5.1 The magnitude of the hydroperoxide number is an indication of the quantity of oxidizing constituents present. Deterioration of the fuels results in the formation of hydroperoxides and other oxygen-carrying compounds. The hydroperoxide number measures those compounds that will oxidize potassium iodide.5.2 The determination of the hydroperoxide number of aviation turbine fuels, gasoline and diesel is significant because of the adverse effect of hydroperoxide upon certain elastomers in the fuel systems.5.3 The determination of hydroperoxide number of gasoline is significant because hydroperoxides have been demonstrated to decrease both Research and Motor Octane Numbers. In addition, hydroperoxides have adverse effects on certain fuel system components.5.4 The determination of hydroperoxide number of diesel fuel is significant because hydroperoxides have been demonstrated to increase the Cetane Number. In addition, hydroperoxides have adverse effects on certain fuel system components.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydroperoxide content expressed as hydroperoxide number of aviation turbine, gasoline and diesel fuels.1.2 The range of hydroperoxide number included in the precision statement is 0 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg active oxygen as hydroperoxide.1.3 The interlaboratory study to establish the precision of this test method consisted of spark-ignition engine fuels (regular, premium and California Cleaner-Burning gasoline), aviation gasoline, jet fuel, ultra low sulfur diesel, and biodiesel. However, biodiesel was not included in the precision calculation because of the large differences in results within labs and between labs.1.4 This test method detects hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide and cumene hydroperoxide. It does not detect sterically-hindered hydroperoxides such as dicumyl and di-t-butyl hydroperoxides1.5 Di-alkyl hydroperoxides added commercially to diesel fuels are not detected by this test method.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3, 7.6, 9.2, and Annex A1.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of aviation turbine fuels is a factor that can affect their density, elastomer compatibility, system durability and exhaust emissions. The aromatic hydrocarbon content and the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon such as naphthalene content of aviation turbine fuels affect their combustion characteristics and smoke-forming tendencies. These properties are controlled by maximum aromatics and naphthalene content specifications for refined aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D1655) and by both minimum and maximum aromatic content, and maximum naphthalene content, for semi synthetic aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D7566).5.2 The Federal Aviation Administration regulates the aromatic content of aviation fuels, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of aviation fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the concentration of total aromatics, and total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in aviation turbine fuels and other kerosenes by supercritical fluid chromatography within the working range as listed below:Prop. (mass %) Method Working RangeA Valid Test Result RangeBPolyArom 0.3017 to 3.443 0.144 to 3.893Tot Arom 0.2863 to 24.6256 0.004 to 25.3751.2 This test method may also be used for the analyses of jet fuels, such as Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosenes (SPK) that contain not less than 0.29 % total aromatics by Test Method D2425.1.3 This test method includes correlations to test methods Test Method D1319 for total aromatics and to Test Method D1840 for total naphthalenes content.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 When applied to aviation gasoline, water reaction volume change using the technique reveals the presence of water-soluble components such as alcohols. When applied to aviation turbine fuels, water reaction interface rating using the technique is not reliable in revealing the presence of surfactants which disarm filter-separators quickly and allow free water and particulates to pass; but can reveal the presence of other types of contaminants. Other tests, such as Test Method D3948, are capable of detecting surfactants in aviation fuels.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the presence of water-miscible components in aviation gasoline and turbine fuels, and the effect of these components on volume change and on the fuel-water interface.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard involves the use of hazardous chemicals identified in Section 7. Before using this standard, refer to suppliers' safety labels, Material Safety Data Sheets and other technical literature.

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The freezing point of an aviation fuel is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Solid hydrocarbon crystals can restrict the flow of fuel in the fuel system of the aircraft. The temperature of the fuel in the aircraft tank normally decreases during flight depending on aircraft speed, altitude, and flight duration. The freezing point of the fuel must always be lower than the minimum operational fuel temperature.Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the freezing point.This test method expresses results with a resolution of 0.1°C.This test method provides results that have been found to be equivalent to the results from Test Method D 2386 on identical samples. When the specification requires the use of Test Method D 2386, do not substitute this test method or any other method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation turbine fuels.Note 1—This test method describes an alternative procedure and automated apparatus which mimics the apparatus and procedure described in Test Method D 2386.1.2 The measuring range of the apparatus is from 0 to -70°C. The precision statements were derived from samples with freezing point temperatures from -45 to -65°C.Note 2—Typical aviation fuel has freezing point temperatures in the -40 to -65°C range. Samples with higher freezing points were not available for the current interlaboratory program.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.

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