This specification covers carbon steel castings for general applications. The grades of steels covered here are: Grade N-1, Grade N-2, Grade U-60-30 [415-205], Grade 60-30 [415-205], Grade 65-35 [450-240], Grade 70-36 [485-250] and Grade 70-40 [485-275]. Except for Grades N-1 and U-60-30, all steel castings shall be heat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and tempering, or quenching and tempering. Heat treatments shall be performed after castings have been allowed to cool. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus. Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, all steels shall undergo tension test, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and reduction of area.1.1 This specification covers carbon steel castings for general applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimum tensile strength.NOTE 1: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these grades possess the same degree of weldability or that the same welding techniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are covered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall be specified by the purchaser.1.2.1 Grade N-1—Chemical analysis only.1.2.2 Grade N-2—Heat treated but not mechanically tested.1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 [415-205]—Mechanically tested but not heat treated.1.2.4 Grades 60-30  [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36 [485-250], and 70-40 [485-275]—Heat treated and mechanically tested.1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in accordance with 9.2.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its resistance to corrosion and erosion and reliability. Recently, polyethylene pipe has also been used for nuclear safety related cooling water applications.5.2 MW examination is useful for detecting various flaws that are known to occur in polyethylene electrofused joints.1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of electrofusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the purpose of joining polyethylene piping.NOTE 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.NOTE 2: This practice references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications as defined by Specification D3350.1.2 The electrofusion joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.1.3 The practice is intended to be used on joint thicknesses of 0.5 in. to 4 in. (12 mm to 100 mm) and diameters 4 in. (100 mm) and greater. Greater and lesser thicknesses and lesser diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.1.4 This practice can be applied to post assembly inspection of polyethylene electrofusion joints.1.5 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the design, manufacturing, and testing of packed slip-type expansion joints used in pipelines for accommodating axial thermal growth or contraction from the pipeline carrying fluid. The expansion joints shall be of the following types, styles, classes, and forms: Type I; Styles I and II; Classes I and II; and Forms I, II, and III. As specified in this specification and as required, the expansion joint shall be provided with flanged or welded end connections, limit stops, stuffing boxes with integral guides, base, drain connection, service connection, slip protectors, and adjustment rods. The internal and external surfaces of the expansion joint shall be cleaned of dirt, oil, grease, and other foreign material using a suitable cleaning solvent. Extreme care shall be used to ensure the interior is free of any slag, steel chips, or other similar materials that could lodge between the slip and the body and score the slip surface.1.1 This specification covers the design, manufacturing, and testing of packed slip-type expansion joints used in pipelines for accommodating axial thermal growth or contraction from the pipeline carrying fluid.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 Asphalt-based, solvent-type, fibered or nonfibered, aluminum-pigmented roof coatings are used as a protective coating for solar reflection to prolong the life of roofing materials or where decorative qualities are desired.3.2 Suitable application of aluminum-pigmented asphalt roof coatings is an important factor in achieving a successful long-term coating. Suitable application is, in part, dependent upon appropriate specifications to guide the work. This guide can be useful in facilitating development of an appropriate specification for surface preparation and application of the roof coating.3.3 Designers/specifiers of coatings may use this guide in preparing the application portion of their specification. Contractors working directly for the building owner may also use this guide.3.4 This guide is not all-inclusive. Manufacturer's application instructions should be consulted and geographical “area practices” considered. Consult membrane manufacturer and coating manufacturer for acceptability of procedures and products.1.1 This guide covers the application methods for Specification D2824/D2824M Aluminum-Pigmented Asphalt Roof Coatings, Nonfibered, and Fibered without Asbestos, for application on asphalt built-up roof membranes, modified bitumen roof membranes, bituminous base flashings, concrete surfaces, metal surfaces, emulsion coatings, and solvent-based coatings. This guide does not apply to the selection of a specific aluminum-pigmented asphalt roof coating type for use on specific projects. The fibered version of these coatings excludes the use of asbestos fibers.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 4.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish uniformity in terms used in the field of agricultural chemical application. Terms are adopted from related fields and where applicable from Terminology E609.1.2 The terms are appropriate to any agricultural chemical application. Units in parenthesis following a definition are meant as typical and are not exhaustive of all units available for the term.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The long-term material strength of geosynthetic reinforcement material is a critical design parameter for many civil engineering projects including, but not limited to, reinforced wall structures and reinforced slopes. Geosynthetic reinforcement products are produced using a variety of polymeric materials and using a variety of manufacturing procedures. Accordingly, product-specific testing using representative produced products is recommended for establishment of long-term material strength for products used as reinforcement in structures.4.2 The primary use of the test results obtained from a reinforcement testing program is to determine the available long-term (that is, end of design life, typically 75 years) material strength, Tal, of the reinforcement. The available long-term strength, Tal, is calculated as follows:4.3 This long-term geosynthetic reinforcement strength concept is illustrated in Fig. 1. As shown in the figure, some strength losses occur immediately upon installation, and others occur throughout the design life of the reinforcement. Much of the long-term strength loss does not begin to occur until near the end of the reinforcement design life.FIG. 1 Long-Term Geosynthetic Strength Concepts4.4 The value selected for Tult, for design purposes, is the minimum average roll value (MARV) for the product. This minimum average roll value, denoted as TMARV, accounts for statistical variance in the material strength. Other sources of uncertainty and variability in the long-term strength result from installation damage, creep extrapolation, and the chemical degradation process. It is assumed that the observed variability in the creep rupture envelope is 100 % correlated with the short-term tensile strength, as the creep strength is typically directly proportional to the short-term tensile strength within a product line. Therefore, the MARV of Tult adequately takes into account variability in the creep strength.4.5 In accordance with AASHTO R 69-15, the test program results provided in geosynthetic reinforcement design reduction factor test reports are focused on characterization of the product line, specifically testing representative products within the product line to accomplish that characterization.4.6 The guidelines provided in this document explain how to use the test data to characterize the entire product line with regard to long-term strength and durability properties.1.1 This guide presents a description of how to use test results from reduction factor test reports for reinforcement geosynthetics. It is based solely on testing and reporting requirements as established in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standard AASHTO R 69-15, Standard Practice for Determination of Long-Term Strength for Geosynthetic Reinforcement. AASHTO R 69-15 is used to determine the long-term allowable material strength, Tal, that is solely product property performance dependant.1.2 This guide is intended to assist designers and users of reinforcement geosynthetics when reviewing reports of reduction factor testing efforts. This guide is not intended to replace education or experience, or other alternative design procedures. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is for user selection, specification, and application of stretch film materials. It may be used between the buyer and seller to arrive at purchase specifications.1.1 This guide covers recommended guidelines for the selection, specification, and use of stretch films for unitizing, reinforcing, and palletizing for indoor environments. This can include storage or transport, or both, in warehouses, closed containers such as truck trailers or rail boxcars, and associated transfer terminals. This guide does not cover the performance issues associated with outdoor exposure.1.1.1 Performance characteristics of stretch film may be negatively affected by extreme temperatures.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Most site-specific groundwater flow models must be calibrated prior to use in predictions. In these cases, calibration is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition which must be obtained to have confidence in the model's predictions.5.2 Often, during calibration, it becomes apparent that there are no realistic values of the hydraulic properties of the soil or rock which will allow the model to reproduce the calibration targets. In these cases the conceptual model of the site may need to be revisited or the construction of the model may need to be revised. In addition, the source and quality of the data used to establish the calibration targets may need to be reexamined. For example, the modeling process can sometimes identify a previously undetected surveying error, which would results in inaccurate hydraulic head targets.5.3 This guide is not meant to be an inflexible description of techniques for calibrating a groundwater flow model; other techniques may be applied as appropriate and, after due consideration, some of the techniques herein may be omitted, altered, or enhanced.NOTE 1: Users of the inverse method should be aware that the method may have several solutions, all equally well calibrated. (1)41.1 This guide covers techniques that can be used to calibrate a groundwater flow model. The calibration of a model is the process of matching historical data, and is usually a prerequisite for making predictions with the model.1.2 Calibration is one of the stages of applying a groundwater modeling code to a site-specific problem (see Guide D5447). Calibration is the process of refining the model representation of the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic properties, and boundary conditions to achieve a desired degree of correspondence between the model simulations and observations of the groundwater flow system.1.3 Flow models are usually calibrated using either the manual (trial-and-error) method or an automated (inverse) method. This guide presents some techniques for calibrating a flow model using either method.1.4 This guide is written for calibrating saturated porous medium (continuum) groundwater flow models. However, these techniques, suitably modified, could be applied to other types of related groundwater models, such as multi-phase models, non-continuum (karst or fracture flow) models, or mass transport models.1.5 Guide D5447 presents the steps to be taken in applying a groundwater modeling code to a site-specific problem. Calibration is one of those steps. Other standards have been prepared on environmental modeling, such as Guides D5490, D5609, D5610, D5611, D5718, and Practice E978.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 This practice may be invoked by any of the parties mentioned in 1.2 and may be included as part of a specification or used to clarify or reinforce an existing specification that does not adequately address inspection. When invoked by the ship owner on the shipbuilder, the shipbuilder is responsible for the coordination effort.3.2 As surface preparation and coating requirements generally differ from ship area to ship area, this practice shall be applied separately to those areas of similar requirements.3.3 The contents of this practice shall be addressed (for each applicable ship area) at a prestartup meeting attended by the parties mentioned in 1.2.1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide for determining specific inspection requirements for marine surface preparation and coating application during new construction, major retrofit, or routine maintenance contracts.1.2 It is intended that this practice be used to coordinate inspection activities between ship owner, ship builder, coatings manufacturer and coatings applicator, and that specific requirements be developed before the commencement of surface preparation or coating application, or both.1.3 This practice does not provide a means of recording required data (for example, film thicknesses, temperatures, relative humidity, and so forth), but instead establishes a format for deciding what data must be recorded, when during the preparation/coating process, and by whom.1.4 This practice does not establish accept/reject criteria for surface preparation or coating inspection, nor does it address methods of repairing deficiencies found. It does, however, provide a means of determining them.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice is a guide for use in determining the type (continuous, demand, or special application) of film cameras that can be used adequately in financial institutions. In addition, this practice contains minimum standards to be exercised in the placement and installation of these cameras. 1.2 This practice acknowledges existing references and draws heavily upon them where practical. Those existing references appear at the end of this practice. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers high-strength, high conductivity round copper-alloy wire used for electronic hook-up wire. The wires shall conform to the required minimum breaking strength and elongation. Electrical resistance and diameter of the wire shall be measured. The finished material shall be free of defects that detract from the normal end use or longevity of the product. Joints necessary to processing shall be of such quality that all requirements are met.1.1 This specification covers high-strength, high-conductivity round copper-alloy wire 0.00099 to 0.0720 in. [0.025 to 1.829 mm] in diameter, used for electronic hookup wire. The tensile strength of the wire is 60 ksi [414 MPa] minimum and the electrical conductivity at 20°C is 85 % IACS minimum.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides minimum requirements for the application of Class PB EIFS and EIFS with Drainage (see Specification E2568). The requirements for materials, mixtures, and details shall be contained in the project plans and specifications. See Guide E1825 for guidance.1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements and procedures for field or prefabricated application of Class PB Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) and EIFS with Drainage. Class PB EIFS are systems applied over insulation board, in which the base coat ranges from not less than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) to 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) in dry thickness, depending upon the number of nonmetallic reinforcing mesh layers encapsulated in the base coat (see Specification E2568). The base coat is then covered with a finish coat of varying thickness in a variety of textures and colors. EIFS with Drainage provides a mechanism to drain incidental moisture1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as a requirement of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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2.1 Vinyl composition tile or flooring consists of vinyl resins (suitably plasticized and stabilized) fortified with composition fibers, mineral fillers, and prime pigments. In some cases, all or part of the wearing surfaces may consist of unfilled vinyl resin that is clear or translucent. Metallic accents (chips, pigment, etc.) are frequently used to form the overall design. In general, the overall binder content is lower than that of homogeneous vinyl tile. For the purpose of this practice, vinyl composition also includes vinyl asbestos tile.1.1 This practice covers the application of floor polishes to maintain vinyl composition tile or flooring. Floor polishes are applied to vinyl composition tile floors for protection and beautification of the floor surface. Cleaning, polish application, removal, and maintenance procedures are important functions in this process.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This guide should be used to support existing decision frameworks for the selection and application of analytical procedures to sediment programs.4.2 Activities described in this guide should be conducted by persons familiar with current sediment site characterization and remediation techniques, sediment remediation science and technology, toxicology concepts, risk and exposure assessment methodologies, and ecological evaluation protocols.4.3 This guide may be used by various parties involved in sediment programs, including regulatory agencies, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, risk assessors, site remediation professionals, environmental contractors, analytical testing laboratories, data validators, data reviewers and users, and other stakeholders, which may include, but are not limited to, owners, buyers, developers, lenders, insurers, government agencies, and community members and groups.4.4 This guide is not intended to replace or supersede federal, state, local or international regulatory requirements. Instead this guide may be used to complement and support such requirements.4.5 This guide provides a decision framework based on over-arching features and elements that should be customized by the user based on site-specific conditions, regulatory context, and sediment program objectives for a particular site. This guide should not be used alone as a prescriptive checklist.4.6 The selection and application of analytical methods and test procedures for sediment programs is an evolving science. This guide provides a systematic but flexible decision framework to accommodate variations in approaches by regulatory agency and by user based on project objectives, site complexity, unique site features, programmatic and regulatory requirements, newly developed guidance, newly published scientific research, use of alternative scientifically-based methods and procedures, changes in regulatory criteria, advances in scientific knowledge and technical capability, multiple lines of evidence approach, and unforeseen circumstances.4.7 The user of this guide should review the overall structure and components of this guide before proceeding with use, including: Section 1 - ; Section 2 - References; Section 3 - Terminology; Section 4 - . The remainder of this guide is organized as a tool kit to support the selection and application of a range of test methods and procedures that may be used at various stages of a sediment program, including: Section 5 - Physical Property Test Methods; Section 6 - Chemistry Analytical Methods; Section 7 - Passive Sampling Methods; Section 8 - Biological Test Methods; Section 9 - Environmental Forensics Analytical Methods; and Section 10 - Analytical Methods Development. Nonmandatory Appendix X1 – Appendix X13 provide users of this guide with additional information. A list of References and a Bibliography are provided at the end of this guide.4.8 Project Scoping and Planning—This guide supports that systematic planning process for selection and application of analytical procedures used for sediment programs. The use of this guide compliments applicable existing guidance used to develop a Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) and to establish data quality objectives (DQO) necessary to meet project goals and to fully understand data quality. This process encourages planners to identify and focus on the key issues that must be addressed and resolved for successful, cost-effective, and defensible project outcomes.4.9 The use of this guide also supports the development and refinement of a Conceptual Site Model (CSM) as part of the planning process for site activities that involve gathering environmental data.4.10 Implementation of the guide is site-specific. The user of this guide may choose to customize the implementation of the guide for particular types and/or phases of sediment programs.4.11 This guide may be initiated at any time during a sediment program, including: site characterization, assessment, remedy selection, remedial design, remedial implementation, remedial operation and maintenance, baseline and long-term monitoring, remedy optimization, and corrective action.4.12 Use of this guide supports the use of systematic project planning, dynamic work strategies, use of innovative sampling and analytical technologies, and application of best management practices and guiding principles as applied to contaminated sediment programs.4.13 Use of this guide supports a multiple lines of evidence approach, including a weight of evidence approach, for assessment, remediation, and monitoring of contaminated sediments.4.14 Use of this guide is consistent with the Sediment-RBCA process which guides the user to acquire and evaluate additional data, obtain the appropriate data and refine goals, objectives, receptors, exposure pathways, and the site conceptual model. As the Sediment-RBCA process proceeds, data and conclusions reached at each tier help focus subsequent tiered evaluation. This integrative process results in efficient, cost-effective decision-making and timely, appropriate response actions for contaminated sediment programs.4.15 Planning Framework—When applying this guide, the user should undertake a systematic project planning and scoping process to collect information to assist in making site-specific, user-defined decisions for a particular project. Planning activities should include the following factors: (a) Assemble an experienced team of project professionals; (b) Engage stakeholders early and often in the planning process; (c) Define, agree on, and document clearly stated project objectives and intended outcomes; (d) Recognize that sediment programs are complex, uncertainty is high, that an appropriate projectspecific approach may be developed with the investment of time and effort, and that compromise and uncertainty are inherent in the process; (e) Identify the applicable regulatory program(s); (f) Compile existing site data; and (g) Establish a plan for documenting and reporting key decisions and results. These project planning and scoping activities should be carried forward as the project progresses.4.16 Experience and Expertise—The users of this guide should consider assembling a team of experienced project professionals with appropriate expertise to scope, plan and execute a sediment data acquisition program. The team may include: regulatory agencies, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, risk assessors, site remediation professionals, environmental contractors, analytical testing laboratories, and data reviewers, data validators, data users, and other stakeholders.4.17 Stakeholders—The users of this guide are encouraged to engage key stakeholders early and often in the project planning and scoping process, especially regulators, project sponsors, and service providers including analytical testing laboratories. A concerted ongoing effort should be made by the guide user to continuously engage stakeholders as the project progresses in order to gain insight, technical support and input for resolving technical issues and challenges that may arise during project implementation.4.18 Documentation—The users of this guide should establish a plan for documenting and reporting the results of the project planning process, including: key challenges, options considered, decisions taken, data acquisition approach, data results, and project outcomes relative to project objectives. Project documentation may include: Project Work Plans, Sampling and Analysis Plans (SAP), Quality Assurance Project Plans (QAPP), Technical Memos, and Project Reports. The user must ensure that the test methods used meet the analytical rigor required by the regulatory agency or agencies having oversight authority for the project.4.19 The users of this guide are encouraged to continuously update and refine the project Conceptual Site Model (CSM), Work Plans and Reports used to describe the physical properties, chemical composition and occurrence, biologic features, and environmental conditions of the sediment project.4.20 Key Considerations—This guide supports users in the identification of key considerations for designing and implementing sediment program data acquisition plans, including discussion of applicability and use limitations of analytical methods and testing procedures.4.21 Challenges—This guide is designed to assist the user in more fully understanding and navigating the challenges inherent in the selection and application of analytical methods and test procedures for use in sediment programs, specifically challenges in generating analytical data of sufficient sensitivity to support the stringent regulatory screening levels applied to sediment programs. USEPA (2005a) (1)5 has long recognized the challenges associated with sediment programs, as summarized below:4.21.1 Sources may be various, large, ongoing, and/or difficult to control,4.21.2 Impacts may be diffuse, large, and diverse,4.21.3 Environment may be dynamic, increasing the difficulty in understanding effects of natural forces and man-made events on sediment movement and stability and contaminant fate and transport,4.21.4 Cleanup work often involves engineering challenges and higher costs than for other media,4.21.5 Mixed land uses and numerous property owners and communities with differing views, opinions, and impacts often complicate cleanup efforts, and4.21.6 Ecologically valuable resources and/or legislatively protected species or habitats may be present.1.1 This is a guide for the selection and application of a range of analytical methods and testing procedures that may be used during sediment programs, including physical properties testing, chemical analytical methods, passive sampling procedures, bioassays and toxicity testing, environmental forensics methods and procedures, and methods development procedures for sediment programs.1.2 Sediment programs vary greatly in terms of environmental complexity, physical, chemical and biological characteristics, human health and ecological risk concerns, and geographic and regulatory context. This guide provides information for the selection and application of analytical methods and testing protocols applicable to a wide range of sediment programs.1.3 This guide describes widely accepted considerations and best practices used in the selection and application of analytical procedures used during sediment programs. This guide supports and complements existing regulations and technical guidance.1.4 This guide is designed for general application to a wide range of sediment programs performed under international, federal, state and local environmental programs. This guide describes the selection and application of analytical methods and test procedures, not the requirements for specific regulatory jurisdictions. This guide compliments but does not replace regulatory agency requirements.1.5 This guide may be used for a wide range of sediment programs, including programs with overlapping regulatory jurisdictions, programs without a clearly established regulatory framework, voluntary programs, Brownfield programs, and international programs. The users of this guide should be aware of the appropriate regulatory requirements that apply to sediment programs. The user should consult applicable regulatory agency requirements to identify appropriate technical decision criteria and seek regulatory approvals, as necessary, prior to selection and application of analytical methods and test procedures to sediment programs.1.6 This guide supports the collaboration of stakeholders, including project sponsors, regulators, laboratory service providers, and others, on the selection and application of analytical procedures to sediment programs. This guide highlights key considerations for designing sediment program data acquisition plans, including applicability and use limitations of analytical methods and test procedures, and data usability considerations. This guide recognizes the challenges inherent in selection and application of analytical methods and test procedures for sediment systems, as well as the challenges inherent in generating analytical data of sufficient sensitivity to meet regulatory criteria applied to sediment programs.1.7 ASTM standard guides are not regulations; they are consensus standard guides that may be followed voluntarily to support applicable regulatory requirements.1.8 Test methods, procedures, and guidelines published by ASTM, USEPA, and other U.S. and international agencies are used for sediment programs, many of which are referenced by this guide. However, these documents do not provide guidance on the selection and application of analytical methods and test procedures for sediment programs. This guide was developed for that purpose.1.9 This guide may be used in conjunction with other ASTM guides developed for sediment programs.1.10 The user of this guide should review existing information and data available for a sediment project to determine the most appropriate entry point into and use of this guide.1.11 Table of Contents:   SectionIntroduction   1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4Physical Property Test Methods 5Chemistry Analytical Methods 6Passive Sampling Methods 7Biological Test Methods 8Environmental Forensics Analytical Methods 9Analytical Method Development 10Key Differences in Physical Properties of Sediment and Soil Appendix X1Guidelines for Collection of Sediment Samples for Physical Properties Testing Appendix X2Key Concepts in Sediment Stratigraphy for Physical Properties Testing Appendix X3Quick Reference Guide for Sediment Chemistry Analytical Method Selection Appendix X4Sampling Reference Guide for Sediment Chemistry Analytical Methods Appendix X5Critical Success Factors for Sediment Chemistry Analytical Programs Appendix X6Quick Reference Guide for Passive Sampling Method Selection Appendix X7Advantages and Limitations of Passive Sampler Types for Organic Compounds Appendix X8Methodologies and Equations for Determining Aqueous Chemical Concentrations from Passive Sampler Results Appendix X9Pros and Cons Evaluation of Biological Test Methods Appendix X10Decision Tree for Biological Testing Selection Appendix X11Species List for Biological Testing Appendix X12Daubert Criteria to Guide the Selection and Application of Analytical Test Methods Used for Environmental Sediment Forensics Appendix X13References  Bibliography  1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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