3.1 Granular refractory materials may be either refractory grain raw materials that are used in the manufacture of finished refractory products, or bulk granular refractory materials that are sold, with or without some degree of processing, to refractory consumers for various uses. In either case, characterizing the properties of a granular refractory material is essential in evaluating its quality or consistency of quality and in determining suitability for end use. One of the important properties is bulk density because of its relationship to end product quality, usage, and performance.3.2 The refractories producer can use this test method as one of the quality control tests for his manufactured or mined refractory grain raw materials or for evaluating potential refractory grain raw materials.3.3 For the refractories consumer, the principal use of this test method is in the evaluation of the quality or the consistency of quality of the granular material in purchased refractory mixes or in bulk granular refractory materials used by the consumer.3.4 This is a primary test method, and thus is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements and as a base for development of more rapid, secondary test methods for use in quality control on manufactured refractory raw materials.3.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are that the sample is representative of the material in general, the particle size of the sample is within the range specified by the test method, the material is not readily hydratable, and the size and quantity of pores in the material permits removal of surface water without drainage from the pores themselves. Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the test results.3.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specific gravity of the material as well as the porosity affects the value obtained for bulk density. Thus, comparisons of results should only be made between like materials or with full recognition of inherent differences between the materials being compared.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the bulk density of granular refractory materials, commercial products which usually have particles that are retained on a 0.265 in. (6.7 mm) or coarser sieve.NOTE 1: This test method is not suitable for materials that hydrate in boiling water.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—In Sections 4, 7, and 8, the apparatus used is only available in SI units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The corrosion observed on steel and other materials under thermal insulation is of great concern for many industries including chemical processing, petroleum refining and electric power generation. In most cases, insulation is utilized on piping and vessels to maintain the temperatures of the operating systems for process stabilization and energy conservation. However, these situations can also provide the prerequisites for the occurrence of general or localized corrosion, or both, and in stainless steels, stress corrosion cracking. For example, combined with elevated temperatures, CUI can sometimes result in aqueous corrosion rates for steel that are greater than those found in conventional immersion tests conducted in either open or closed systems (see Fig. 1).3 This figure shows actual CUI data determined in the field compared with the corrosion data from fully immersed corrosion coupons tests.FIG. 1 Comparison of Actual Plant CUI Corrosion Rates Measurements (Open Data Points Shown is for Plant CUI) with Laboratory Corrosion Data Obtained in Open and Closed SystemsNOTE 1: The actual CUI corrosion rates can be in excess of the those obtain in conventional laboratory immersion exposures.5.2 This guide provides a technical basis for laboratory simulation of many of the manifestations of CUI. This is an area where there has been a need for better simulation techniques, but until recently, has eluded many investigators. Much of the available experimental data is based on field and in-plant measurements of remaining wall thickness. Laboratory studies have generally been limited to simple immersion tests for the corrosivity of leachants from thermal insulation on corrosion coupons using techniques similar to those given in Guide G31. The field and inplant tests give an indication of corrosion after the fact and can not be easily utilized for experimental purposes. The use of coupons in laboratory immersion tests can give a general indication of corrosion tendencies. However, in some cases, these procedures are useful in ranking insulative materials in terms of their tendencies to leach corrosive species. However, this immersion technique does not always present an accurate representation of the actual CUI tendencies experienced in the service due to differences in exposure geometry, temperature, cyclic temperatures, or wet/dry conditions in the plant and field environments.5.3 One of the special aspects of the apparatus and methodologies contained herein are their capabilities to accommodate several aspects critical to successful simulation of the CUI exposure condition. These are: (1) an idealized annular geometry between piping and surrounding thermal insulation, (2) internal heating to produce a hot-wall surface on which CUI can be quantified, (3) introduction of ionic solutions into the annular cavity between the piping and thermal insulation, (4) control of the temperature to produce either isothermal or cyclic temperature conditions, and (5) control of the delivery of the control or solution to produce wet or wet-dry conditions. Other simpler methods can be used to run corrosion evaluations on specimens immersed in various solutions and leachants from thermal insulation. In some cases, these procedures may be acceptable for evaluation of the contribution of various factors on corrosion. However, they do not provide accommodation of the above mentioned factors that may be needed for CUI simulation.5.4 With the CUI-Cell, the pipe material, insulation and environment can be selected for the desired simulation needed. Therefore, no single standard exposure condition can be defined. The guide is designed to assist in the laboratory simulation of (1) the influence of different insulation materials on CUI that, in some cases, may contain materials or additives, or both, that can accelerate corrosion, (2) the effect of applied or otherwise incorporated inhibitors or protective coatings on reducing the extent and severity of CUI. This guide provides information on CUI in a relatively short time (approximately 72 h) as well as providing a means of assessing variation of corrosion rate with time and environmental conditions.1.1 This guide covers the simulation of corrosion under insulation (CUI), including both general and localized attack, on insulated specimens cut from pipe sections exposed to a corrosive environment usually at elevated temperature. It describes a CUI exposure apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a CUI-Cell), preparation of specimens, simulation procedures for isothermal or cyclic temperature, or both, and wet/dry conditions, which are parameters that need to be monitored during the simulation and the classification of simulation type.1.2 The application of this guide is broad and can incorporate a range of materials, environments and conditions that are beyond the scope of a single test method. The apparatus and procedures contained herein are principally directed at establishing acceptable procedures for CUI simulation for the purposes of evaluating the corrosivity of CUI environments on carbon and low alloy pipe steels, and may possibly be applicable to other materials as well. However, the same or similar procedures can also be utilized for the evaluation of (1) CUI on other metals or alloys, (2) anti-corrosive treatments on metal surfaces, and (3) the potential contribution of thermal insulation and its constituents on CUI. The only requirements are that they can be machined, formed or incorporated into the CUI-Cell pipe configuration as described herein.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure. The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose. Types used to identify the principal polymer component of the sheet include: type I - ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, and type II - butyl. The sheet shall be formulated from the appropriate polymers and other compounding ingredients. The thickness, tensile strength, elongation, tensile set, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and linear dimensional change shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water absorption, factory seam strength, water vapour permeance, hardness durometer, resistance to soil burial, resistance to heat aging, and resistance to puncture shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers unreinforced vulcanized rubber sheets made from ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) or butyl (IIR), intended for use in preventing water under hydrostatic pressure from entering a structure.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize these sheets are specific for each classification and are minimum values to make the product fit for its intended purpose.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers a thermoplastic jacketing compound substantially consisting of pigmented polyethylene for use in electrical wires and cables with specified nominal thicknesses and operating at specified voltages. Since the jacket material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable, tests shall then be done on jacketed wires and cables solely to determine the relevant property of the jacket material and not to test the jacketed conductor or completed cable. Materials shall be suitably sampled and tested, and shall conform accordingly to the following physical and electrical properties: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation at rupture after air oven aging; absorption coefficient; heat distortion; environmental stress-cracking; surface resistivity; and U-bend discharge.1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic jacketing compound for 2 to 35 kV wire and cable, of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) nominal thickness, consisting substantially of pigmented polyethylene.1.2 In many instances the jacket material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests done on jacketed wire and cable in this specification are solely to determine the relevant property of the jacket material and not to test the jacketed conductor or completed cable.1.3 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers asbestos containing coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. Coal tar roof cement shall consist of a processed coal tar base, volatile solvents, and mineral fillers including asbestos fibers, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency. The composition of coal tar roof cement shall conform to the requirements prescribed for water content, nonvolatile matter content, and insoluble matter content. Coal tar roof cement shall meet the performance requirements specified for: (1) uniformity, (2) workability, (3) behavior at the specified temperature, (4) adhesion to wet surfaces, and (5) flash point. Conformance to the composition and performance requirements shall be determined by the specified test methods.1.1 This specification covers coal tar roof cement suitable for trowel application in coal tar roofing and flashing systems. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The procedures in this standard can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of coated and laminated fabrics for architectural use since these test methods have been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Caution is advised, however, when testing adhesion of coating to fabric and breaking strength after crease fold because between laboratory precision is known to be poor (see 24.2). For these cases, comparative tests conducted, as directed in 5.1.1, may be advisable.5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Methods D4851 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration of the known bias.5.2 The uses and significance of specific properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of coated and laminated fabrics made primarily for use in fabric roof systems. These coated and laminated fabrics are generally in either an air supported or tension supported construction of fabric roof systems.1.2 These methods can be used for most fiber-based, coated and laminated architectural fabrics.1.3 This standard includes the following sections that provide test procedures for coated and laminated architectural fabrics:  SectionFabric Count  8Mass per Unit Area  9Fabric Thickness 10Fabric Width 11Fabric Length 12Fabric Bow 13Adhesion of Coating to Fabric 14Uniaxial Elongation Under Static Load 15Fabric Breaking Force 16Breaking Strength After Crease Fold 17Elongation at Break 18Fabric Trapezoid Tear Force 19Resistance to Accelerated Weathering 20Solar Optical Properties 21Fabric Flame Resistance 22Noise Reduction Coefficient 231.4 These test methods include only testing procedures and do not include specifications or tolerances. They are intended as a guide for specifications. Any of these methods may be used in material specifications to evaluate requirements for a specific end use as related to a particular job.1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 14.1, A1.3.3.1, A2.3.3.1, and A3.3.3.1.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers multiple tank, automatic rack less conveyor type, commercial dishwashing machines. These machines can be classified into two types: Type 1 machines shall be designed and supplied to accept the feeding of soiled tableware from the right side, when facing the front of the machine while Type II shall be designed and supplied to accept the feeding of soiled tableware from the left side, when facing the front of the machine. The dishwashing machines have three kinds of styles: Style 1 is a steam heated machine, with two classes namely Class A which uses injectors and Class B which uses heat exchange coils. Style 2 is an electrically heated dishwashing machine. Style 3 on the other hand is gas heated with two classes namely Class C which uses natural gas and Class D which uses LP gas. In addition, these dishwashing machines can be classified into three groups according to size and capacity: Group A, Group B, and Group C. Materials used in the manufacture of these machines shall consist of corrosion-resistant steel, corrosion resisting material, nickel-copper alloy and plastics. The dishwashing machine shall be complete so that when connected to the specified source of power, water supply, heating means (steam, electric, or gas), drainage, detergent, and rinse agent feeder as applicable, the unit can be used for its intended function. Dishwashers shall be rigid, quiet in operation, free from objectionable vibration, and so constructed as to prevent objectionable splashing of water to the outside of the machine. Operational test, leakage test, and performance profiles shall be done in order to determine the overall efficiency of the dishwashing machine.1.1 This specification covers multiple tank, automatic rackless conveyor type, commercial dishwashing machines.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Access to the exterior and interior of structures is often required as part of maintenance or inspection work. Depending on the characteristics of the structure and site constraints, access can often be achieved using a number of methods other than industrial rope access, including ladders, stationary or removable suspended scaffolding, mechanical self-propelled aerial lifts, and other suitable means. There are instances where use of such means of access is not feasible or economical.4.2 This standard provides guidance on the use of rope access as an alternative to other methods of access.1.1 This practice provides a framework of practical and technical information within which the specifying authority and the operators using rope access techniques can develop effective arrangements to help ensure the safety and health of personnel involved in these projects.1.2 This practice applies to the use of techniques whereby access is gained to structures, man-made or natural, by means of ropes suspended from the structure. It applies to all cases where ropes are used as the primary means of support and where persons descend or ascend a rope, or traverse along a tensioned horizontal or inclined rope.1.3 This practice applies to all industrial uses of rope access techniques except use by the fire department and other emergency services for rescue work and training in connection therewith. Fire and rescue authorities have special procedures applicable to their circumstances. This standard does not apply to other methods of working at heights, such as suspended scaffolds.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers the specifications, safety requirements, performance, design, practices, marking instructions and test methods for multi-story building external evacuation platform rescue systems (PRS) for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the normal means of egress to a safe area and for vertical transport of emergency responders. This specification is applicable only to PRSs that are permanently installed, designed for multi-cycle and repetitive use, and where descent is controlled to limit speed before arrival at a floor or landing zone. Conversely, this specification does not cover platform devices that are used primarily for purposes other than emergency evacuation and/or access, helicopters or other flying platforms, a PRS utilizing platforms that can be transported to or between buildings during operations, and a PRS using driving methods other than positive drive as drum and ropes.1.1 This specification covers the specifications, safety requirements, performance, design, practices, marking instructions and test methods for Multi-Story Building External Evacuation Platform Rescue Systems (PRS) for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the normal means of egress to a safe area and for transport of emergency responders vertically.1.2 This specification is applicable only to PRSs:1.2.1 Permanently installed;1.2.2 Designed for multi-cycle and repetitive use; and1.2.3 Where descent is controlled to limit speed before arrival at a floor or landing zone.1.3 This specification does not cover:1.3.1 Platform devices that are used primarily for purposes other than emergency evacuation or access, or both;1.3.2 Helicopters or other flying platforms;1.3.3 Any other devices covered under/within ASME A17.1;1.3.4 A PRS utilizing platform(s) that can be transported to or between buildings during operations; and1.3.5 A PRS using driving methods other than positive drive as drum and ropes.1.4 Operation of a PRS is limited to trained and authorized operators.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5.1 Exception—In 5.2.1 and 5.2.2, inch-pound units are provided in parentheses after the SI units for information only.1.6 Table of Contents:   Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Building Interface Requirements and Installation 4Environmental Conditions 5Fire and Smoke Protection 6Material Requirements 7Structural, Mechanical and Stability Calculations 8Mechanical and Physical Properties 9Buffers and Guides 10Suspension Wire Rope and Wire Rope Connections 11Hoisting Machines and Pulleys 12Means to Prevent Falling of the Platform(s) 13Electrical Power Requirements 14Operation, Control and Communication 15Accompanying Documents 16Markings, Warnings and Operating Instructions 17Verification of Safety Requirements 18Quality Assurance 19Maintenance 20Keywords 21Type Tests Annex A1Tests and Verifications Before First Use Annex A2Periodic Verifications Annex A3PRS Utilization Procedures Annex A4Rationale Statement Appendix X11.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车