5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. It is used to determine the ratio of the components without separating them from each other.5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as measured by Test Method E of Test Methods and Practices D2187 for cation-exchange resins, and Test Method H for anion-exchange resins. In the case of cation-exchange resins, these are styrene-based polymers with sulfonic acid functional groups. The anion-exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials with quaternary ammonium functional groups. The test method will determine the amount of anion-exchange material of any functionality present in the mixture. However, when anionic groups that are not salt-splitting are present, the values for cationic groups will be high due to the acidic character of the anion effluent. Cationic groups that do not split salts are not measured.5.3 Samples are analyzed in this test method as received. It is not necessary that the cation-exchanging resin be in the hydrogen form and the anion-exchanging resin be in the hydroxide form for this test method.5.4 This test method may be used to determine if new materials are balanced to meet their specification values. In operating regenerable units, it may be used to determine if the components are separating properly or remixing properly. It may also be used to check for improper balance in bedding or for loss of a component during operation.5.5 This test method begins with the conversion to the hydrogen and chloride forms. However, it may be combined with the determination of the residual chloride and sulfate sites by elution with sodium nitrate as described in Test Methods J and L in Test Methods and Practices D2187. In such cases the hydrogen ion as well as the chloride ion is determined in the second sodium nitrate elution described in Test Method I of Test Methods and Practices D2187, and the calculations given herein are made using the titration values so determined.1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange material.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide recommends practices and solutions for global supply chain information exchange for substances, preparations, and articles as identified by REACH. The first five annexes of REACH guidance standards serve as a central repository for REACH industry guidance that spans industry sectors and facilitates collaboration across complex global supply chains. Annexes 6-9 provide key EU guidance on information exchange in the supply chain.5.2 Section 6 outlines the information that is to be exchanged in the supply chain both in the upstream and downstream directions.1.1 This guide will assist companies that manufacture, buy, or sell, or both, substances, preparations, and articles to ensure that supply chains comply with the European Union’s Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. This is accomplished by identifying the specific information elements that must be specified, requested and exchanged in communication between actors in the supply chain.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.1.1 These practices2 cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:  SectionsPractice A—Sampling from a Single Package and Multiple Package Lots or Shipments  4 to 11Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room  12 to 16Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange Equipment Having Restricted Head Room  17 to 211.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide has been developed to facilitate communications between agencies involved in the delivery of emergency medical services. This guide is intended to be applied by agencies providing emergency medical services to improve their communications with EMS support agencies. It recommends necessary communication before, during, and after an EMS event.1.1 This guide covers the planning, operations, and evaluation phases of interagency communications as part of a comprehensive EMS system.1.2 This is a guide for interagency communications within an EMS system. Interagency communications involves the EMS responder and support agencies whose primary mission is not to deliver prehospital emergency medical care.1.3 The primary focus of this guide is to address interagency communications necessary for ongoing EMS responses.1.4 The guide also addresses interagency communications in any major EMS incident, including man-made or natural disasters.1.5 The recommendations for drills/exercises for the evaluation of interagency communications during an EMS event are also incorporated into this guide.1.6 Additional information can be found in Guide F1220 and Refs (1-5).21.7 The sections in this guide appear in the following sequence:  SectionIntroduction   1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4Procedure 5Rationale Appendix X1Keywords 6References  1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Uranium and plutonium are used in nuclear reactor fuel and must be analyzed to ensure that they meet acceptance criteria for isotopic composition as described in Specifications C833 and C1008. The criteria are set by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and end user (or between buyer and seller). This standard practice is used to separate chemically the isobaric interferences from 238U and 238Pu and from 241Am and 241Pu, and from other impurities prior to isotopic abundance determination by TIMS.5.2 In facilities where perchloric acid use is authorized, the separation in Test Method C698 may be used prior to isotopic abundance determination. Uranium and plutonium content as well as isotopic abundances using TIMS can be determined by using this separation practice and by following Test Methods C698, C1625, or C1672.1.1 This practice is an alternative to Practice C1411 for the ion exchange separation in small mass samples (~5 μg of plutonium and up to 0.5 mg of uranium in 1 mL of solution) of uranium and plutonium from each other and from other impurities for subsequent isotopic abundance and content analysis by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). In addition to being adapted to smaller sample sizes, this practice also avoids the use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) and does not require the use of two anion exchange columns as required in Practice C1411.1.2 In chemically unseparated samples isobaric nuclides at mass 238 (238U and 238Pu), and mass 241 (241Pu and 241Am) will be measured together thus compromising the accuracy of the results of isotopic composition of Pu. Therefore, chemical separation of elements is essential prior to isotopic analyses. Concentrations and volumes given in the paragraphs below can be modified for larger sample sizes, different types of anion exchange resin, etc.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide establishes a formalism for transferring corrosion test data between computer systems in different laboratories. It will be used by standards developers to specify the format of files containing test results.4.2 This guide defines a generic approach to structuring data files. It will be used by software developers to create programs which read and write these files.4.3 Each standard test procedure will define a unique data file derived from this guide. Each time a standard test is performed, the results can be summarized in a data file specific to that test.4.4 Some experimental information will be global, that is, common to several standards, and will be contained in Guide G107 and other global data dictionaries. Other information will be local, that is, unique to a given standard, and will be defined in that standard.1.1 This guide covers the techniques used to encode corrosion of metals test results for exchange between computer systems.1.2 Guidelines are given for creating a data exchange appendix for each ASTM corrosion of metals standard.1.3 Instructions are given for creating data translation software from the contents of the data exchange appendix.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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One of the major factors in the unsatisfactory performance of anion exchange resins is their fouling by organic material. Knowledge of the degree of fouling can be used to assess the condition of the resin and may indicate the need for pretreatment of the influent, remedial cleaning procedures, or resin replacement.It is recognized that this test method may not remove and detect cation sloughage products or declumping agents. It is not intended to remove all organic compounds from the resin.Since the chemical structures of organics compounds fouling the resin are generally unknown and are expressed only on the basis of their carbon content, interpretation of test results to form a basis for predictions for resin performance or cleaning procedures should be approached with caution.Samples may be taken before or after plant regeneration, or both, depending on the type of information desired. This decision is left to the judgment of the user.1.1 This test method provides a general estimate of the organic fouling of an anion exchange resin based upon total organic carbon measurements.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 8.3.

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5.1 This test method can be a useful diagnostic tool in measuring the impurities and detecting their sources in high purity water, boiler feed water and steam condensate of high pressure power plants, and in the process water of certain industries requiring high purity water. 5.2 The measurement of such impurities is most important to these industries since plant outages or product contamination can result from events such as condenser leakage. Also, water quality deviations can occur from condensate polishing and makeup water equipment malfunctions. 5.3 The continuous measurement and trends provided by this test method are of particular interest and can indicate the need for corrections in water treating or operating procedures and equipment. The equipment for this test method can be considered more rugged and adaptable to installation under plant operating conditions than the more accurate laboratory methods, such as ion chromatography and atomic absorption. 1.1 This on-line test method includes hydrogen exchange and degassing by heating or gas stripping and provides means for determining anions (such as Cl−, SO4—, NO3−, and F−) at levels as low as 2 μg/L (2 ppb) and carbon dioxide at the level of 0.01 to 10 mg/L (ppm) at 25°C in high purity water and in steam and water samples in power plants by measuring electrical conductivity. 1.2 The conductivity of all anions (except OH−) is determined and not the conductivity of an individual anion if more than one is present. If only one anion is present (such as Cl− or SO4—−), reference to Section 4, Table 1 and Table 2 or Figs. 1-3 provides the chloride or sulfate and CO2 concentration. 1.3 This test method has been improved in accuracy by using a modern microprocessor instrument for conductivity and temperature measurement and appropriate temperature compensation algorithms for compensation, by using final sample cooling to 25°C, or both. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method can be used for evaluating performance of commercially available anion-exchange materials regardless of the basic strength of the ion exchange groups. When previous operating history is known, a good interpretation of resin fouling or malfunction can be obtained by comparison against a reference sample of unused ion-exchange material evaluated in the same way.5.2 While resistivity has been chosen as the preferred analytical method for defining the exhaustion end point, with titration as the alternative, it is understood that observation of pH during rinse and the service run can yield useful information. The variations in pH observed with an ion exchange material suspected of having degraded, can be helpful in interpretation of performance when compared with similar data for a reference sample of unused material exhausted in the same way.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the operating capacity of anion-exchange materials when used for the removal of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid from water. It is designed to simulate operating conditions for strong acid removal and is intended for use in testing both new and used materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Capturing high quality RAM performance data requires careful and consistent collection of equipment failure and repair data, operating hours, and repair time. A standard hierarchy of equipment boundaries has been needed for machinery data exchange among the stakeholders in shipbuilding, ship classification, and ship operations.4.2 Industry and government will use a world standard method for setting the hierarchy of indentures and boundaries required for assigning failure and repair events to equipment for the tracking and calculation of equipment RAM performance.4.3 Agreed boundaries and equipment identifiers make it possible to share equipment data among organizations, benchmark equipment performance, perform modeling and simulation of current and proposed systems, or use performance data to improve operations of commercial and naval vessels.4.4 RAM analysis is primarily based on the observation of individual components among which identical items contribute to the same data sample. This classification is designed to be used for the identification of individual (unique) components in such a way that identical components can be identified within a given data sample.1.1 This classification is to serve as an international standard for marine equipment nomenclature, taxonomy, hierarchical data structure, unique identifiers, and boundary definition for the consistent acquisition and exchange of equipment RAM performance data. The standard addresses the classification of mechanical and software products.1.2 RAM in an acronym for Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability where:1.2.1 Reliability is the probability that an item can perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval (t1, t2). It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to perform this required function at the beginning of the time interval.1.2.2 Availability is the probability that an item is in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time, assuming that the required external resources are provided.1.2.3 Maintainability is the probability that a given active maintenance action, for an item under given conditions of use can be carried out within a stated time interval, when the maintenance is performed under stated conditions and using stated procedures and resources.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The presence of water extractables in ion-exchange resins can cause fouling of other materials downstream and contamination of process water. The quantity of water extractables is sometimes used as a specification to indicate resin quality, and typical values are 0.01 to 0.1 %.5.2 It is recognized that this test method may not remove all potential sloughage products and does not measure volatile compounds. More extensive extraction and identification of compounds may be needed in specific cases.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water soluble extractable residue from particulate ion-exchange resins based on elevated temperature extraction and gravimetric determination of residue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice provides a common format that allows a computer design system to generate data that an output device can accurately reproduce independent of the hardware manufacturer.1.1 This practice describes a data format for transferring information from a sewn product computer aided design software program to a device that produces physical output, typically in the form of a printed or drawn image on paper.1.2 This practice is based on a subset of the Hewlett Packard Graphics Language HPGL/2. Supported syntax and limitations are listed in 7.2. Unsupported syntax is listed in X1.1.1.3 This practice only supports X-Y vector data and a limited set of additional functions. No provision is made to support bitmap/raster data used in applications like inkjet printing.1.4 This practice supports a single system of units, an image fixed at 100 % scale and 1:1 aspect ratio. Scaling and custom unit systems are not supported.1.5 This practice does not support curve interpolation or definitions. All curves are represented by discrete vectors (stroked) and are dependent on the resolution of the CAD software.1.6 This practice requires that all coordinates are absolute, not relative, as defined in the HPGL/2 reference.1.7 This practice only supports positive coordinates that are measured from a single X-Y origin point with coordinates 0,0.1.8 This practice only supports fixed width fonts. Variable width fonts are not supported.1.9 This practice intends to transfer a static image with no provision for editing.1.10 This practice assumes monochromatic output. It does not support implied output colors.1.11 This practice imposes no limits on the width or length of the plot data. Physical limitations imposed by the hardware and their effects on the output are the responsibility of the hardware manufacturer.1.12 This practice does not support frame advance commands or any methods that insert multiple origin points or floating coordinate systems.1.13 This practice limits the plot file to contain a single block of data demarked by a compatible header and terminator. Multiple blocks of data in a single file are not allowed.1.14 The intended application of this practice is limited to the class of output devices found in the sewn product industries that produce apparel, textiles, upholstery, and others that use soft or semi-rigid materials.1.15 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Fine-grained soils are used in waste containment systems as barriers to flow and contaminant transport. Liquids contained by these barriers can contain ions that may interact with the mineral surfaces in fine-grained soils.4.2 The liquid passing through the pores of fine-grained soil can interact with the mineral surface, and affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. This method can be used as part of an evaluation of these interactions.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard depends on the competence of the personnel performing the test and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.1 This test method describes the procedures for measuring the soluble and bound cations as well as the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of fine-grained inorganic soils. Clay minerals in fine-grained soils carry a negative surface charge that is balanced by bound cations near the mineral surface. These bound cations can be exchanged by other cations in the pore water, which are referred to as soluble cations. The cation exchange capacity is a measure of the negative surface charge on the mineral surface. The CEC generally is satisfied by calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K), although other cations may be present depending on the environment in which the soil exists. This test method was developed from concepts described previously in Lavkulich (1981) (1)2 and Rhoades (1982) (2). In soils with appreciable gypsum or calcite, dissolution of these minerals will release Ca in solution that may affect the measurement.1.2 In this test method, the soluble salts from the mineral surface are washed off with de-ionized water and then the concentration of soluble salts within the extract is measured. The bound cations of the clay are measured by using a solution containing an index ion that forces the existing cations in the bound layer into solution. The total concentrations of bound and soluble cations in this solution are measured. The CEC is measured by displacing the index ion with another salt solution and measuring the amount of the displaced index ion.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. The procedures in Practice D6026 that are used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the objectives of the user. Increasing or reducing the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations is common practice. Consideration of the significant digits to be used in analysis methods for engineering design is beyond the scope of this standard.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed bed ion exchange cartridges for conformance to specifications.5.2 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end point.5.3 The test method as written assumes that the ion exchange resins in the cartridge are either partially or fully converted to the H+ or OH– form. Regeneration of the resins is not part of this method.5.4 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity on a cartridge basis.5.5 This test method may be used to test different size mixed bed resin cartridges. The flow rate of test water and the frequency of sampling are varied to compensate for the approximate volume of resin in the test cartridge.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of mixed bed ion exchange resin cartridges in the active form when used for deionization. The test can be used to determine the initial capacity of unused cartridges or the remaining capacity of used cartridges. In this case performance is defined as ion exchange capacity (or throughput) to two defined endpoints. The method does not measure organics and does not attempt to determine the ultimate water quality attainable by the cartridge.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Computers are becoming an integral part of each testing laboratory. A variety of automated test devices which collect and store data now exist. A variety of software programs to perform calculations and produce reported results are used. There is no consistency in the formats used to store data. Consequently, it is time consuming and expensive to exchange computerized test data files among organizations. This guide presents a standard yet versatile format that can be used to exchange data across systems. This guide defines the principal data elements that are considered important and worth recording and storing permanently in a computerized data storage system from which larger databases may be prepared. These data elements are not intended to be requirements of any specific or single database. The format permits only those elements that a specific user may require. Additional data elements may be added using the general outline of this guide. Those elements must be added in a manner consistent with the definitions in this guide, such that a computer program written to follow this guide can successfully read the entire data file, including one that contains data elements not identified in this guide. This guide does not define how to obtain and record specific data. That activity is covered by each specific test method. This guide may be incomplete for some applications. It is intended that additions to the formats will be made as requests come from each ASTM subcommittee responsible for a particular standard. Those additions will be made without rendering older files unreadable. The recommended format in this guide does not require that all data elements be included in the data base. A user may elect to omit any data element without affecting the ability of the file format structure to work. However, those elements that are required in the report section of the relevant ASTM standard should be included in the standardized data file. Following ASTM recommended practice, all data are stored in SI units. 1.1 This guide covers recommended data formats for the exchange of mechanical test data for soils and rocks. From this guide, a standardized file of data can be prepared that can be read by others who use this guide.1.2 The format specified in this guide is used for the exchange of data between computer programs, users, agencies, etc. It is not necessary that test data for internal use be stored in this format, only that a program adhering to this guide have the capability to read, or write test data in this format, or both.1.3 This guide does not cover digital geospacial data which is treated Specification D 5714.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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