4.1 Pressure-sensitive film tapes are supplied in roll form. For such a tape to be useful a strip of the tape must be easily dispensed or severed from the roll by means of a cutter found on most dispensers. This test method is a means of measuring the ease of this severing or dispensing of the tape.4.2 This test method provides information that can be used in material specifications for product design and quality assurance applications. It can be used in comparing different tape products on specific dispensing blades.4.3 This test method may be suited for office and stationery and tapes with acetate, cellophane, or light-duty plastic backings. Some tapes may be shown to be difficult to dispense under these conditions yet are readily dispensable with other dispensing systems.NOTE 1: Backings described in CID A-A-113 are typical backings.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force and elongation required to dispense pressure-sensitive film tape on a 1-in. core intended for office and stationery applications from a desk-top dispenser.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractThese practices cover a data system comprising procedures for the identification of individual chemical substances using infrared absorption spectroscopy and band indexes of spectral data. Although this data system is in use world wide as the largest publicly available data base, it does not represent the optimum way to generate a new data base with the most modern computerized equipment. In addition, the use of these practices requires encoded data and appropriate data handling equipment. The index data, which are available on magnetic tape, include codes for spectral data of chemical substances, chemical-structure classification, empirical formula, melting or boiling point, and serial number reference. Codes on sample state, wavelength intervals of strongest bands, and no-data areas are included as well.1.1 These practices cover a data system generated from 1955 through 1974. It is in world-wide use as the largest publicly available data base. It is recognized that it does not represent the optimum way to generate a new data base with the most modern computerized equipment.1.2 These practices describe procedures for identification of individual chemical substances using infrared absorption spectroscopy and band indexes of spectral data. Use of absorption spectroscopy for qualitative analysis has been described by many (), but the rapid matching of the spectrogram of a sample with a spectral data in the literature by use of a band index system designed for machine sorting was contributed by Kuentzel (). It is on Kuentzel's system that the ASTM indexes of absorption spectral data are based.1.3 Use of these practices requires, in addition to a recording spectrometer and access to published reference spectra, the encoded data and suitable data handling equipment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the strength properties of adhesives and adhesive joints at subzero temperatures. This test method may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations, substrates, or adhesive systems on the durability of the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures.4.2 Tensile shear strengths of various adhesives, surface preparations, and substrates may be compared by using this test method for uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall tensile shear strength of a given adhesive, surface preparation, and substrate should be tested under a range of stress and temperatures. For a specific end use, the needed strength properties using only one set of test conditions may be obtained.4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury.4.3.1 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-term environment changes can induce internal stresses of chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other properties of the adhesive.4.3.2 The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.4.3.3 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable stresses for designing structural joints that differ in any manner from the joints tested without thorough analysis and understanding of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.3.4 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigue and environmental changes, but such comparisons must be made with great caution since different adhesives may respond differently in different joints. See Guide D4896 for further discussion of the concepts relative to interpretation of adhesive-bonded single-lap-joints.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from -267.8 to -55°C (-450 to -67°F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers high-strength, low-alloy, hot-rolled steel sheet and strip and cold-rolled sheet having improved formability when compared with steels covered by Specifications A 606 and A 607. The product is furnished as either cut lengths or coils and is available in four-strength levels, Grades 50, 60, 70, and 80 (corresponding to minimum yield strength (see Table 1)). The steel is killed, made to a fine grain practice, and includes microalloying elements such as columbium, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, etc. The steel may be treated to achieve inclusion control. The product is intended for structural and miscellaneous applications where higher strength, savings in weight, improved formability, and weldability are important.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

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1.1 This practice covers sampling electrical insulating liquids having a viscosity less than 650 cSt at 40oC from apparatus for analysis of their gas content or for measurement of water content, or both. Guide D117, Test Methods D1533, and Test Methods D3612 provide detailed information regarding gas and water testing. Definitions of terms used in this practice may be found in Terminology D2864. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6 and 7.

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5.1 This practice is intended to evaluate changes in the performance of ion exchange resins used in mixed beds operating as polishing systems for solutions of low ionic strength, typically, <10 mg/L dissolved solids, that are intended to produce very high purity effluents. It is recommended that when new resins are installed in a plant it be used to provide a base line against which the future performance of that resin can be judged.5.2 The conditions of this test must be limiting kinetically, such that kinetic leakage, and not equilibrium leakage, is tested. This leakage is influenced by a combination of influent flow velocity and concentration, as well as bed depth.5.3 It is recommended that the practice be followed with the resin ratio, flow rate, and influent quality as indicated. The design of the apparatus permits other variations to be used that may be more appropriate to the chemicals used in a specific plant and the nature of its cooling water, but the cautions and limitations noted in the practice must be accommodated.5.4 It is possible that the cation resin could experience kinetics problems. In many cases, however, the anion resins are more likely to experience the types of degradation or fouling that could lead to impaired kinetics. Testing of field anion and cation resins together is an option, especially when historic data on the mixed bed will be compiled. Recognize, however, that many variables can be introduced, making it difficult to interpret results or to compare to historical or new resin data on separate components.5.5 Provision is made for calculation of the mass transfer coefficient in the Appendix X1. When such calculation is to be made, a full wet sieve analysis, as described in Test Methods D2187, also is required. Electronic particle sizing may be substituted if it is referenced back to the wet sieve method.5.6 This practice is intended to supplement, not displace, other indicators of resin performance, such as exchange capacity, percent regeneration, and service experience records.1.1 This practice is intended to evaluate changes in kinetic performance of ion exchange resins used in mixed beds to produce high purity water. Within strict limitations, it also may be used for comparing resin of different types. This standard does not seek to mimic actual operating conditions. Specific challenge solutions and conditions are specified. At the option of the user, other conditions may be tested.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the formaldehyde monomer concentration in water and wastewater.1.2 This test method is suitable for free formaldehyde concentrations in the range of 0.2 to 7.0 mg/L. For samples containing concentrations greater than 7 mg/L, dilute with reagent water prior to analysis. Samples containing between 0.02 and 0.5 mg/L may be run using a 10-cm cell.1.3 This test method is for use with reagent water and wastewater. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.4 Formaldehyde polymers react partially or slowly, or both, making this test method unsuitable for analysis of these compounds.1.5 For specific hazard statements, see Section 9. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited palladium coatings for use in engineering applications. This specification also covers composite coatings of palladium with a thin gold overplate for applications involving electrical contacts. The plating system shall indicate the basis metal involved, thickness of the underplates, thickness of the palladium coating, and grade of the gold overplate. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to purity, appearance, thickness, dutility, adhesion (to be examined either by bend, heat, or cutting test), and integrity (gross defects, mechanical damage, and porosity).1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited palladium coatings containing at least 99.7 mass % of palladium metal. Composite coatings consisting of palladium with a thin gold overplate for applications involving electrical contacts are also covered.1.2 Properties—Palladium is the lightest and least noble of the platinum group metals. It has a specific gravity of 12.0, which is substantially less than gold (19.3) and platinum (21.5). This yields a greater volume or thickness of coating and, consequently, some saving of metal weight accompanied by a small sacrifice in corrosion resistance and reflectivity. The following table compares the hardness range of electrodeposited palladium with other electrodeposited noble metals and alloys (1,2).2  Approximate Hardness (HK25)Gold 50–250Palladium 75–600Platinum 150–550Palladium-Nickel 300–650Rhodium 750–1100Ruthenium 600–13001.3 The values stated in SI units are the preferred values. Values provided in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Sampling and conditioning are equally as important as testing. The reliability of the test results depends primarily upon how well the specimens tested represent the true character and condition of the lot of asbestos fiber. Much care and effort are required to be sure that all the sampling operations are systematic or at random and are representative. Failure to provide a test specimen that accurately represents the lot from which it is drawn will produce misleading test results regardless of the accuracy and the precision of the test method.1.1 This test method covers procedures for taking a composite or a master composite sample, at the mine or at the factory or from a consignment, of a lot of milled asbestos fiber used as raw material in the chrysotile asbestos industry, conditioning this sample and reducing it in quantity through a series of steps to provide a relatively small test specimen of loose asbestos fibers, representative of the lot and suitable for the determination of a single property.1.2 This sampling method is suitable for taking test specimens of chrysotile asbestos for Test Methods: C1119, C1120, C1121, C1122, C1123, C1124, C1125, C1162, D1118, D2589, D2752, D2946, D2947, D2985, D2987, D3639, D3752 and D3880.1.3 Test Method D3879 covers the sampling of amphibole asbestos fibers.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the test methods and corresponding requirements for phase change-type disposable (for one time use only) clinical thermometers used for the intermittent determination of human temperature. When examined using the test methods suggested herein, sampled specimens shall comply with the specified requirements as to temperature range and graduation, accuracy, measurement retention, operating environment, storage environment, toxicity, workmanship, stability, and marking and labeling.1.1 This specification covers phase change-type clinical thermometers that are designed and intended for one-time use.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The ability to have a sufficient open assembly time is critical when bonding a carpet. An adhesive with too short an open assembly time will not allow the installer enough time to position the carpet before the adhesive is dried beyond use. A product with too long an open assembly time will not provide enough dry time for the carpet to bond to the intended substrate without movement of the carpet.4.2 The test method provides a means of measuring the open assembly time for an adhesive. Use of such a test method can aid both the manufacturer to develop and the user to select the appropriate adhesive for the installation of carpet.4.3 Test Method C679 was used as a model for this test method.1.1 This test method describes a procedure to measure open assembly time for a troweled carpet adhesive.1.2 This test method provides an evaluation of the ability of an adhesive to effectively wet out the intended carpet backing.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This terminology covers terms related to joint and crack sealing in pavements. The terminology is useful for describing material types and pavement types and the application of sealants and fillers to pavements.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

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1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the ability of photovoltaic modules to withstand immersion or splash exposure by fresh or seawater as might be encountered when installed in a marine environment. This is one of several tests, including environmental cycling exposure and exposure to a corrosive environment, that are intended to provide an accelerated basis for evaluating the aging effects of a marine environment on module materials and construction specific to marine applications. 1.2 This test method defines photovoltaic module test specimens and requirements for positioning modules for test, references suitable methods for determining changes in electrical performance and characteristics, and specifies parameters which must be recorded and reported. 1.3 This test method does not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable results is beyond the scope of this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The static chambers have several different applications:4.1.1 The static chambers can be used to compare the susceptibility of different materials to the colonization and amplification of various microorganisms under defined conditions.4.1.2 Chambers operated at high relative humidities may be used to perform worst case scenario screening tests on materials by providing an atmosphere where environmental conditions may be favorable for microbial growth.4.1.3 Use of multiple chambers with different environmental parameters, such as a range of relative humidities, permits the evaluation of multiple microenvironments and allows investigation of materials under differing environmental conditions.4.1.4 Drying requirements for wetted materials may also be investigated. This information may be relevant for determining material resistance to microbial growth after becoming wet. These conditions may simulate those where materials are subjected to water incursion through leaks as well as during remediation of a building after a fire.4.1.5 Growth rates of microorganisms on the material may also be investigated. Once it has been established that organisms are able to grow on a particular material under defined conditions, investigations into the rate of organism growth may be performed. These evaluations provide base line information and can be used to evaluate methods to limit or contain amplification of microorganisms.4.2 These techniques should be performed by personnel with training in microbiology. The individual must be competent in the use of sterile technique, which is critical to exclude external contamination of materials.1.1 Many different types of microorganisms (for example, bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae) can occupy indoor spaces. Materials that support microbial growth are potential indoor sources of biocontaminants (for example, spores and toxins) that can become airborne indoor biopollutants. This guide describes a simple, relatively cost effective approach to evaluating the ability of a variety of materials to support microbial growth using a small chamber method.1.2 This guide is intended to assist groups in the development of specific test methods for a definite material or groups of materials.1.3 Static chambers have certain limitations. Usually, only small samples of indoor materials can be evaluated. Care must be taken that these samples are representative of the materials being tested so that a true evaluation of the material is performed.1.4 Static chambers provide controlled laboratory microenvironment conditions. These chambers are not intended to duplicate room conditions, and care must be taken when interpreting the results. Static chambers are not a substitute for dynamic chambers or field studies.1.5 A variety of microorganisms, specifically bacteria and fungi, can be evaluated using these chambers. This guide is not intended to provide human health effect data. However, organisms of clinical interest, such as those described as potentially allergenic, may be studied using this approach.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is not intended to supply design information nor to assume the responsibility of the engineer in establishing procedures to attain satisfactory performance best suited to individual job conditions. A review of this guide is recommended prior to supplementing it, as appropriate, with the conditions and requirements of the owner and engineer.1.1 This guide covers the methods of installing asbestos-cement (A-C) nonpressure sewer and storm drain pipe and fittings covered by Specification C428 and Specification C663 to utilize the material's performance properties to the fullest advantage. Included are recommendations and directives for storing, handling, and transporting pipe, trench excavation, pipe embedment, recommended work practices, assembly and installation, backfill placement, and field testing of installed pipe and fittings in pipelines.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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