1.1 This guide covers assisting wetland managers by prescribing a sequence of steps for defining the assessing wetland functions. This guide also identifies properties that must be considered in the selection of a wetland assessment procedure to determine whether it will assist in satisfying the requirements of wetland regulatory programs or produce valid design criteria for planned wetlands, or both. This guide can help wetland managers use existing assessment procedures more effectively during the decision-making process. The outcome of the assessment is dependent on many factors including the selected procedure, the sampling design, and assumptions; therefore, decisions and assumptions made should be documented throughout the process. While this guide is developed to assist in satisfying the requirements of wetland regulatory programs, it can also be used in a variety of planning, management, and educational situations.1.2 The guide is not intended for use in assigning values to wetland functions in terms of economic (for example, dollars) or other value units. However, the information that is gathered while assessing wetland functions may be useful in meeting this objective when used in conjunction with other information (for example, see Refs (1) and (2)).1.3 This guide applies to assessment procedures designed for application at the ecosystem scale. It does not address the less commonly used landscape level models or the use of wetland assessment procedures for cumulative impacts analysis (3-5).1.4 Limitations-This guide does not include a standard wetland assessment procedure or models for assessing function. This guide has been written primarily to complement and to aid in the selection of current procedures. There are several procedures for quantifying wetland functions and each has been developed for specific purposes. The suitability of a procedure depends on assessment objectives, wetland type, availability of applicable models given the wetland type and objectives, and policy of local decision makers. There are continuous efforts to develp new and improved methods that could override any one recommended standard practice.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This guide outlines the rights of individuals, both patients and providers, regarding health information and recommends procedures for the exercise of those rights.1.2 This guide is intended to amplify Guide E1869.

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1.1 This guide addresses the privacy, confidentiality, and security training of employees, agents and contractors who have access to health information. This access shall be authorized and required to meet job responsibilities. Training is essential to developing and understanding about, and sensitivity for, individually identifiable health infoamtion. Anyone in a setting that collects, maintains, transmits, stores or uses health information, or provides health services, or a combination thereof, shall provide privacy, confidentiality, and security awareness training to all staff and business partners. Training shall be based on job responsibilities.

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4.1 This guide has three purposes:4.1.1 To serve as a guide for developers of computer software that provides or makes use of authentication and authorization processes,4.1.2 To serve as a guide to healthcare providers who are implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms, and4.1.3 To be a consensus standard on the design, implementation, and use of authentication and authorization mechanisms.4.2 Additional standards will define interoperable protocols and message formats that can be used to implement these mechanisms in a distributed environment, using specific commercial technologies such as digital signatures.1.1 This guide covers mechanisms that may be used to authenticate healthcare information (both administrative and clinical) users to computer systems, as well as mechanisms to authorize particular actions by users. These actions may include access to healthcare information documents, as well as specific operations on those documents (for example, review by a physician).1.2 This guide addresses both centralized and distributed environments, by defining the requirements that a single system shall meet and the kinds of information which shall be transmitted between systems to provide distributed authentication and authorization services.1.3 This guide addresses the technical specifications for how to perform user authentication and authorization. The actual definition of who can access what is based on organizational policy.

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This specification describes the Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS). This is a set of standard equipment behaviors that must be accessible under remote control to set up and operate laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. Discussed intensively herein are the equipment requirements, notations and general message syntaxes, control paradigms, message transactions, communication maintenance and locus of control, operational management, sample loading and processing, and error and exception handling.1.1 This specification covers deterministic remote control of laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. The labor-intensive process of integrating different equipment into an automated system is a primary problem in laboratory automation today. Hardware and software standards are needed to facilitate equipment integration thereby significantly reduce the cost and effort to develop fully automated laboratories.1.2 This Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS) describes a set of standard equipment behaviors that must be accessible under remote control to set up and operate laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. The remote control of the standard behaviors is defined as standard interactions that define the dialogue between the equipment and the control system that is necessary to coordinate operation. The interactions are described with state models in which individual states are defined for specific, discrete equipment behaviors. The interactions are designed to be independent of both the equipment and its function. Standard message exchanges are defined independently of any specific physical communication links or protocols for messages passing between the control system and the equipment.1.3 This specification is derived from the General Equipment Interface Definition developed by the Intelligent Systems and Robotics Center at Sandia National Laboratory, the National Institute of Standards Technologies' Consortium on Automated Analytical Laboratory Systems (CAALS) High-Level Communication Protocol, the CAALS Common Command Set, and the NISTIR 6294 (1-4). This LECIS specification was written, implemented, and tested by the Robotics and Automation Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory.1.4 Equipment Requirements-LECIS defines the remote control from a Task Sequence Controller (TSC) of devices exhibiting standard behaviors of laboratory equipment that meet the NIST CAALS requirements for Standard Laboratory Modules (SLMs) (5). These requirements are described in detail in Refs (3, 4). The requirements are:1.4.1 Predictable, deterministic behavior,1.4.2 Ability to be remotely controlled through a standard bidirectional communication link and protocol,1.4.3 Maintenance of remote communication even under local control,1.4.4 Single point of logical control,1.4.5 Universal unique identifier,1.4.6 Status information available at all times,1.4.7 Use of appropriate standards including the standard message exchange in this LECIS,1.4.8 Autonomy in operation (asynchronous operation with the TSC),1.4.9 Perturbation handling,1.4.10 Resource management1.4.11 Buffered inputs an outputs,1.4.12 Automated access to material ports,1.4.13 Exception monitoring and reporting,1.4.14 Data exchange via robust protocol,1.4.15 Fail-safe operation,1.4.16 Programmable configurations (for example, I/O ports),1.4.17 Independent power-up order, and1.4.18 Safe start-up behavior.

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4.1 An OP/FT-IR monitor can, in principle, measure the concentrations of all IR-active gases and vapors in the atmosphere. Detailed descriptions of OP/FT-IR systems and the fundamental aspects of their operation are given in Practice E1685 and the FT-IR Open-Path Monitoring Guidance Document. A method for processing OP/FT-IR data to obtain the concentrations of gases over a long, open path is given in Compendium Method TO-16. Applications of OP/FT-IR systems include monitoring for gases and vapors in ambient air, along the perimeter of an industrial facility, at hazardous waste sites and landfills, in response to accidental chemical spills or releases, and in workplace environments.1.1 This practice covers procedures for using active open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) monitors to measure the concentrations of gases and vapors in air. Procedures for choosing the instrumental parameters, initially operating the instrument, addressing logistical concerns, making ancillary measurements, selecting the monitoring path, acquiring data, analyzing the data, and performing quality control on the data are given. Because the logistics and data quality objectives of each OP/FT-IR monitoring program will be unique, standardized procedures for measuring the concentrations of specific gases are not explicitly set forth in this practice. Instead, general procedures that are applicable to all IR-active gases and vapors are described. These procedures can be used to develop standard operating procedures for specific OP/FT-IR monitoring applications.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing orange shellac, button lac, garnet lac, and bleached lac. 1.2 The sampling procedures and test methods appear in the following order: Sections Sampling: Orange Shellac, Button Lac, and Garnet Lac 3 Bleached Lac 4 Identification of Samples 5 General Requirements for Test Methods: Reagents 6 Source and Preparation of Portions of Sample for Tests 7 Insoluble Matter 8 to 9.5 Iodine Value 10 to 10.3 Purity 11 to 13.2 Volatile Matter (Moisture) 14 to 15.2 Wax 16 to 16.4 Matter Soluble in Water 17 to 17.2 Ash 18 to 18.2 Color 19 to 19.4.3 Color of Orange Shellac 20 to 20.4.4 Acid Value 21 to 21.4 Orpiment 22 to 22.4 Saponification Value 23 to 23.4 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.> Specific hazard statements are given in Note 1.

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3.1 Alumina-silica refractory brick is produced from various combinations of alumina and silica-containing materials. These bricks can vary in chemical composition from almost 100 % alumina and little silica to almost 100 % silica and little alumina. It is therefore useful to establish a classification scheme based on physical properties and chemical analysis. One group, fireclay brick, is classified based on physical properties since some overlap of alumina and silica content can occur. A second group, high-alumina brick, is classified primarily based on alumina content. The classification allows those familiar with refractory materials to group similar products from various suppliers in a standard and consistent manner.1.1 This classification covers machine-made fireclay and high-alumina refractory brick, and its purpose is to set forth the various classes and types of these materials in accordance with their normal and characteristic properties, which are important in their use.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test environment is believed to give an accelerated ranking of the relative or absolute degree of stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility for different brasses. It has been found to correlate well with the corresponding service ranking in environments that cause stress-corrosion cracking which is thought to be due to the combined presence of traces of moisture and ammonia vapor. The extent to which the accelerated ranking correlates with the ranking obtained after long-term exposure to environments containing corrodents other than ammonia is not at present known. Examples of such environments may be severe marine atmospheres (Cl−), severe industrial atmospheres (predominantly SO2), and super-heated ammonia-free steam.4.2 It is not possible at present to specify any particular time to failure (defined on the basis of any particular failure criteria) in pH 7.2 Mattsson’s solution that corresponds to a distinction between acceptable and unacceptable stress-corrosion behavior in brass alloys. Such particular correlations must be determined individually.4.3 Mattsson's solution of pH 7.2 may also cause stress independent general and intergranular corrosion of brasses to some extent. This leads to the possibility of confusing stress-corrosion failures with mechanical failures induced by corrosion-reduced net cross sections. This danger is particularly great with small cross section specimens, high applied stress levels, long exposure periods and stress-corrosion resistant alloys. Careful metallographic examination is recommended for correct diagnosis of the cause of failure. Alternatively, unstressed control specimens may be exposed to evaluate the extent to which stress independent corrosion degrades mechanical properties.1.1 This practice covers the preparation and use of Mattsson’s solution of pH 7.2 as an accelerated stress-corrosion cracking test environment for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The variables (to the extent that these are known at present) that require control are described together with possible means for controlling and standardizing these variables.1.2 This practice is recommended only for brasses (copper-zinc base alloys). The use of this test environment is not recommended for other copper alloys since the results may be erroneous, providing completely misleading rankings. This is particularly true of alloys containing aluminum or nickel as deliberate alloying additions.1.3 This practice is intended primarily where the test objective is to determine the relative stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of different brasses under the same or different stress conditions or to determine the absolute degree of stress corrosion cracking susceptibility, if any, of a particular brass or brass component under one or more specific stress conditions. Other legitimate test objectives for which this test solution may be used do, of course, exist. The tensile stresses present may be known or unknown, applied or residual. The practice may be applied to wrought brass products or components, brass castings, brass weldments, and so forth, and to all brasses. Strict environmental test conditions are stipulated for maximum assurance that apparent variations in stress-corrosion susceptibility are attributable to real variations in the material being tested or in the tensile stress level and not to environmental variations.1.4 This practice relates solely to the preparation and control of the test environment. No attempt is made to recommend surface preparation or finish, or both, as this may vary with the test objectives. Similarly, no attempt is made to recommend particular stress-corrosion test specimen configurations or methods of applying the stress. Test specimen configurations that may be used are referenced in Practice G30 and STP 425.21.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety hazard statements see Section 8.)1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 When two dissimilar metals in electrical contact are exposed to a common electrolyte, one of the metals can undergo increased corrosion while the other can show decreased corrosion. This type of accelerated corrosion is referred to as galvanic corrosion. Because galvanic corrosion can occur at a high rate, it is important that a means be available to alert the user of products or equipment that involve the use of dissimilar metal combinations in an electrolyte of the possible effects of galvanic corrosion.4.2 One method that is used to predict the effects of galvanic corrosion is to develop a galvanic series by arranging a list of the materials of interest in order of observed corrosion potentials in the environment and conditions of interest. The metal that will suffer increased corrosion in a galvanic couple in that environment can then be predicted from the relative position of the two metals in the series.4.3 Types of Galvanic Series: 4.3.1 One type of Galvanic Series lists the metals of interest in order of their corrosion potentials, starting with the most active (electronegative) and proceeding in order to the most noble (electropositive). The potentials themselves (versus an appropriate reference half-cell) are listed so that the potential difference between metals in the series can be determined. This type of Galvanic Series has been put in graphical form as a series of bars displaying the range of potentials exhibited by the metal listed opposite each bar. Such a series is illustrated in Fig. 1.4.4 Use of a Galvanic Series: 4.4.1 Generally, upon coupling two metals in the Galvanic Series, the more active (electronegative) metal will have a tendency to undergo increased corrosion while the more noble (electropositive) metal will have a tendency to undergo reduced corrosion.4.4.2 Usually, the further apart two metals are in the series, and thus the greater the potential difference between them, the greater is the driving force for galvanic corrosion. All other factors being equal, and subject to the precautions in Section 5, this increased driving force frequently, although not always, results in a greater degree of galvanic corrosion.1.1 This guide covers the development of a galvanic series and its subsequent use as a method of predicting the effect that one metal can have upon another metal can when they are in electrical contact while immersed in an electrolyte. Suggestions for avoiding known pitfalls are included.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The methods for manufacture (proprietary or otherwise) of these materials vary significantly among suppliers, and these methods influence such properties as arc erosion, contact resistance, and tendency to weld in service. Since the performance of contacts in a device depends on numerous factors outside the contact itself (opening speed, closing speed, contact pressure, contact bounce, environmental variations, assembly technique and variations, etc.) this guide cannot ensure performance control in the application. As part of the qualification on initial samples it is recommended that the user electrically test the materials in a functional manner for all devices applicable to the material’s use. This guide will provide a means for the contact manufacturer and contact user to reach agreement on the details of material to be supplied for a specific use and how to provide reasonable assurance that future lots will be similar in properties and microstructure to the initial test of sample contacts supplied.1.1 This standard provides guidelines for users and manufacturers of silver-tin oxide material produced in strip, rod, wire, and part form for electrical contact applications.1.2 Silver-tin oxide refers to contact material containing silver, tin oxide, and other metal oxide which may be used for either improving the processing or performance of the material.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluating emulsification characteristics of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates. It defines the stability of emulsified particles in water. Although not absolute, the test method is a measure of expected emulsion stability in agricultural application equipment.1.1 This test method describes a general procedure for the determination of emulsification spontaneity and the emulsion stability characteristics of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates when diluted with water.1.2 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination. Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol (50 volume % minimum) base engine coolant for use in automobiles and light duty vehicles. When used without further dilution, this product functions effectively during both summer and winter in automotive and other light-duty engine cooling systems to provide adequate cooling system performance. 1.2 The units quoted in this specification are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents provided for information purposes only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note-This specification applies to automobiles and light-duty service. A separate specification for a prediluted ethylene glycol base coolant for heavy-duty engine service is under development.

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This guide presents a logical process for determining the usability of environmental data for decision making activities. The process describes a series of steps to determine if the enviromental data were collected as planned by the project team and to determine if the a priori expectations/assumptions of the team were met.This guide identifies the technical issues pertinent to the integrity of the environmental sample collection and analysis process. It guides the data assessor and data user about the appropriate action to take when data fail to meet acceptable standards of quality and reliability.The guide discusses, in practical terms, the proper application of statistical procedures to evaluate the database. It emphasizes the major issues to be considered and provides references to more thorough statistical treatments for those users involved in detailed statistical assessments.This guide is intended for those who are responsible for making decisions about environmental waste management projects.1.1 This guide covers a practical strategy for examining an environmental project data collection effort and the resulting data to determine if they will support the intended use. It covers the review of project activities to determine conformance with the project plan and impact on data usability. This guide also leads the user through a logical sequence to determine which statistical protocols should be applied to the data.1.1.1 This guide does not establish criteria for the acceptance or use of data but instructs the assessor/user to use the criteria established by the project team during the planning (data quality objective process), and optimization and implementation (sampling and analysis plan) process.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This guide covers the standard procedure of performing post-coating heat treatment of some steels for reducing susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement or degradation that may arise in the finishing processes. This heat treatment procedure shall be used after plating operations but prior to any secondary conversion coating operation. Except for surface-hardened and shot-peened parts, the choice of embrittlement-relief heat treatment and the corresponding treatment conditions shall be selected on the basis of actual tensile strength of the steel.1.1 This guide covers procedures for reducing the susceptibility in some steels to hydrogen embrittlement or degradation that may arise in the finishing processes.1.2 The heat treatment procedures established herein may be effective for reducing susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. This heat-treatment procedure shall be used after plating operations but prior to any secondary conversion coating operation.1.3 This guide has been coordinated with ISO/DIS 9588 and is technically equivalent.NOTE 1: The heat treatment does not guarantee complete freedom from the adverse effects of hydrogen degradation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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