5.1 The energy input rate test is used to confirm that the griddle is operating properly prior to further testing.5.2 The temperature uniformity of the cooking surface is used by food service operators to choose a griddle that provides a uniform temperature distribution.5.3 Preheat energy and time can be useful to food service operators to manage power demands and to know how rapidly the griddle can be ready for operation.5.4 Idle energy rate and pilot energy rate can be used to estimate energy consumption during non-cooking periods.5.5 Cooking energy efficiency is a precise indicator of griddle energy performance under various loading conditions. This information enables the food service operator to consider energy performance when selecting a griddle.5.6 Production capacity is used by food service operators to choose a griddle that matches their food output requirements.1.1 This test method evaluates the energy consumption and cooking performance of griddles. The food service operator can use this evaluation to select a griddle and understand its energy efficiency and production capacity.1.2 This test method is applicable to thermostatically controlled, single-source (bottom) gas and electric griddles.1.3 The griddle can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):1.3.1 Energy input rate (10.2),1.3.2 Temperature uniformity across the cooking surface and accuracy of the thermostats (10.3),1.3.3 Preheat energy and time (10.4),1.3.4 Idle energy rate (10.5),1.3.5 Pilot energy rate (10.6),1.3.6 Cooking energy rate and efficiency (10.7), and1.3.7 Production capacity and cooking surface temperature recovery time (10.7).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method for the analysis of aluminum and aluminum alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with The Aluminum Association Inc.5 registered composition limits or other specified composition limits for aluminum and aluminum alloys.5.2 It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.5.3 This is a performance-based test method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions should include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria.1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis of aluminum and aluminum alloys for the following elements:Elements Application Range, %Minimum MaximumSi 0.02 16.8Fe 0.02 3.06Cu 0.005 7.0Mn 0.003 1.41Mg 0.006 8.2Cr 0.004 0.52Ni 0.004 2.71Zn 0.02 9.65Ti 0.009 0.20Ag 0.003 0.4As 0.005 0.012B 0.009 0.027Ba 0.002 0.03Be 0.002 0.11Bi 0.01 0.59Ca 0.003 0.048Cd 0.002 0.055Co 0.002 0.034Ga 0.01 0.019Li 0.001 2.48Mo 0.02 0.15Na 0.008 0.026P 0.01 0.025Pb 0.009 0.51Sb 0.01 0.28Sc 0.01 0.065Sn 0.008 6.28Sr 0.0008 0.028Ti 0.005 0.20Tl 0.009 0.13V 0.01 0.12Zr 0.004 0.251.2 This test method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different composition ranges if method validation, which includes evaluation of method sensitivity and precision and bias (as described in Section 14), is performed. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials and/or spike recoveries. The user should carefully evaluate the validation data against the laboratory’s data quality objectives. Method validation of scope extensions is also a requirement of ISO/IEC 17025.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Safety hazard statements are given in Section 10 and specific warning statements are given in Sections 15, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21.

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5.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the structural performance, under concentrated loads, of roof and floor sheathing, separate from the effects of the framing, under simulated conditions representative of those in actual service.5.2 The procedures are intended to be applied to roof or floor sheathing materials installed directly to framing. They are not intended for the evaluation of the framed assembly as a whole.1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the resistance to deflection and damage of floor and roof sheathing used in site-built construction subjected to concentrated static loads as well as impact loads from nonrigid blunt objects. It is applicable to wood and wood-based panels and boards, but is not intended to cover profiled metal decks, nor precast or cast-in-place slabs. Surface indentation is not evaluated separately from deflection.1.2 Three applications are covered: roof sheathing, subfloors, and single floors. Roof sheathing is tested in both a dry and a wet condition, while subfloors and single floors are both tested in a dry condition, as well as a condition of having dried out after being wet. These moisture conditions are those commonly experienced with site-built construction.NOTE 1: Where it is anticipated that sheathing will be subjected only to dry conditions during construction and use, or else to greater moisture exposure than is indicated in 7.3.2, the corresponding exposure conditions may be modified by agreement between the interested parties. For example, shop-built construction may be tested dry only, although the possibility of exposure to high humidity or leaks and flooding during use should be considered.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice can be used to quantify the performance of a process stream analyzer system or its subsystem in terms of precision and bias relative to those of a primary test method for the property of interest.5.2 This practice provides developers or manufacturers of process stream analyzer systems with useful procedures for evaluating the capability of newly designed systems for industrial applications that require reliable prediction of measurements of a specific property by a primary test method of a flowing component or product.5.3 This practice provides purchasers of process stream analyzer systems with some reliable options for specifying acceptance test requirements for process stream analyzer systems at the time of commissioning to ensure the system is capable of making the desired property measurement with the appropriate precision or bias specifications, or both.5.4 PPTMR from Analyzer Systems validated in accordance with this practice can be used to predict, with a specified confidence, what the PTMR would be, to within a specified tolerance, if the actual primary test method was conducted on the materials that are within the validated property range and type.5.5 This practice provides the user of a process stream analyzer system with useful information from on-going quality control charts to monitor the variation in δ over time, and trigger update of correlation relationship between the analyzer system and primary test method in a timely manner.5.6 Validation information obtained in the application of this practice is applicable only to the material type and property range of the materials used to perform the validation. Selection of the property levels and the compositional characteristics of the samples must be suitable for the application of the analyzer system. This practice allows the user to write a comprehensive validation statement for the analyzer system including specific limits for the validated range of application. This practice does not recommend extrapolation of validation results beyond the material type and property range used to obtain these results. In addition, users are cautioned that for measurement systems that show matrix dependencies, bias information determined from pure compounds or simple mixtures of pure compounds may not be representative of that achieved on actual process or product samples.1.1 This practice describes procedures and methodologies based on the statistical principles of Practice D6708 to validate whether the degree of agreement between the results produced by a total analyzer system (or its subsystem), versus the results produced by an independent test method that purports to measure the same property, meets user-specified requirements. This is a performance-based validation, to be conducted using a set of materials that are not used a priori in the development of any correlation between the two measurement systems under investigation. A result from the independent test method is herein referred to as a Primary Test Method Result (PTMR).1.1.1 The degree of agreement described in 1.1 can be either for PPTMRs and PTMRs measured on the same materials, or for PPTMRs measured on basestocks and PTMRs measured on these same basestocks after constant level additivation.1.1.2 In some cases, a two-step procedure is employed. In the first step, the analyzer and PTM are applied to the measurement of the same blendstock material. If the analyzer employed in Step 1 is a multivariate spectrophotometric analyzer, then Practice D6122 is used to access the agreement between the PPTMRs and the PTMRs for this first step. Otherwise, this practice is used to compare the PPTMRs to the PTMRs measured for this blendstock to determine the degree of agreement. In a second step, the PPTMRs produced in Step 1 are used as inputs to a second model that predicts the results obtained when the PTM is applied to the analysis of the finished blended product. Since this second step does not use analyzer readings, the validation of the second step is done independently. Step 2 is only performed on valid Step 1 results. Note that the second model might accommodate variable levels or multiple material additions to the blendstock.1.2 This practice assumes any correlation necessary to mitigate systemic biases between the analyzer system and PTM have been applied to the analyzer results. See Guide D7235 for procedures for establishing such correlations.1.3 This practice assumes any modeling techniques employed have the necessary tuning to mitigate systemic biases between the analyzer PPTMR and PTMR have been applied to the model results. Model form and tuning is not covered by this practice, only the validation of the model output.1.4 This practice requires that both the primary method against which the analyzer is compared to, and the analyzer system under investigation, are in statistical control. Practices described in Practice D6299 should be used to ensure this condition is met.1.5 This practice applies if the process stream analyzer system and the primary test method are based on the same measurement principle(s), or, if the process stream analyzer system uses a direct and well-understood measurement principle that is similar to the measurement principle of the primary test method. This practice also applies if the process stream analyzer system uses a different measurement technology from the primary test method, provided that the calibration protocol for the direct output of the analyzer does not require use of the PTMRs (see Case 1 in Note 1).1.6 This practice does not apply if the process stream analyzer system utilizes an indirect or mathematically modeled measurement principle such as chemometric or multivariate analysis techniques where PTMRs are required for the chemometric or multivariate model development. Users should refer to Practice D6122 for detailed validation procedures for these types of analyzer systems (see Case 2 in Note 1).NOTE 1: For example, for the measurement of benzene in spark ignition fuels, comparison of a Mid-Infrared process analyzer system based on Test Method D6277 to a Test Method D3606 gas chromatography primary test method would be considered Case 1, and this practice would apply. For each sample, the Mid-Infrared spectrum is converted into a single analyzer result using methodology (Test Method D6277) that is independent of the primary test method (Test Method D3606). However, when the same analyzer uses a multivariate model to correlate the measured Mid-Infrared spectrum to Test Method D3606 reference values using the methodology of Practice D8321, it is considered Case 2 and Practice D6122 applies. In this case 2 example, the direct output of the analyzer is the spectrum, and the conversion of this multivariate output to an analyzer result require use of Practice D6122, hence it is not independent of the primary test method.1.7 Performance Validation is conducted by calculating the precision and bias of the differences between results from the analyzer system (or subsystem) after the application of any necessary correlation, (such results are herein referred to as Predicted Primary Test Method Results (PPTMRs)), versus the PTMRs for the same sample set. Results used in the calculation are for samples that are not used in the development of the correlation. The calculated precision and bias are statistically compared to user-specified requirements for the analyzer system application.1.7.1 For analyzers used in product release or product quality certification applications, the precision and bias requirement for the degree of agreement are typically based on the site or published precision of the Primary Test Method.NOTE 2: In most applications of this type, the PTM is the specification-cited test method.1.7.2 This practice does not describe procedures for establishing precision and bias requirements for analyzer system applications. Such requirements must be based on the criticality of the results to the intended business application and on contractual and regulatory requirements. The user must establish precision and bias requirements prior to initiating the validation procedures described herein.1.8 Two procedures for validation are described: the line sample procedure and the validation reference material (VRM) injection procedure.1.9 Only the analyzer system or subsystem downstream of the VRM injection point or the line sample extraction point is being validated by this practice.1.10 The line sample procedure is limited to applications where material can be safely withdrawn from the sampling point of the analyzer unit without significantly altering the property of interest.1.10.1 The line sample procedure is the primary option for when the validation is for (2b) materials including effect from additional treatment to the material.1.11 Validation information obtained in the application of this practice is applicable only to the type and property range of the materials used to perform the validation.1.12 Two types of validation are described: General Validation, and Level Specific Validation. These are typically conducted at installation or after major maintenance once the system mechanical fitness-for-use has been established.1.12.1 General Validation is based on the statistical principles and methodology of Practice D6708. In most cases, General Validation is preferred, but may not always be possible if the variation in validation materials is insufficient. General Validation will validate analyzer operation over a wider operating range than Level Specific Validation.1.12.2 When the variation in available validation materials is insufficient to satisfy the requirements of Practice D6708, a Level Specific Validation is done to validate analyzer operation over a limited range.1.12.3 The validation outcome are considered valid only within the range covered by the validation material Data from several different Validations (general or level-specific) can potentially be combined for use in a General Validation.1.13 Procedures for the continual validation of system performance are described. These procedures are typically applied at a frequency commensurate with the criticality of the application.1.14 This practice does not address procedures for diagnosing causes of validation failure.1.15 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.16 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This reference radiograph covers a series of test targets suitable for evaluating, quantifying, and documenting performance parameters of the radiographic digitization process or the electronic image reconstruction process, or both. This reference radiograph can be used for visual and electronic analysis of digitization systems.1.2 This reference radiograph provides a series of test targets to provide a vehicle for the evaluation of spatial resolution, density contrast sensitivity, dynamic range, and spatial linearity, as well as other aspects of a digitization system. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitization system with a spatial resolution down to ∼1/1000 in. (25 micrometres (μm)), a density contrast sensitivity down to 0.02 optical density (OD), a density range of 0.5 to 4.5 OD, and a film size capacity of 14 in. (355 mm) wide by 17 in. (431 mm) long.1.3 From time to time, there may be minor changes to the process for manufacturing of the reference adjunct film. These changes could include changes in the films or processing chemistry used, text designation on the film, etc.; however, in all cases, these changes are reviewed by the Illustration Monitoring Subcommittee to ensure that there are no changes to the functional use of the reference image. Therefore, the adjunct reference films remain valid for use with this standard regardless of the date of production or the revision level of the text standard.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of the spatial resolution targets (6.2 and 6.7) which are stated in SI units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide establishes test conditions that will provide a measured oil recovery rate and efficiency for a skimmer operating in drift ice.4.2 End users need a procedure to quantify optimum performance data for planning and selection of equipment.4.3 The procedure in this guide will assist in verifying and accurately reporting skimmer system performance.4.4 Tests will be conducted under well documented conditions and provide repeatable results. Other detailed testing and collection of skimmer performance data are covered under existing standards (see Guide F631 and Test Method F2709).1.1 This guide defines a procedure and measurement criteria to quantify the recovery rate and efficiency of a stationary skimmer system in drift ice conditions.1.2 The suggested procedure and test parameters are intended to provide conditions typical of relatively sparse drift ice and relatively dense drift ice coverage.1.3 It is accepted that the recovery rate as determined by this guide will not likely be achievable under actual conditions of a spill. The procedure in this guide does not account for such issues as changing recovery conditions, number of daylight hours, operator downtime, less than ideal control of skimmer settings, and inclement weather.1.4 The procedure in this guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by necessary permits and regulations for the use and disposal of test oil.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The plastic Petri plate (carrier) provides a closed system for enumeration and easy application of a pre-saturated or impregnated antimicrobial towelette by an analyst.5.2 Aliquoting of sterile 5 % non-heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (five 10 µL spots) onto soiled carriers and inoculation of final test suspension onto treated carriers (five 10 µL spots) is conducted using a template and a positive displacement pipette, thereby ensuring a precise inoculum level and uniform distribution of soil and final test suspension.5.3 A single towelette is tested per 2-carrier set, eliminating the likelihood of cross contamination between carriers.5.4 The corkscrew-patterned circular motion of the product application (wipe outside to inside, wipe inside to outside using the wiping template; see Annex A3 – Annex A6) ensures uniform coverage and contact of disinfectant with the inoculated surface.5.5 The addition of neutralizer to the treated carriers at the end of the contact time results in neutralization of the test substance. This standard test method provides a procedure for performing neutralization verification to confirm that the microbicidal, microbistatic, or both types of activity of a test substance has been reduced by 50 % at the end of the contact time (see Annex A1 for neutralization verification procedure).5.6 The design of this standard test method minimizes any loss of viable organisms through carrier wash-off.5.7 It is optional to adjust (dilution in PBS) the inoculum to achieve desired control counts of 5.0 log10 CFU/carrier to 6.5 log10 CFU/carrier.5.8 Include, where applicable, comparisons of the test to other similar procedures such as Practices E1054 and E2362.1.1 This test method quantitatively determines the effectiveness of various sizes of antimicrobial towelettes in treating hard, non-porous surfaces against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate towelettes for antimicrobial efficacy against additional microorganisms (with necessary modifications).1.2.1 This test method does not differentiate between chemical inactivation of the test microbe and mechanical removal of inoculum from a surface; rather, product efficacy is considered a combination of both attributes of a towelette-based formulation.1.3 This test method involves the use of hazardous materials, chemicals, and infectious microorganisms and therefore should be performed only by those trained in microbiological techniques in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at the appropriate biosafety level, a BSL-2 or higher laboratory; specifications provided in the “Biosafety for Biomedical and Microbiological Laboratories” (BMBL), 6th edition (BMBL).1.4 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP Standards—For example, 40 CFR, Part 160 of FIFRA) are required and to follow them when appropriate.1.5 Strict adherence to the protocol is necessary for the validity of the test results.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide is intended to evaluate performance assessment of combinations of phased-array probes and instruments. It is not intended to define performance and acceptance criteria, but rather to provide data from which such criteria may be established.5.2 Recommended procedures described in this guide are intended to provide performance-related measurements that can be reproduced under the specified test conditions using simple targets and the phased-array test system itself. It is intended for phased-array flaw detection instruments operating in the nominal frequency range of 1 MHz to 20 MHz, but the procedures are applicable to measurements on instruments utilizing significantly higher frequency components.5.3 This guide is not intended for service calibration, or maintenance of circuitry for which the manufacturer’s instructions are available.5.4 Implementation of specific assessments may require more detailed procedural instructions in a format of the using facility.5.5 The measurement data obtained may be employed by users of this guide to specify, describe, or provide performance criteria for procurement and quality assurance, or service evaluation of the operating characteristics of phased-array systems.5.6 Not all assessments described in this guide are applicable to all systems. All or portions of the guide may be used as determined by the user.1.1 This guide covers procedures for evaluating some performance characteristics of phased-array ultrasonic examination instruments and systems.1.2 Evaluation of these characteristics is intended to be used for either comparing instruments and systems or, by periodic repetition, for detecting long-term changes in the characteristics of a given instrument or system. Significant changes may be indicative of impending failure, and, if beyond certain limits, will require corrective maintenance. Some electronic instrument characteristics in phased-array units are similar to non-phased-array units and may be measured as described in Practice E1065 or Guide E1324.1.3 Ultrasonic examination systems using pulsed-wave trains and A-scan presentation (rf or video) may be evaluated.1.4 This guide establishes no performance limits for examination systems; if such acceptance criteria are required, these shall be specified by the using parties. Where acceptance criteria are implied herein, they are for example only and are subject to more or less restrictive limits imposed by customer’s and end user’s controlling documents.1.5 The specific parameters to be evaluated, conditions, frequency of test, and report data required shall be determined by the user.1.6 This guide may be used for the evaluation of a complete examination system, including search unit, instrument, interconnections, scanner fixtures, connected alarm, and auxiliary devices. This guide is not intended to be used as a substitute for calibration or standardization of an instrument or system to inspect any given material.1.7 Required test apparatus includes selected test blocks and position encoders in addition to the instrument or system to be evaluated.1.8 Alternate procedures, such as examples described in this document, or others, may only be used with customer approval.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Methods such as D3273 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Chamber and D3274 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth or Soil or Dirt Accumulation provide means for assessing mold and algal staining on paints. The Test Method E1428 Evaluating the Performance of Antimicrobials in or on Polymeric Solids Against Staining by Streptomyces species (A Pink Stain Organism) is used for solid polymeric materials, but is not appropriate for all antimicrobial technologies.5.2 This test method provides a technique for evaluating antimicrobials in or on polymeric materials against staining by Streptomyces species and should assist in the prediction of performance of treated articles under actual field conditions.1.1 This test method is intended to assess susceptibility of polymer materials, as well as products that may directly contact the treated polymer, to staining by the Actinomycete Streptomyces species.1.2 This test method is also suitable for evaluating dark-pigmented test samples since the bacterial growth inhibition can be assessed.1.3 Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required. This test method should not be used by persons without at least basic microbiological training.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The freeze-down energy consumption and duration can be used to determine time and energy required for a freezer to be ready to serve when loaded with mix.5.2 The minimum dispensing interval determination is used to determine the rate at which the product will be dispensed during the Heavy-Use Energy Consumption and Production Capacity Test (10.5). Measuring overrun during this test is critical to determining production capacity rating in gallons per hour.5.3 Heavy-use energy consumption can be used by an operator to determine energy consumption during peak usage when selecting a soft-serve freezer. Measuring overrun during this test is critical to determining production capacity rating in gallons per hour.5.4 Production capacity can be used by an operator in selecting a soft-serve or shake freezer that meets their production requirements. Measuring overrun during this test is critical to determining production capacity rating in gallons per hour.5.5 Impact draw is used to determine the peak rate at which servable quality product (as defined in 10.2.5) can be dispensed from a soft-serve or shake freezer.5.6 Idle energy rate is a precise indicator of a soft serve freezer’s energy performance under a stabilized ready-to-serve operating condition. This information enables the food service operator to consider energy performance when selecting soft-serve or shake equipment.5.7 Stand-by (night mode) energy rate is a precise indicator of a soft-serve or shake freezer’s energy performance under a simulated overnight operating condition. This information enables the food service operator to consider energy performance when selecting soft-serve or shake equipment, if applicable.5.8 Heat Treat cycle energy consumption is a precise indicator of a soft serve or shake freezer’s energy performance when operated in a heat treatment cycle. This information can be used by an operator to consider the energy requirement of using a heat treat cycle, if applicable.1.1 This test method evaluates the energy consumption and performance of soft serve ice cream and shake freezers. The food service operator can use this test to evaluate and select an appropriate soft serve or shake freezer and understand its energy consumption and production capabilities.1.2 This test method applies to the following types of soft serve and shake freezers: (any of which may or may not have a reservoir for liquid mix). Included in these test methods are conventional and heat-treatment freezers. The unit may include separate refrigeration systems for the frozen product and fresh mix and may be either air-cooled or water-cooled.1.3 The soft serve/shake freezers will be tested for the following (where applicable):1.3.1 Maximum power input, or maximum current draw,1.3.2 Initial freeze-down energy consumption and duration,1.3.3 Heavy-use energy consumption,1.3.4 Production capacity,1.3.5 Overrun,1.3.6 Impact performance,1.3.7 Idle energy rate, and1.3.8 Heat treat cycle energy consumption (if applicable).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification describes and grades various levels of performance to provide standard criteria upon which to select suitable hasps and other attachment devices for padlocks and seals. Specially made hasps used by the Department of Defense or other highly sensitive applications are not covered by this specification. The tests specified are laboratory tests, and although they simulate field conditions as to attacks, they do not duplicate these conditions. Hasps that have special attributes not related to security may be used. Test specimen of each size and model shall be selected at random. Four hasps shall be selected for the forcing tests. Test apparatus preparation for the tensile loading device, shock impactor, and torque test fixture are detailed. Forcing tests includes the following: (1) staple axial load test, (2) hasp staple impact test, (3) hasp staple cutting test, and (4) hasp staple torque test. The test value requirements for the forcing tests are specified for the following grades: Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, and Grade 6. The impact fixture assembly including the mounting block, anvil assembly, and weight assembly; assemble torque fixture; staple axial load test fixture; and staple cutting fixture are illustrated in detail.1.1 This specification describes and grades various levels of performance to provide users of the standard with criteria upon which to select suitable hasps and other attachment devices. No effort has been made to include criteria for specially made hasps used by the Department of Defense or other highly sensitive applications.1.2 The tests described are laboratory tests, and although they simulate field conditions as to attacks, they do not duplicate these conditions. Tests described are repeatable in the laboratory.1.3 Some users of this standard may wish to use hasps that have special attributes not related to security.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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4.1 This test method can be used to make reliable and reproducible measurements in soil in the range from the detection level to the percent levels of each of seven explosive compounds.4.2 This test method does not attempt to quantify the reactivity or mobility of the explosive content, only the concentration of these compounds in the soil.4.3 This test method can be used to determine the extent of contamination resulting from the use, misuse, or spillage of explosive compounds. It is useful to determine the effectiveness of clean-up actions at disposal sites, and to determine the environmental impact at explosives disposal, manufacturing, or storage sites.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the laboratory determination of the concentration of nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives in soil. The explosives involved in this test method are as follows: HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitrol-1,3,5-triazine), TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), TNB (1,3,5 trinitrobenzene), DNB (1,3 dinitrobenzene), tetryl (methyl-2,4,6-trinitrophenylnitramine), and 2,4-DNT (2,4-dinitrotoluene).1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Retroreflective sheeting is commonly used to improve the nighttime visibility and legibility of traffic signs under vehicle headlight illumination. This standard provides a procedure for evaluating the nighttime retroreflective performance of sign sheeting used in roadway signing in terms of an overall average performance index for predefined road scenarios.5.2 A procedure to characterize the relationship between sign luminance supply and driver luminance demand at night without conducting field work helps traffic engineers and transportation agencies responsible for specifying highway construction materials and maintaining roadway safety in making informed decisions about the performance of retroreflective sheeting on the signs. The procedure requires the comprehensive measurement of the retroreflective properties of a sheeting according to Practice E809 over a wide range of angles.5.3 A variety of retroreflective sheeting is available for use on traffic signs. Coefficients of retroreflection are typically measured for a standard set of angle combinations and are used, in part, to certify conformance to a specification or standard. However, while coefficients of retroreflection on some standard angle sets can provide a general idea about a sheeting’s retroreflectivity and help certify conformance to a standard, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to determine how well a sheeting is expected to serve drivers in general, or in specific use-cases. Drivers of different vehicles viewing a multitude of signs in the real world experience a much more complex set of angular combinations than those captured in the standard angle sets. Furthermore, drivers observe luminance, which is affected by not only the coefficient of retroreflection, but also by headlight illumination, distance from the vehicle to the sign, and light attenuation, among other factors.5.4 This practice utilizes a set of driver sign viewing scenarios. When combined with the coefficients of retroreflection at the corresponding geometry, the luminance as observed by the driver is calculated. The luminance requirements of the driver for varying percentiles are also tabulated for the user. Comparing the luminance supply from the sign with the luminance demand of drivers provides an assessment of the expected “performance index” in each scenario.5.5 The data on the luminance needs of the driver represents the visual performance of a subset of legal drivers in the United States of 55 years of age or older and may not represent the visual performance of the entire driver demographics.1.1 This practice provides a framework to evaluate retroreflective sheeting performance in nighttime driving conditions without a need for field evaluations through a set of sign viewing scenarios representing common use-cases. The evaluation of performance of a specific sheeting is achieved by comparing the luminance provided by a sheeting to the luminance needed by drivers in each scenario. This comparison is expressed in terms of a “Performance Index,” which is a measure for how well the luminance provided to the driver meets their needs, in each of the scenarios. Comparison of the performance index values for different sheeting allows the user to predict differences in nighttime retroreflective performance when those sheeting are used on installed signs.1.2 The driver-needs data is based on textual signs (not on symbolic signs) with positive contrast (sign text being brighter than its background), and the headlamp illumination is assumed to be low-beams; therefore, performance index is applicable only to textual signs viewed under low-beam headlamp illumination.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The value stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method offers a laboratory means to compare the relative performances of baseball bats.Use of this test method can provide sports governing bodies a means to compare calculated batted-ball speed and other physical properties of the bats.1.1 This test method defines a method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR), deriving the bat performance factor (BPF), and calculating batted-ball speed (BBS). It is applicable to baseball bats of any construction or material. The test method provides a quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.1.2 The BBCOR, BPF, and BBS are each calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this test method.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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2.1 Thermal efficiency and heat rate are frequently utilized to evaluate the thermodynamic quality of fossil fuel-fired power plants.2 Evaluation of geothermal systems using similar definitions of thermal efficiency and heat rate is inappropriate, except for plants which operate on a cycle, such as binary plants. A utilization efficiency, defined as the ratio of net work output to the ideal work available from the geofluid, provides a more equitable basis for evaluation of the thermodynamic excellence of geothermal systems.1.1 This guide covers power plant performance terms and criteria for use in evaluation and comparison of geothermal energy conversion and power generation systems. The special nature of these geothermal systems makes performance criteria commonly used to evaluate conventional fossil fuel-fired systems of limited value. This guide identifies the limitations of the less useful criteria and defines an equitable basis for measuring the quality of differing thermal cycles and plant equipment for geothermal resources.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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