guide does not include detailed disposal method procedures or sales requirements or restrictions specific to any regulatory body or the various levels of government in which an entity may operate. This guide also provides practices that are common to many operations and provides flexibility to best integrate external requirements.1.4 While this standard describes common safety and environmental considerations associated with the decommissioning and disposal of medical equipment, it does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the entity using this standard to establish and apply appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

9.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide extruded PVC profile strip suitable for the field fabrication of spirally wound liner pipe for the rehabilitation of existing pipelines and conduits conveying sewage, process flow, and storm water under gravity flowconditions.NOTE 3: Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant code authority since chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140°F (60°C) may be encountered.AbstractThis specification covers the requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, stiffness factor, extrusion quality, and test procedures for extruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for machine-made field fabrication of spirally wound pipe liners in the rehabilitation of a variety of existing pipelines and conduits including sanitary sewers, storm water sewers, process flow piping, and non-circular pipelines (such as arched or oval shapes and rectangular shapes) under gravity flow conditions. Certification, packaging, and product marking for quality assurance are also considered.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, stiffness factor, extrusion quality, and a form of marking for extruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for machine made field fabrication of spirally wound pipe liners in the rehabilitation of a variety of gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping in diameters of 6 to 180 in. and for similar sizes of non-circular pipelines such as arched or oval shapes and rectangular shapes.1.2 Profile strip produced to this specification is for use in field fabrication of spirally wound liner pipes in nonpressure sewer and conduit rehabilitation, where the spirally wound liner pipe is expanded until it presses against the interior surface of the existing sewer or conduit, or, alternatively, where the spirally wound liner pipe is inserted as a fixed diameter into the existing sewer or conduit and the annular space between the liner pipe and the existing sewer or conduit is grouted.1.3 This specification includes extruded profile strips made only from materials specified in 5.1.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars in cut lengths with a head attached to one or both ends for reinforcing concrete structures. This standard applies only to headed bars with welded, threaded or forged heads. Material, manufacturing and testing requirements for the reinforcing bars shall be in accordance with other ASTM documents listed herein.1.1 This specification covers deformed steel reinforcing bars in cut lengths, with a head attached to one or both ends, for concrete reinforcement. Heads are forge-formed, machined from bar stock, or cut from plate. Attachment can be accomplished through:1.1.1 Welding;1.1.2 Integrally hot forging of a head from the reinforcing bar end;1.1.3 Internal threads in the head mating to threads on the bar end;1.1.4 Cold-swaging an externally threaded coupling sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;1.1.5 Cold-extruding an external coupling sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;1.1.6 Cold-swaging an external coupling sleeve or headed sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;1.1.7 Attaching a coupling sleeve to the end of the reinforcing bar by means of the means of a ferrous-filler medium; or1.1.8 Separate threaded nut to secure the head to the bar.NOTE 1: The requirements of this specification are only applicable to headed bars where the attachment of the head is accomplished by one of the methods listed in 1.1.1.2 Limitations on head dimensions and on obstructions and interruptions of bar deformations on the non-planar features on the bearing face of the head are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.3).1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units as Specification A970 or SI units as Specification A970M.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. This test method is intended to be used with ceramics whose strength is 50 MPa (~7 ksi) or greater.4.2 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. The average grain size should be no greater than one-fiftieth of the beam thickness. The homogeneity and isotropy assumption in the standard rule out the use of this test for continuous fiber-reinforced ceramics.4.3 Flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the loading rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen sizes and fixtures were chosen to provide a balance between practical configurations and resulting errors, as discussed in MIL-STD-1942(MR) and Refs (1, 2).4 Specific fixture and specimen configurations were designated in order to permit ready comparison of data without the need for Weibull-size scaling.4.4 The flexural strength of a ceramic material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this standard, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in MIL-STD-1942(MR) and Refs (2-5) and Practices C1322 and C1239.4.5 The three-point test configuration exposes only a very small portion of the specimen to the maximum stress. Therefore, three-point flexural strengths are likely to be much greater than four-point flexural strengths. Three-point flexure has some advantages. It uses simpler test fixtures, it is easier to adapt to high temperature and fracture toughness testing, and it is sometimes helpful in Weibull statistical studies. However, four-point flexure is preferred and recommended for most characterization purposes.4.6 This method determines the flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions. The flexural strength under ambient conditions may or may not necessarily be the inert flexural strength.NOTE 7: time dependent effects may be minimized through the use of inert testing atmosphere such as dry nitrogen gas, oil, or vacuum. Alternatively, testing rates faster than specified in this standard may be used. Oxide ceramics, glasses, and ceramics containing boundary phase glass are susceptible to slow crack growth even at room temperature. Water, either in the form of liquid or as humidity in air, can have a significant effect, even at the rates specified in this standard. On the other hand, many ceramics such as boron carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, and many silicon nitrides have no sensitivity to slow crack growth at room temperature and the flexural strength in laboratory ambient conditions is the inert flexural strength.1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexural strength of advanced ceramic materials at ambient temperature. Four-point-1/4-point and three-point loadings with prescribed spans are the standard as shown in Fig. 1. Rectangular specimens of prescribed cross-section sizes are used with specified features in prescribed specimen-fixture combinations. Test specimens may be 3 by 4 by 45 to 50 mm in size that are tested on 40-mm outer span four-point or three-point fixtures. Alternatively, test specimens and fixture spans half or twice these sizes may be used. The method permits testing of machined or as-fired test specimens. Several options for machining preparation are included: application matched machining, customary procedure, or a specified standard procedure. This method describes the apparatus, specimen requirements, test procedure, calculations, and reporting requirements. The test method is applicable to monolithic or particulate- or whisker-reinforced ceramics. It may also be used for glasses. It is not applicable to continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

7.1 This specification covers several classifications of sealants as described in Section 4 for various applications. It should be recognized by the purchaser or design professional that not all sealants meeting this specification are suitable for all applications and all substrates. It is essential, therefore, that the applicable type, grade, class, and use be specified so that the proper classification of sealant is provided for the intended use. Test methods relate to special standard specimen substrates of mortar, glass, and aluminum. If tests are required using substrates in addition to or other than the standard, they should be so specified for testing.AbstractThis specification covers the properties of a cured single- or multicomponent cold-applied elastomeric joint sealant for sealing, caulking, or glazing operations on buildings, plazas, and decks for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of construction other than highway and airfield pavements and bridges. A sealant qualifying under this specification shall be classified as to type, grade, class and use as follows: type S - a single-component sealant, type M - a multicomponent sealant, grade P - a pourable or selfleveling sealant, grade NS - a nonsag or gunnable sealant, class 100/50, class 50, class 35, class 25, class 12.5, use T, use NT, use I, use M, use G, use A, and use O. A single-component sealant shall be a uniform mixture of a consistency suitable for immediate application by hand or pressure caulking gun or by hand tool. A multicomponent chemically curing sealant shall be furnished in two or more components. A single-component and multicomponent sealant, when stored in the original unopened container at temperatures of not more than 27°C (80°F) shall be capable of meeting the requirements for at least 6 months after date of delivery. Grade P (pourable or selfleveling) sealant shall have the required flow characteristics, it shall exhibit a smooth, level surface. Grade NS or gunnable sealant shall have the required flow characteristics such that when tested in vertical displacement. Type S, grade P, and grade NS sealant shall not be less than the given extrusion rate when tested. Type M and grade P sealant, when tested shall be not less than the given extrudable rate 3 h after mixing. Use T (traffic) sealant shall have a hardness reading, after being properly cured, of not less than 25 or more than 50 when tested. Use NT (nontraffic) sealant shall have a hardness reading, after being properly cured, of not less than 15 or more than 50 when tested. The sealant shall not lose more than 7 % of its original weight or show any cracking or chalking when tested. There shall be no transfer of the sealant to the polyethylene film when tested at 72 h. The sealant shall not cause any visible stain on the top surface of a white cement mortar base when tested. The adhesion and cohesion after cyclic movement shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The adhesion-in-peel test shall be performed to meet the requirements precribed. The adhesion-in-peel after ultraviolet exposure through glass shall be determined to meet the requirements prescribed. The accelerated weathering effects, and sealants exposed to continuous immersion shall be determined to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This ASTM specification covers the properties of a cured single- or multicomponent cold-applied elastomeric joint sealant for sealing, caulking, or glazing operations on buildings, plazas, and decks for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of construction other than highway and airfield pavements and bridges.1.2 A sealant meeting the requirements of this specification shall be designated by the manufacturer to be one or more of the types, classes, grades, and uses defined in Section 7.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard is similar, but not identical, to ISO 11600 and ISO 11618.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes requirements for copper-beryllium alloy seamless tube in straight lengths. The material of manufacture shall be Copper Alloy UNS C17200, cast and worked into tubular form that shall have heat traceable identity. The product shall be manufactured by a combination of hot and cold working, annealing, or precipitation heat treatment, or both, as to produce a uniform wrought structure in the finished product, to meet the temper specified (TB00 (A), TD04 (H), TF00 (AT), or TH04 (HT)). The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for beryllium, copper, aluminum, silicon, and additive elements such as nickel, cobalt, and iron, as determined by chemical analysis. The alloy shall also conform to the specified physical property requirements such as microstructure and grain size, and to the prescribed dimensional and mass requirements. The material shall meet the requirements specified for mechanical properties before and after precipitation heat treatment, such as Rockwell hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Requirements for tension test and other tests to be used to determine the properties mentioned including sampling and specimen preparation are detailed.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for copper-beryllium alloy seamless tube in straight lengths. Copper Alloy UNS C17200 will be the alloy furnished whenever Specification B643 is specified.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used when the determination of 238Pu isotopic abundance is required for plutonium samples. 1.1 This test method covers the use of alpha spectrometry for determining the 238Pu isotopic abundance in plutonium samples. It is particularly useful for samples in which the 238Pu content is less than 1 % of the total plutonium content. For such samples, mass spectrometric results are vulnerable to bias because of potential interference from any 238U isobar remaining after ion exchange. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车