5.1 This guide provides a list of the standards within Committee D04 that address the use of materials, specifications, and construction practices that could have broader sustainability benefits. This list is current, relative to the approval date of the standard.5.2 The standards discussed are listed in the Referenced Documents section.5.3 This guide is intended to be used as a reference for an owner, engineer, contractor, or combinations thereof, to identify potential sustainability strategies and the respective material and construction standards and specifications. It is important to note that these standards do not ensure sustainability goals are achieved; rather, they may be useful in determining inputs for sustainability metrics.1.1 This guide is intended to be a reference for locating specific test methods relating to materials and construction standards within the jurisdiction of Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials that could be a strategy used to meet project sustainability goals.1.2 The guide needs to be reviewed and updated by Subcommittee D04.99 on Sustainable Asphalt Pavement Materials and Construction, on an as-needed basis, to remain viable.1.2.1 Additions or deletions to the reference list in Section 2 shall be submitted to Subcommittee D04.99 and balloted.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification deals with bare compact round stranded conductors made from uncoated copper wires of a single input wire diameter for general use in covered or insulated electrical wires or cables. Welds and brazes may be made in rods or in wires. The length and direction of lay are specified. The construction requirements of compact round single input wire-stranded copper conductors are also detailed. The mass and electrical resistance of the conductor shall be determined. Tests for the physical and electrical properties of wires shall be made.1.1 This specification covers bare compact round stranded conductors made from uncoated copper wires of a single input wire (SIW) diameter for general use in covered or insulated electrical wires or cables. These conductors shall be constructed with one or more layers of helically laid compacted wires (Explanatory Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 For density, resistivity and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers compact round stranded aluminium conductors using single input wire construction. Joints may be made in any of the wires of any stranding by electric-butt welding, cold-pressure welding, or electric-butt, cold-upset welding. No joint or splice shall be made in a stranded conductor as a whole. The rated-strength and breaking-strength requirements of conductor are presented in details. Tests for the mechanical and electrical properties of wire composing the conductor shall be made before, but not after, stranding unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser as provided by the reference materials.1.1 This specification covers aluminum/single input wire (SIW) stranded conductors made from round or shaped wires for use in covered or insulated electrical wires or cables. These conductors shall be composed of one or more roller or die compacted layers of helically applied wires (Explanatory Note 1, Explanatory Note 2, and Explanatory Note 3).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.NOTE 1: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI H35.1. Aluminum 1350 and Aluminum-Alloy 8XXX correspond to Unified Numbering System A91350 and A98XXX, in accordance with Practice E527.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the performance-based and prescriptive-based methods of evaluating various classes of automated gate constructions that are used for vehicular traffic. The gate types addressed in this specification include horizontal slide gates, horizontal swing gates, vertical lift gates, vertical pivot gates, and overhead pivot gates. Conversely, the four classes of gates covered here are as follows: Class I, a gate for the garage or parking area intended for use in a home of a one-to-four single family dwelling; Class II, a gate intended for use in a commercial location or building such as a multi-family housing unit (five or more single family units), hotel, garages, retail store, or other building servicing the general public; Class III, a gate intended for use in an industrial location or building such as a factory, loading dock area, or other locations not intended to service the general public; and Class IV, a gate intended for use in a guarded industrial location or building such as an airport security area, or other restricted access locations not servicing the general public, in which unauthorized access is prevented by means of supervision by security personnel.1.1 This specification defines performance-based and prescriptive-based methods of evaluating various classes of gates that are used for vehicular traffic and are to be automated.1.2 Gate types addressed in this specification include horizontal slide gates, horizontal swing gates, vertical lift gates, vertical pivot gates, and overhead pivot gates.1.3 Gate types not listed in this specification will be subject to any applicable provisions contained in this specification.1.4 Automated vehicular gate systems shall comply with this specification and shall be compliant with UL 325.1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This guide outlines general installation procedures and precautions for the application of sodium bentonite needle-punched geotextile waterproofing systems.5.2 This guide is not all inclusive and is intended only to supplement detailed drawings and specifications from designers and the installation guidelines of manufacturers. Manufacturers of some of the systems addressed by this guide require proprietary products and special procedures not described in this guide. Manufacturers’ guidelines and details applicable for each site construction condition encountered on a project should therefore be considered in the application of this guide.1.1 This guide covers general installation guidelines of waterproofing membranes produced as a composite of sodium bentonite contained within two interlocked needle-punched geotextiles for designers to consider when developing project-specific drawings and specifications. This guide covers construction applications where the waterproofing is applied to the positive side of below-grade cast-in-place concrete foundation walls, both backfilled and support of excavation (SOE) construction, and under concrete pressure slabs. This guide does not cover plaza deck construction applications, either split-slab construction or pavers on pedestals, or vegetated green roof waterproofing applications.1.2 This guide does not cover sodium bentonite waterproofing membranes produced with a corrugation paper carrier, bentonite bonded to a geomembrane, and spray-applied bentonite systems.1.3 For the purpose of this guide, concrete is assumed to be cast-in-place with a surface profile as recommended in Guide D5295/D5295M, consolidated in accordance with applicable guidelines in ACI 309, structurally sound, able to accept the weight of anticipated loads, and meets the local building code requirements. All components of the waterproofing system are assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environmental regulations that may be in effect at the time of installation. Expansion joints, insulation, and drainage layers are beyond the scope of this guide.1.4 This guide does not cover sodium bentonite geotextile membranes installed on below-grade foundation walls and slabs constructed with masonry materials, precast concrete, or pneumatically applied concrete (that is, shotcrete).1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The unit values given in parentheses are for reference information only.1.6 Different sodium bentonite geotextile membranes have different materials of composition and construction which can affect physical properties. The procedures contained in this guide, therefore, may not be universally applicable to all sodium bentonite geotextile membranes under all field conditions.1.7 This guide does not purport to assign responsibilities of quality assurance or quality control. Specific quality assurance and quality control items should be addressed in project specifications and contract documents.1.8 This guide does not purport to include requirements for warranties associated with the waterproofing materials or installation.1.9 This guide does not purport to include all detailing techniques to address various conditions that can be encountered on construction projects.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to determine the density of construction slurries in the laboratory and field. For freshly mixed slurry, this test method may be used as an indicator of mix proportions. For in-trench slurry or in-borehole slurry, a certain value may be specified for maintaining trench or borehole stability.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard depends on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities being used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of slurries used in slurry construction techniques, such as those used to drill borings, maintain trench stability, perform ground improvement, and form hydraulic barriers. This test method is modified from API Recommended Practice 13B.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.2.1 Note that unitless specific gravity is equivalent to SI density in g/cm3.1.2.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.1.3.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal of significant digits in the specified limit.1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice provides basic criteria for the development and operation of a certification body, the development and operation of a certification program, and the development and use of customary mechanisms to evaluate a candidate’s knowledge, skill, and ability.4.2 The basic criteria provided by this practice are intended to be supplemented by more specific criteria serving the requirements of the certification body.4.3 The certification body and its program, accredited according to the requirements of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024 and this practice, shall be considered as having met the full intent of this practice.1.1 This practice provides supplemental requirements to those of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024 for bodies that certify personnel engaged in inspection and testing of construction activities and materials used in construction, including Special Inspection. ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024 provides generic requirements that can be adapted to any discipline where assurance that certified individual meets the requirements of the certification scheme. Therefore, certification bodies certifying personnel engaged in inspection and testing of construction activities and materials used in construction, including Special Inspection, must meet the requirements of this practice and ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024.1.2 This practice may be used as a reference by:1.2.1 Developers of standards requiring personnel certification in inspection and testing of construction activities and materials used in construction, including Special Inspection, as a reference to harmonize terminology and reduce confusion among users;1.2.2 Personnel certification bodies that establish criteria and certify construction inspection, construction testing, and Special Inspection agency personnel against specific requirements,1.2.3 Accreditation bodies that accredit certification bodies, and1.2.4 Users and specifiers as a reference when requiring personnel certification.1.3 This practice follows the format of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17024 and provides additional requirements where needed.1.4 Certification may be specific to a single test or inspection method or practice or a grouping or collection of methods or practices (any such method, code, or practice being hereinafter referred to as “method,” or collectively as “methods”).1.5 Personnel certification is an important aspect of the quality system of agencies engaged in inspection and testing of construction activities and materials used in construction, including Special Inspection. Certification of personnel is required to meet the personnel qualifications of Practice E329.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide may be used as a reference of acceptable open-cut construction practices for the proper installation of buried fiberglass and thermoplastic pipe. This guide may be used as follows:4.1.1 Installation contractors have an awareness of the level of workmanship required and use this information for bidding purposes and during construction.4.1.2 Construction inspectors have a reference of acceptable installation practices.4.1.3 Specification writers may use this guide as a reference in contract documents.4.1.4 Designers may review this information during planning and design for factors to consider in the preparation of plans and specifications.4.1.5 The owner of the pipeline may use this guide as a reference for restoration of proper pipe support and embedment when original construction is disturbed due to repairs, modifications, or construction of adjacent or crossing pipelines or cables.4.2 This guide should not be used to replace project specification requirements, manufacturer's recommendations, plumbing codes, building codes, or ASTM installation standards, but may be used to supplement that information.1.1 This guide describes installation techniques and considerations for open-cut construction of buried pipe. Although this guide was developed for plastic pipe, the concepts of providing the appropriate soil support, care in handling, correct joining techniques, proper soil compaction methods, and prevention of installation damage may apply to any pipe.1.1.1 Plastic pipe refers to thermoplastic and fiberglass pipe.1.1.2 Thermoplastic pipe refers to pipe fabricated from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), or polypropylene (PP). A list of specifications for these products is given in Appendix X2.1.1.3 Fiberglass pipe refers to a glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe. A list of ASTM specifications for these products is given in Appendix X2.NOTE 1: Appendix X2 cannot be considered inclusive because there may be unlisted, recently adopted ASTM specifications for new products that may be installed using this guide.NOTE 2: Only a few of the ASTM specifications listed in Appendix X2 include the associated fittings. While this guide applies to the installation of pipe, couplings, and fittings, no attempt was made to list all the possible fitting specifications that may be used in conjunction with the pipe specifications. Consult each specification or manufacturer for appropriate fitting standards.1.1.4 For simplification, the term pipe will be used in this document to mean pipe sections, fittings, and couplings.1.2 This guide contains general construction information applicable for plastic pipe and supplements the installation standards for the various types of pipe as described in Practices D2321, D2774, D3839, F690, and Guide F645.NOTE 3: This guide is not applicable for gas pipe applications as additional requirements may apply.1.3 Flexible pipe, such as thermoplastic and fiberglass, are typically designed to rely on the stiffness of the soil surrounding the pipe for support. The contract documents should describe the requirements of an appropriate soil support system. The construction practices described in this guide can be instrumental in attaining the required soil stiffness.1.3.1 A discussion of the interaction between a buried pipe and the surrounding soil and the importance of attaining proper soil support is in Appendix X1.1.3.2 Following these guidelines will be helpful in preventing local deformations in the pipe.1.4 This guide does not cover underwater installation, pipe that needs to be supported on piling, perforated pipe used for drainage, or gas pipelines.1.5 Pipelines through areas described as “expansive soils,” “collapsing soils,” landfills or water-logged land (such as swamps) should be constructed using site-specific installation procedures and are not discussed in this guide.1.6 This guide is not intended to cover all situations. Specific pipe characteristics, fluid transported, local site conditions, environmental concerns, or manufacturer's recommendations may require different guidelines.1.7 The construction practices presented in this guide may be affected by the installation requirements of owners, specifying organizations, or regulatory agencies for pipelines crossing roads and highways, other pipelines or cables, or waterways such as streams, drainage channels, or floodways.1.8 Culverts or pipe that are used as passages through water retaining embankments (for example, earth dams) may be constructed using the principles of this guide, if appropriate provisions are made to prevent water movement along the outside of the pipe (using impervious soils, cutoff collars, head walls, etc.).1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are given for information only.NOTE 4: There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard covering the primary subject matter of this guide.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This guide outlines permissible deviations and distortions in new construction of steel hulls, in accordance with good fit criteria and strength requirements. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Safety factors must be addressed and incorporated into the work to protect the workers and the public, and construction activities may need to be altered accordingly. Engineering and construction costs are a part of the analysis.4.2 Access rights to the work should be considered in the design of the project.4.3 A construction professional, who has field experience in construction activities similar to the scope of work anticipated, should review the plans for constructability prior to starting the project.4.4 Proper insurance and surety bonding to protect the interests of all parties to the agreement or contract should be considered.4.5 Risk management assessment will identify the parties that are in the best position to control and be responsible for the different risks.1.1 This guide addresses only primary safety concerns, easements, constructability, liability of the various parties, and risk management related to constructing, installing, maintaining, or changing an optical fiber network in an existing sewer.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. See 4.1 and 5.1 – 5.1.7 for specific safety information.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 A grass tennis court should provide a relatively uniform, high quality playing surface as it relates to footing and ball bounce. Undulations, rough surface, bare spots, weeds, and wet spots detract from good play. Playing surface quality is largely affected by construction and maintenance procedures, and this guide addresses those procedures.4.1.1 During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, freedom of large stones and debris in the soil, surface and internal drainage, grass species selection, orientation of the court, and provisions for distributing wear on the playing surface.4.1.2 Maintenance practices that influence the playability of the surface include mowing height, mowing frequency, rolling, irrigation, fertilization, weed control, disease and insect control, cultivation, thatch control, topdressing, and overseeding.4.2 Those responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance, or a combination thereof, of tennis courts will benefit from this guide.4.3 This guide provides flexibility in choices of procedures and can be used to cover a variety of use and budget levels.1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of grass tennis courts. This guide provides guidance for selection of soil systems and turfgrass species in court construction and for selection of management practices that will maintain an acceptable playing surface.1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by existing soil types, climatic factors, adaptation of grass species, level of play anticipated, intensity of use, budget, equipment, and training and ability of the turf management personnel.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers solid nonload-bearing and load-bearing precast concrete wall units made from autoclaved aerated concrete. Precast autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a cementitious product based on calcium silicate hydrates in which low density is attained by the inclusion of an agent resulting in macroscopic voids and is subjected to high-pressure steam curing. The precast autoclaved aerated concrete wall units are large-size solid rectangular prisms, which are to be laid using thin-bed mortar. Installed units shall be protected against direct exposure to moisture using a coating material. The raw materials used in the production of precast autoclaved aerated concrete are portland cement, quartz sand, water, lime, gypsum or anhydrite, and an agent resulting in macroscopic voids. The quartz sand used as a raw material may be replaced by a siliceous fine aggregate other than sand, and usually is ground to a fine powder before use. Fly ash may be used as a sand replacement. The batched raw materials are mixed thoroughly together to form a slurry. The slurry is cast into steel molds. Due to the chemical reactions that take place within the slurry, the volume expands. After setting, and before hardening, the mass is machine cut into units of various sizes. The units then are steam-cured under pressure in autoclaves where the material is transformed into a hard calcium silicate. The units shall be subjected to the following tests: compressive strength test, moisture content test, bulk density test, and shrinkage test.1.1 This specification covers solid nonload-bearing and load-bearing precast concrete wall units made from autoclaved aerated concrete. Precast autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a cementitious product based on calcium silicate hydrates in which low density is attained by the inclusion of an agent resulting in macroscopic voids and is subjected to high-pressure steam curing. The precast autoclaved aerated concrete wall units are large-size solid rectangular prisms, which are to be laid using thin-bed mortar. Installed units covered by this specification shall be protected against direct exposure to moisture using a coating material accepted by the AAC manufacturer.1.2 The raw materials used in the production of precast autoclaved aerated concrete are portland cement, quartz sand, water, lime, gypsum or anhydrite, and an agent resulting in macroscopic voids. The quartz sand used as a raw material may be replaced by a siliceous fine aggregate other than sand, and usually is ground to a fine powder before use. Fly ash may be used as a sand replacement. The batched raw materials are mixed thoroughly together to form a slurry. The slurry is cast into steel molds. Due to the chemical reactions that take place within the slurry, the volume expands. After setting, and before hardening, the mass is machine cut into units of various sizes. The units then are steam-cured under pressure in autoclaves where the material is transformed into a hard calcium silicate.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 8, Section 9, and Section 10.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers solid precast segmental concrete masonry units made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates, with or without the inclusion of other materials. The units are intended for use in the construction of catch basins and manholes. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placing of the unit.1.1 This specification covers solid precast segmental concrete masonry units made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates, with or without the inclusion of other materials. The units are intended for use in the construction of catch basins and manholes.1.2 The text of this standard referenced notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 General: 4.1.1 Many CCPs are suitable materials for the construction of engineered structural fills. CCPs may be used as: structural fill for building sites and foundations; embankments for highways and railroads, road bases, dikes, and levees; and in any other application requiring a compacted fill material. Their low unit weight, relatively high shear strength, ease of handling, and compaction make CCPs useful as fill material. However, the specific engineering and environmental properties of these materials can vary from source to source and must be evaluated for each material, or combination of materials, to be used for an engineered structural fill. Information contained in Guide D5759 may be applicable to some CCPs to be used in engineered structural fills. AASHTO Standard Practice PP059-09-UL also addresses the use of coal combustion fly ash in embankments. The requirements for the type of CCPs that can be used for specific engineered structural fills may also vary because of local site conditions or the intended use of the fill, or both. Environmental considerations are addressed in Section 5.4.1.2 CCPs can be a cost-effective fill material. In many areas, they are available in bulk quantities at a reasonable cost. The use of CCPs conserves other resources and reduces the expenditures required for the purchase, permitting, and operation of a soil borrow pit. CCPs often can be delivered to a job site at near optimum moisture content and generally do not require additional crushing, screening, or processing as compared to comparable native materials.4.1.3 Use of CCPs conserves natural resources by avoiding extraction or mining of soils, aggregates, or similar fill material that also conserves energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.4.1.4 The volume of beneficially used CCPs preserves valuable landfill space.4.2 Regulatory Framework: 4.2.1 Federal—Currently, there are no federal regulations addressing the beneficial use of CCPs. States and local jurisdictions have oversight of CCP management and beneficial use activities within their states4.2.2 State and Local Jurisdictions—Laws and regulations regarding the use of CCPs vary by state and local jurisdictions. It is incumbent upon the project owner and designer to determine any local or state guidance, policies, or regulations pertaining to the use of CCPs.1.1 This guide covers procedures for the design and construction of engineered structural fills using coal combustion products (CCPs) including but not limited to fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag or other CCPs that can meet the requirements of an engineered fill as described herein. CCPs may be used alone or blended with soils or other suitable materials to achieve desired geotechnical properties.1.2 This guide describes the unique design and construction considerations that may apply to engineered structural fills constructed of with CCPs that have been adequately characterized as being suitable for this beneficial use.1.3 Beneficial utilization of CCPs consistent with this standard conserves land, natural resources, and1.4 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily by the combustion of coal.1.5 The testing, engineering, and construction practices for coal ash fills are similar to generally accepted practices for natural soil fills. Coal ash structural fills should be designed using generally accepted engineering practices. However, when CCPs are used in saturated conditions such as ponds or impoundments, the potential for liquefaction may need to be considered.1.6 Laws and regulations governing the use of coal ash vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable requirements.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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