5.1 Sounding tubes may be fabricated from 11/2 NPS or larger. Only when otherwise specified, Schedule 40 components, manufactured from the list of material indicated in Practice F1155 and Specification A53/A53M, Grade S or Grade ERW. In addition, sounding tubes may be fabricated in stainless steel for stainless steel tanks.5.1.1 Sounding tubes passing through or terminating in fuel tanks, potable water tanks, or clean salt water ballast tanks should be constructed of 70-30 copper nickel, but other suitable material is acceptable.5.2 Striker plates shall be fabricated in accordance with Specification A36/A36M.5.3 The fittings shall be designed in accordance with ASME B16.5, ASME B16.9, ASME B16.28, or ASME B16.11 as applicable (see Table 21 in Practice F1155), and the installation shall be in accordance with ASME B31.1 as modified by Specification F722. These standards cover the fitting tolerances.5.4 Some cargo may preclude the use of materials specified in this guide. However, configuration examples are applicable for all applications.5.5 When a sounding tube is combined with the air escape, either three 11/4-in. (approximately 30-mm) diameter holes approximately 12 in. (305 mm) from the tank top equally spaced or six 1/2-in. (approximately 15-mm) diameter holes approximately 6 in. (150 mm) from the tank top equally spaced can be used for perforations. See Fig. 2.5.6 Figs. 1-4 are guidance details.FIG. 1 Type I Sounding TubeFIG. 2 Type II Sounding TubeFIG. 3 Type III Sounding TubeFIG. 4 Type IV Sounding Tube1.1 This guide covers design and construction criteria for striker plates and sounding tubes, excluding deck penetrations and caps, for use with sounding rods or tapes in freshwater, saltwater, and oil tanks.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

A standard recognizes that effectiveness, safety, and durability of a RBS depends not only on the quality of the materials, but also on their proper installation.Improper installation of a RBS can reduce their thermal effectiveness, cause fire risks and other unsafe conditions, and promote deterioration of the structure in which they are installed. Specific hazards that can result from improper installation include fires caused by (1) heat buildup in recessed lighting fixtures, (2) deterioration or failure of electrical wiring components, and (3) deterioration in wood structures and paint failure due to moisture accumulation.This standard provides recommendations for the installation of radiant barrier materials in a safe and effective manner. Actual conditions in existing buildings may vary greatly and in some cases additional care should be taken to ensure safe and effective installation.This standard presents requirements that are general in nature and considered practical. They are not intended as specific recommendations. The user should consult the manufacturer for recommended application methods.1.1 This standard has been prepared for use by the designer, specifier, and installer of RBS (radiant barrier systems) for use in building construction. The scope is limited to recommendations relative to the use and installation of RBS including a surface(s) normally having a far-infrared emittance of 0.1 or less, such as metallic foil or metallic deposits unmounted or mounted on substrates. Some examples that this standard is intended to address include: (1) low emittance surfaces in vented or unvented building envelope cavities intended to retard radiant transfer across the airspace; (2) low emittance surfaces at interior building surfaces intended to retard radiant transfer to or from building inhabitants; and (3) low emittance surfaces at interior building surfaces intended to reduce radiant transfer to or from radiant heating or cooling systems. See for typical examples of use.1.2 This standard covers the installation process from pre-installation inspection through post-installation procedure. It does not cover the production of the radiant barrier materials. (See Specification C1313.)1.3 This standard is not intended to replace the manufacturer's installation instructions, but shall be used in conjunction with such instructions. This practice is not intended to supercede local, state, or federal codes.1.4 This standard assumes that the installer possesses a good working knowledge of the application codes and regulations, safety practices, tools, equipment, and methods necessary for the installation of radiant barrier materials. It also assumes that the installer understands the fundamentals of building construction that affect the installation of RBS.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Sections and .1.5 When the installation or use of radiant barrier materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This practice applies to the materials and methods used in the construction of AAC masonry. It directly references the AAC materials standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 and the workmanship requirements of TMS 602 and supplements those workmanship requirements with additional requirements particular to AAC masonry.1.1 This practice applies to construction and testing of masonry made of AAC units. It includes or references terminology, material specifications, and methods of test. It references specifications and test methods.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Warning tracks are playing surfaces located on the margins of the playing area for the purpose of providing a warning to the player that he or she is approaching a hazard (commonly a fence) or out-of-bounds area. In order to provide for an effective warning track surface, the warning track must be constructed and maintained in such a manner so that the player can sense the change in texture from the regular playing surface and the warning track without having to look. This feature is very important in that the player is often visually focused on the ball during play and would not be looking at the ground as he/she is running toward the warning track. The warning track must also be constructed and maintained in such a manner that the warning track itself, or the surface transition, does not pose a hazard to the players.4.2 The warning track areas of sports fields should provide a uniform surface with good footing. The change in surface texture of the warning track from the surrounding playing surface must be of enough contrast such that the player can sense the change without looking. Most often, warning track surfaces are devoid of turf or other vegetation. However, turfed warning track areas may be used in instances where such purpose is to “warn” the player of an impending hazard where the primary playing surface is a skinned area. This may be the case in softball where the entire infield playing surface is a skinned area and a turfed warning track is used along the first base and third base fencelines. Undulations, rough surface, hard or soft surface, weeds, stones, debris, wets spots, etc. detract from a good, safe warning track. The safety and effectiveness of the warning track is largely affected by construction and maintenance procedures and this guide addresses those procedures.4.2.1 During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as the physical and chemical properties of materials used in the area, freedom from stones, sticks, and other debris, and surface drainage and internal drainage. Consideration should also be given to the surface elevation such that a drastic change is not produced by the transition from the playing surface to the warning track area which may create a tripping or falling hazard.4.2.2 Maintenance practices that influence the playability of the surface include edging, dragging, rolling, watering, vegetation control, and removal of stones and debris that may adversely affect play and safety.4.3 Those responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance, or a combination thereof, of baseball and softball fields, or play areas where the need for a warning track area has been identified, will benefit from this guide.1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of warning track areas on sports fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of materials, such as soil and sand for use in constructing or reconditioning warning track areas and for selection of management practices that will maintain a safe and functioning warning track. Although this guide has applications to all sports where a warning track surface may be required or desired, it has specific applications to baseball/softball.1.2 This guide does not address synthetic warning tracks such as rubberized surfaces, artificial turf, or paved surfaces.1.3 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by local soil types, climatic factors, level of play, budget, and training/ability of management personnel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This classification is meant to be a guide for the selection of a vault.4.2 This classification is intended to assist users in availing themselves of various prefabricated and generically constructed products, while maintaining continuity in the selected intrusion-resistance level.4.3 This classification is not meant to recommend or prefer the use of any single product or any type level, or its application.1.1 This classification is for the use and guidance of those who purchase, design, construct, install, approve, or modify storage vault enclosures, intended for the protection of assets against loss due to forced entry.1.2 This classification is a systematic arrangement of constructed products, based on similar intrusion resistance characteristics, as derived from available test data.1.3 This classification does not address fire resistivity.1.4 This classification does not address the methods of interfacing vault components. Things such as tamper notification, intrusion detection, response timelines, or other issues, typically forming a complete vault system, should be considered for inclusion.1.5 Nothing in this classification is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices that provide a level of intrusion resistance equivalent to that prescribed herein.1.5.1 Any system, method, or device different from that detailed herein may be examined, in accordance with the intent of this standard, and if found equivalent, may be included.1.6 Nothing in this classification shall be construed to prohibit better or safer conditions than the requirements specified herein.1.7 Each standard designation cited shall be meant to be the edition in effect on the date this classification was published.1.8 A rationale is given in Appendix X1.NOTE 1: For more information on the construction of bank and mercantile vaults, refer to the following documents: ASTM Specifications A184/A184M, A615/A615M, A635/A635M, C33, C94/C94M, C150, C494/C494M, C618, C685/C685M; American Concrete Institute Building Requirements ACI 318, and American Welding Society Structural Welding Code D 1.4.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). It is intended for all sUAS that are permitted to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA). Unless otherwise specified by a nation’s GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum takeoff gross weight of 55 lb/25 kg or less.1.1 This specification defines the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This document specifies quality assurance requirements for additive construction (AC) concerning building and construction projects in which additive manufacturing techniques are used for construction. The requirements are independent of the material(s) and process category used.1.2 This document does not apply to metals.1.3 This document specifies the criteria for additive construction processes, quality-relevant characteristics, and factors along AC system operations. It further specifies activities and sequences within an AC cell (additive construction site) and project.1.4 This document applies to all additive manufacturing technologies in building and construction (load bearing and non-load bearing), structural and infrastructure building elements for residential and commercial applications and follows an approach oriented to the process.1.5 This document does not cover environmental, health and safety aspects that apply to printing facility setup, material handling, operating of robotic equipment, and packing of equipment and/or elements for shipping but material supplier guidelines, robotic solution operating guidelines, and local and regional requirements are applicable.1.6 This document does not cover design approvals, material properties characterization and testing.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers aluminum 1350-H19, 1350-H16 or -H26, 1350-H14 or -H24, 1350-H142 or -H242, and aluminum alloy 8XXX series for tempers "O" and H1X or H2X, bare stranded conductors composed of one or more roller shaped or die compressed layers of helically laid wires. The conductors are for general use for electrical purposes. The conductors described in this specification are intended for subsequent insulation or covering. The areas of cross section, the minimum number of wires, and diameters of the finished strand shall conform to the prescribed construction requirements. The rated strength of 1350-H19 conductors shall be taken as the percent of the sum of the strengths of the component wires, calculated using the nominal wire diameters and the specified minimum average tensile strength. The rated strength of 800 series conductors shall be taken as the percent of the sum of strengths of the component wires, calculated using nominal wire diameters and the specified minimum average tensile strength. The approximate mass and electrical resistance may be determined using the standard increments due to stranding. Mechanical and electrical tests shall be made for not annealed and annealed conductors after stranding. Temperature correction factors for conductor resistance shall be provided when dc resistance is measured at specified temperatures.1.1 This specification covers aluminum 1350-H19 (extra hard), 1350-H16 or -H26 (3/4 hard), 1350-H14 or -H24 (1/2 hard), 1350-H142 or -H242 (1/2 hard), and aluminum alloy 8XXX series as listed in Specification B800 for tempers “O” and H1X or H2X, bare stranded conductors composed of one or more roller shaped or die compressed layers of helically layed wires. The conductors are for general use for electrical purposes (Explanatory Notes 1 and 2).NOTE 1: For the purposes of this specification, single input wire (SIW) construction is defined as follows: a stranded conductor design methodology that varies the number of wires within a range of conductor sizes in order to permit that range of conductor sizes to be constructed from a single wire size.1.2 The SI values for resistivity are regarded as standard. For all other properties, the inch-pound units are regarded as standard and the SI units may be approximate.NOTE 2: Prior to 1975, aluminum 1350 was designated as EC aluminum.NOTE 3: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI H35.1. Aluminum 1350 corresponds to Unified Numbering System A91350 in accordance with Practice E527. Aluminum alloys in the 8000 series correspond to Unified Numbering System A98XXX in accordance with Practice E527.NOTE 4: This specification also permits conductors for use as covered or insulated electrical conductors.NOTE 5: Sealed conductors, which are intended to prevent longitudinal water propagation and are further covered/insulated, are also permitted within the guidelines of this specification.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers stranded conductors made from round copper wires, either uncoated or coated with tin, lead, or lead alloy for general use in insulated conductor assemblies for electrical purposes. These conductors shall be composed of one or more roller shaped or die closed layers of helically laid wires using the single input wire. For stranded conductors, the direction of lay of the outer layer shall be leeft hand and may be reversed or unidirectional/unilay in successive layers. Test for the physical and electrical properties of wires composing conductors made from hard-drawn or medium-hard-drawn wires, uncoated or coated, shall be made before but not after stranding. For the purpose of calculating mass, cross sections, and so forth, the density of the copper shall be taken. The mass and electrical resistance of a unit length of stranded unsealed conductor are a function of the lenght of lay shall be calculated.1.1 This specification covers stranded conductors made from round copper wires, either uncoated or coated with tin, lead, or lead alloy for general use in insulated conductor assemblies for electrical purposes. These conductors shall be composed of one or more roller shaped or die closed layers of helically laid wires using the single input wire (SIW) methodology. (see Note 1 and Explanatory Note 1)NOTE 1: Sealed conductors which are intended to prevent longitudinal water propagation and are further covered/insulated, are also permitted within the guidelines of this specification.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.2.1 For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This guide establishes the material selection, system design, and layout requirements, aas well as installation procedures for chain link security fence systems intended to substantially increase the difficulty to penetrate, thereby, increasing intrusion delay time. Selection criteria are provided herein for the following materials and fencing components: chain link fabric; fence framework including line posts, terminal posts, and rails; barbed wires; barbed tape obstacles; tension wire; fittings; post ties, rail ties, and hog rings; swing gates; slide gates; and vehicle crash gates. Installation procedures for passive anti-ram systems are also provided herein.1.1 This guide covers the material and installation for selection in the design of a security chain link fence system. The proper material selection, system installation and layout can substantially increase the difficulty to penetrate; thereby, increasing the intrusion delay time.1.2 This guide does not purport to address all of the physical protection security concerns. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish the appropriate design for the level of physical protection required and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements or limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 It is recommended that Guide F1553 be followed for the format of this guide.1.5 This guide is not intended to set specific requirements for chain link security fencing. It intends to cover the considerations or options pertinent to the design and construction of chain link security fencing.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release from compression.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers for use in concrete, brick, stone, and other paving and structural construction. The fillers are available in the following types: Type I, sponge rubber, which shall consist of preformed strips of a durable elastic sponge rubber compound using synthetic rubber or natural rubber as a base and containing no reclaim rubber or factice; Type II, cork, and Type III, self-expanding cork, which shall both consist of preformed strips that have been formed from clean granulated cork particles securely bound together by a synthetic resin of an incoluble nature; and Type IV, recycled PVC, which shall consist of preformed strips that have been extruded using scrap PVC material and using either no binder or a synthetic resin of an insoluble nature to securely bind it together. Materials shall be sampled suitably according to specified size and number, and shall meet property requirements as to recovery, compression, extrusion, expansion, boiling in hydrochloric acid, and density.1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers of the following four types for use in concrete, brick, or stone construction.1.1.1 Type I—Sponge rubber.1.1.2 Type II—Cork.1.1.3 Type III—Self-expanding cork.1.1.4 Type IV—Recycled PVC.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: Attention is called to Specifications D994/D994M and D1751.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the requirements for rolled copper sheets and strips in flat lengths or coils of ounce-weight thicknesses for roofing, flashing, gutters, downspouts, and general sheet metal work in building construction. Products produced to this specification are not intended for electrical applications. Materials are available in the following tempers: O60 (soft), H00 (cold-rolled), H01 (cold-rolled, high yield), H02 (half hard), H03 (three-quarter hard), and H04 (hard). Products shall be sampled and prepared, then tested accordingly to examine their conformance to dimensional (mass, thickness, length, width, weight, and straightness), mechanical (tensile and yield strength, and Rockwell hardness), chemical composition, and grain recrystallization requirements.1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for rolled copper sheet and strip in flat lengths or coils in ounce-weight thicknesses for roofing, cladding, flashings, gutters, downspouts, and general sheet metal work for building construction.1.1.1 Products produced to this specification are not intended for electrical applications.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: Specification B101 is an associated specification for lead-coated copper sheets and strip for building construction.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains to the test methods portion, Section 16, of this specification1.3.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Transverse Load—The procedures outlined will serve to evaluate the performance of floor and roof segments for deflection, permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performance criteria based on data from these procedures can ensure structural adequacy and effective service.4.2 Concentrated Load—This concentrated load test shall be used to evaluate surface indentation of structural framing members.4.3 These procedures will serve to evaluate performance of roof and floor segments under simulated service conditions. Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall be evaluated under Test Method E455. Impact loading shall be evaluated under Test Methods E661 or E695.1.1 This test method covers the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of floor and roof constructions:    Section  Test Specimens 5  Loading 6  Deformation Measurements 7  Report 8  Precision and Bias 9   Testing Floors    Transverse Load 10  Concentrated Load 11   Testing Roofs    Transverse Load 12  Concentrated Load 131.2 This test method serves to evaluate the performance of floors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and (2) Concentrated static loading, which represent conditions sustained in the actual performance of the element. The standard is not intended for the evaluation of individual structural framing or supporting members (floor joist, rafters, and trusses), or both.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard is not intended to cover concrete floor slabs.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the duration for which the types of building elements noted in 1.1 contain a fire, retain their structural integrity, or exhibit both properties during a predetermined test exposure.4.2 The test exposes a test specimen to a standard fire controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. When required, the fire exposure is followed by the application of a specified standard fire hose stream applied in accordance with Practice E2226. The test provides a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable building elements under these fire exposure conditions. The exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.4.3 The test standard provides for the following:4.3.1 For walls, partitions, and floor or roof test specimens:4.3.1.1 Measurement of the transmission of heat.4.3.1.2 Measurement of the transmission of hot gases through the test specimen.4.3.1.3 For loadbearing elements, measurement of the load carrying ability of the test specimen during the test exposure.4.3.2 For individual loadbearing members such as beams and columns:4.3.2.1 Measurement of the load carrying ability under the test exposure with consideration for the end support conditions (that is, restrained or not restrained).4.4 The test standard does not provide the following:4.4.1 Information as to performance of test specimens constructed with components or lengths other than those tested.4.4.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.4.4.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen.4.4.4 Simulation of the fire behavior of joints between building elements such as floor-wall or wall-wall, etc., connections.4.4.5 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of test specimens.4.4.6 The effect on fire-resistance of conventional openings in the test specimen, that is, electrical receptacle outlets, plumbing pipe, etc., unless specifically provided for in the construction tested. Also see Test Method E814 for testing of fire stops.1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-response standard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and to composite assemblies of structural materials for buildings, including loadbearing and other walls and partitions, columns, girders, beams, slabs, and composite slab and beam assemblies for floors and roofs. They are also applicable to other assemblies and structural units that constitute permanent integral parts of a finished building.1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register comparative performance to specific fire-test conditions during the period of exposure and shall not be construed as having determined suitability under other conditions or for use after fire exposure.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the test results of building construction assemblies. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of building construction and assemblies. Application of these test results to predict the performance of actual building construction requires the evaluation of test conditions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车