定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 The magnitude of the changes in the electrical properties of the silicone fluid is of importance in determining the contamination of the fluid by the test specimen.3.2 Physical and chemical changes in the fluid, such as color and acidity, also indicate solubility or other adverse effects of the test specimen on the fluid.3.3 Physical changes of the test specimen, such as hardness, swelling, and discoloration, show the effect of the fluid on the test specimen and are used to determine the suitability of the material for use in silicone fluid.3.4 A material meeting the criteria recommended does not necessarily indicate suitability for use in electrical equipment. Other properties must also be considered. Additionally, certain materials containing additives may meet the requirements of these test methods yet be unsatisfactory when subjected to longer-term evaluations.3.5 These test methods may be used as a guide for testing the compatibility of materials for silicone fluids other than 50 cSt poly-dimethyl siloxane fluid, but different criteria for judgment may be necessary.1.1 These test methods cover screening for the compatibility of construction materials with silicone fluid for use in electrical equipment.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The copper oxides layer present on the surface of the copper rod has a detrimental effect on both final surface quality of the copper wire produced by cold drawing of the rod, and on the drawing process itself leading to wire breaks and excessive wear of the drawing dies. Thus, it is critical to use adequate cleaning techniques during the copper rod manufacturing process in order to limit the depth of the residual copper oxide layer on the finished rod, and it is necessary to have a method to accurately measure the copper oxide depth.5.2 This test method is the most common test method used by continuous casting and rolling mills to measure the depth of residual surface oxides after the copper rod has been cleaned.5.3 Applicability of the test method for any other purpose or product has not been evaluated. Suitability beyond the stated scope shall be evaluated before use.1.1 This specification established a quantitative, laboratory conducted, electrolytic reduction method to determine the thickness of surface copper oxide films on copper rod produced to Specification B49 for further fabrication into electrical conductors.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

AbstractThe specification covers heat resistant aluminum-zirconium alloy round wire for electrical purposes. There is a family of aluminum-zirconium alloys that are used for heat resistance, which differ by zirconium content, tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and maximum use temperature. The aluminum wire shall be made from drawing stock. The materials shall conform to the required mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation. Heat resistance, electrical resistivity, and diameter of the wire shall be measured. The density of aluminum-zirconium alloy shall be taken for the purpose of calculating mass, cross-section, and so forth. Wire shall be supplied in one continuous lengths of reel. coil, or spool. Joints may be made in the drawing stock or wire prior to final drawing by electrical-butt welding, cold-pressure welding, or by electric-butt, cold-upset welding.1.1 This specification covers heat resistant aluminum-zirconium alloy round wire for electrical purposes. There is a family of aluminum-zirconium alloys that are used for heat-resistance (that is, resist annealing), which differ by zirconium content, tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and maximum use temperature. This standard covers one currently commercially applicable alloy from this family.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method is useful to both sellers and purchasers of alumina and quartz powders for determining particle size distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, and development and research.1.1 This test method, one of several found valuable for the measurement of particle size, covers the determination of the particle size distribution of alumina or quartz powders (0.6 to 56.0 μm) using electrical sensing zone particle size analyzers. These instruments use an electric current path of small dimensions which is modulated by individual particle passage through an aperture, and produces individual pulses of amplitude proportional to the particle volume.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants that if released can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose.4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both.4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks.1.1 This practice is a performance-based standard for an electrical method for locating leaks in exposed geomembranes. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.6).1.2 This practice can be used for geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, canals, and other containment facilities. It is applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous geomembrane, and any other sufficiently electrically insulating materials. This practice is best applicable for locating geomembrane leaks where the proper preparations have been made during the construction of the facility.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification applies to the electrical systems aspects of airworthiness and design for ”small” aircraft. It establishes the Aircraft Type Code (ATC) compliance matrix based on airworthiness level, number of engines, type of engine(s), stall speed, cruise speed, meteorological conditions, altitude, and maneuvers. An ATC is defined by taking into account both the technical considerations regarding the design of the aircraft and the airworthiness level established based upon risk-based criteria. The requirements established by this specification cover power source capacity and distribution, electrical systems and equipment, storage battery design and installation, circuit protective devices, master switch arrangement, switches, electrical cables and equipment, electrical system fire protection, and electronic equipment.1.1 This specification covers electrical systems, electrical equipment, and electrical power distribution aspects of airworthiness and design for aeroplanes with combustion engine generation of electrical power. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category Aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval shall seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable civil aviation authorities (CAAs)) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm). Annex A1 maps the Means of Compliance described in this specification to EASA CS-23, amendment 5, or later, and FAA 14 CFR Part 23, amendment 64, or later.1.3 Units—This standard may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Excess moisture trapped in roofing or waterproofing systems can adversely affect performance and lead to premature failure of roofing or waterproofing systems and its components. It also reduces thermal resistance, resulting in reduced energy efficiency and inflated energy costs. Impedance scans can be effective in identifying concealed and entrapped moisture within roofing or waterproofing systems.5.2 This practice is intended to be used at various stages of the roofing and waterproofing system’s life such as: during or at completion of installation of roofing or waterproofing system to determine if there was moisture intrusion into the roofing or waterproofing system or underlying materials; at regular intervals as part of a preventative maintenance program; and to aid in condition assessment, or before replacement or repair work, or combinations thereof, to assist in determining the extent of work and replacement materials.5.3 This practice alone does not determine the cause of moisture infiltration into roofing or waterproofing systems; however, it can be used to help tracing excess moisture to the point of ingress.1.1 This practice applies to techniques that use nondestructive electrical impedance (EI) scanners to locate moisture and evaluate the comparative moisture content within insulated low-slope roofing and waterproofing systems.1.2 This practice is applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems wherein insulation is placed above the deck and positioned underneath and in contact with electrically nonconductive single-ply or built-up roofing and waterproofing membranes and systems such as coal tar, asphalt, modified bitumen, thermoplastics, spray polyurethane foam, and similar electrically nonconductive membrane materials. This practice is also applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems without insulation placed above moisture absorbing decks such as wood, concrete, or gypsum, that are in contact with single-ply or built-up roofing and waterproofing membranes as described above.1.3 This practice is applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems incorporating electrically nonconductive rigid board insulation made from materials such as organic fibers, perlite, cork, fiberglass, wood-fiber, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, phenolic foam, composite boards, gypsum substrate boards, and other electrically nonconductive roofing and waterproofing systems such as spray-applied polyurethane foam.1.4 This practice is not appropriate for all combinations of materials used in roofing and waterproofing systems.1.4.1 Metal and other electrically conductive surface coverings and near-surface embedded metallic components are not suitable for surveying with impedance scanners because of the electrical conductivity of these materials.1.4.2 This practice is not appropriate for use with black EPDM, any membranes containing black EPDM, or black EPDM coatings because black EPDM gives false positive readings.1.4.3 Aluminum foil on top-faced insulation, roofing, or waterproofing membranes gives a false positive reading and is not suitable for surveying with impedance scanners; however, liquid-applied aluminum pigmented emulsified asphalt-based coatings shall not normally affect impedance scanner readings.1.4.3.1 This practice is not appropriate for use with aluminium foil faced modified bitumen membranes, as the electrical conductivity of the aluminium foil surface can give false positive readings.1.4.4 While their overburden remains in place, this practice is not appropriate for use with inverted roof membrane assemblies (IRMAs) or protected roof assemblies (PRMAs), which contain above the deck waterproof membrane and overburden that may include insulation, drainage components, pavers, aggregate, ballast, vegetation, or combinations thereof, because the impedance scanner will not differentiate between above and below the membrane moisture.1.4.5 See A1.4 for some cautionary notes on roofing anomalies and limitations that affect the impedance test practice.1.5 Moisture scanners using impedance-based technology are classified as EI scanners.NOTE 1: The term capacitance is sometimes used when describing impedance scanners. Capacitance scanners are purely capacitive as they do not have a resistive component. Impedance scanners combine both capacitance and resistance for testing; thus, they are well suited to the measurement of different types of materials and constructions found in roofing and waterproofing systems as the combination of both components allows for a more versatile testing, calibration, and measurement arrangement.1.6 This practice also addresses necessary verification of impedance data involving invasive test procedures using core samples.1.7 This practice addresses two generally accepted scanning techniques for conducting moisture surveys using electrical impedance scanners:1.7.1 Technique A—Continuous systematic scanning and recording (see 8.2), and1.7.2 Technique B—Grid format scanning and recording (see 8.3).1.8 This practice addresses some meteorological conditions and limitations for performing impedance inspections.1.9 This practice addresses the effect of the roofing or waterproofing construction, material differences, and exterior surface conditions on the moisture inspections.1.10 This practice addresses operating procedures, operator qualifications, operating methods, scanning, surveying, and recording techniques.1.11 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Caution should be taken when accessing, walking, or using scanning equipment on the roofing or waterproofing surfaces, or elevated locations, when using ladders, and when raising and lowering equipment to elevated locations.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

9.1 Proprietary methods for manufacture of these materials vary significantly among suppliers and these methods influence such properties as arc erosion, contact resistance, and the tendency to weld in service. Since the performance of contacts in a device depends on numerous factors outside the contact itself (opening speed, closing speed, contact pressure, contact bounce, environmental variations, assembly technique and variations, etc.), this specification cannot ensure performance control in the application. As part of the qualification on initial samples, it is recommended that the user functionally test the materials electrically for all devices applicable to the material's use. This specification provides a means for the contact manufacturer and contact user to reach agreement on the details of material to be supplied for a specific use and reasonable assurance that future lots will be similar in properties and microstructure to the initial test or sample contact supplied.AbstractThis specification covers electrical contact components made from silver-nickel by powder metallurgical procedures. This covers compositions within the silver-nickel system normally specified by users of electrical contacts. Chemical analysis shall be performed to evaluate material conformance to specified composition requirements. A representative sample of chips may be obtained by milling, drilling, or crushing with dry tools, (without lubrication). In order to obtain free chips, the parts selected for testing shall have the oil extracted, if necessary. Physical tests including microstructure shall be performed on a representative number of specimens.1.1 This specification covers electrical contact components made from silver nickel by powder metallurgical procedures.1.2 This specification covers compositions within the silver-nickel system normally specified by users of electrical contacts.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide end-product manufacturers and other users with technical information and methods recommended towards the achievement of successful application of crimped wire terminals.4.2 For any given use, there is generally a choice of terminal types available, employing different mechanical design, materials, and installation tooling. Although terminals available to choose from may be similarly rated, typically according to wire sizes and combinations, their electrical contact performance in the end product may vary substantially. For many applications, the end-product reliability and user safety is substantially influenced by the choice of terminal and the quality of the completed termination. This guidance document contains specialized information on selection, assembly, and quality control of crimped wire terminals, covering aspects considered to be necessary to achieve reliable long-term operation in the intended application. This information is not generally found in commercial literature or textbooks. The methods discussed utilize connection resistance as the primary measure of termination quality, and change of connection resistance with time as the measure of termination deterioration. The methods are based on a foundation of modern electrical contact theory and practice.1.1 This guide contains practices for specifying and evaluating the electrical contact performance of crimped-type terminations with solid or stranded conductors.1.2 This guide provides information relevant to the electrical contact performance of a crimped wire termination. It does not cover other aspects of selection and use of crimped terminals.1.3 The methods discussed in this guide apply only to the wire termination, which is the electrical contact interface between the conductor(s) and the terminal. Other aspects important to terminal evaluation, such as the properties and performance of electrical insulation, the effectiveness of strain relief features, and the quality of contact between the terminal and other electrical circuit elements, are not included.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the requirements for sheets and strips of various thicknesses produced from copper (Copper UNS No. C1000), copper-iron alloy (Copper Alloy UNS No. C19400), copper-zinc alloy that is commercial bronze (Copper Alloy UNS No. C22000), copper-zinc alloy that is red brass (Copper Alloy UNS No. C23000), copper-zinc-iron-cobalt alloy (Copper Alloy UNS No. C66400), copper-zinc-iron alloy (Copper Alloy UNS No. C66410), copper-zinc-iron-tin alloy (Copper Alloy UNS No. C66430), cupro-20% nickel (Copper Alloy UNS No. C71000), copper-clad bronze, copper-clad stainless steel, and copper-clad alloy steel. These materials are intended for use as electrostatic or electromagnetic shielding for insulated power, control, instrumentation, and communication cables. Cladding metals may be bonded to the specified base metal by any method that will produce products that will conform to the properties and characteristics prescribed herein. Materials shall be furnished specific to individual metals in the following tempers: H00 (cold-rolled, 1/8 hard), H01 (cold-rolled, ¼ hard), H02 (cold-rolled, ½ hard); O61 (annealed), O81 (annealed, ¼ hard), O50 (light annealed), O61 (annealed, soft), OS035, and OS015. Specimens shall be sampled and prepared, then tested accordingly to examine their conformance to dimensional (mass, thickness, width, straightness, and cladding ratio), mechanical (tensile strength, and Rockwell hardness), electrical (mass resistivity, and conductivity), chemical composition, and grain size requirements.1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for copper, copper alloy, copper-clad bronze (CCB), copper-clad stainless steel (CCS), and copper-clad alloy steel (CAS) materials, sheet, and strip, in various thicknesses, for use as electrostatic or electromagnetic shielding for insulated power, control, instrumentation, and communication cables.NOTE 1: See Specification B736, for related standards for aluminum-based shielding materials.1.2 The products covered are the following:Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. Type of Products C11000   copperC19400   copper-iron alloyC22000   copper-zinc alloy (commercial bronze)C23000   copper-zinc alloy (red brass)C66400   copper-zinc-iron-cobalt alloyC66410   copper-zinc-iron alloyC66430   copper-zinc-iron-tin alloyC71000   cupro-nickel 20 %...   copper-clad bronze (CCB)...   copper-clad stainless steel (CCS)...   copper-clad alloy steel (CAS)1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3.1 The only exception is grain size, which is reported in SI (mm) units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车