1.1 This consumer safety specification covers establishment of requirements, test methods, and marking requirements to promote safe use of an infant bouncer seat by an occupant and a caregiver.1.2 For purposes of this consumer safety specification, an infant bouncer seat is a freestanding product intended to support an occupant in a reclined position to facilitate bouncing by the occupant, with the aid of a caregiver or by other means. Intended occupants are infants who have not developed the ability to sit up unassisted (approximately 0 to 6 months of age).1.3 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize the risk of injury to an occupant resulting from normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of an infant bouncer seat.1.4 No infant bouncer seat produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 This consumer safety specification is not intended to address incidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with the occupant in an infant bouncer seat or the incidents resulting from abuse or misuse by other children.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers standards a manufacturer shall meet in the designing, manufacturing, testing, labeling, and documenting of cryosurgical medical instruments, but it is not to be construed as production methods, quality control techniques, or manufacturer's lot release criteria, or clinical recommendations.1.2 This specification represents the best currently available test procedures at this time and is a minimum safety and performance standard.1.3 This specification covers only those cryosurgical devices intended for use on humans or animals for therapeutic purposes. This specification assumes the user is well-trained in the procedures of cryosurgery and has the ability to determine if an abnormality is treatable by cryosurgery, particularly by the type of equipment to be used.1.4 Cryosurgical medical instruments produce low temperatures either inside a cryoprobe or directly on the target tissue by the principle of Latent Heat of Vaporization or the Joule-Thompson Effect, or both. The cryogen may be transported from the source as a liquid or a gas. These systems may be closed or open depending on the application and cryogen. In the open cryotip system, the cryogen is applied directly to the target tissue, while in the closed cryotip system, the cryogen is applied indirectly and is exhausted away from the target area.1.5 Cryosurgical medical instruments are used to produce cryonecrosis, inflammatory response, or cryoadhesion.1.6 Monitoring the progress of treatment during application is sometimes very important. Such monitoring is done by accessories that indicate the temperature of the cryotip or the target area being frozen. The temperature of the tissue may be measured directly (for example, by a thermocouple). These accessories are also covered by this specification.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Test Method portion, Sections 8 through 13, of this specification:This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification establishes the conformity assessment requirements for security systems and equipment. The design and testing requirements for a product’s conformity assessment are specified in the applicable ASTM performance standards developed by the ASTM F12 Committee on Security Systems and Equipment.1.2 Conformity assessment requirements ensure the consistent application of the ASTM performance standards and establishes requirements of the certification body’s accreditation process and operation of certification programs.1.3 Certification bodies, to acquire or maintain accreditation, shall meet and continue to meet the requirements established by this specification, including any matter incorporated by reference.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide may be used to provide a consistent method for determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.3.2 Use of this guide will help to maintain clearer, more consistent calculation and reporting of load ratios.3.3 It should be acknowledged that, while component load ratios are fairly straightforward to calculate, they are of limited value for estimating system load ratios. System load ratios are usually desired for field applications, but are more difficult to calculate accurately.1.1 This guide covers the general concept of determining safety factors for technical rescue equipment and systems.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 In the event of any conflict between the text of this guide and any references cited, the text of this guide takes preference.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Every person who is identified as a PS-RP shall have met the requirements of this guide.4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction who wish to identify the minimum training standards for PS-RP.4.3 This guide is only the first level of training for PS-RP personnel, and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to perform as a PS-RP.4.4 Nothing in this guide precludes a user of this guide from adding additional requirements for its own members. The US-specific examples are intended to establish a common frame of reference.4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a PS-RP, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.4.6 It is up to the training authority to determine the depth or detail of training to meet its needs. Terminologies and requirements for secondary or associated training should be task/specialization-specific—not all operators require all types and levels of training. This guide supports alternatives and subsets of knowledge requirements appropriate to the type of operation, when part of a documented training program according to Specification F3330.4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by the user.4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training a PS-RP. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.4.9 The knowledge, skill, and ability requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.1.1 This guide covers the minimum training requirements for public safety remote pilots (PS-RPs) as it relates to their general, field, and search specific knowledge and skills.1.2 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for sUAS operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels.)1.2.1 Basic remote piloting skills and knowledge are found in Guide F3266.1.3 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions outside of UAS teams.1.4 Further training may be required before a PS-RP can participate on a particular kind of UAS team, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority holding jurisdiction (AHJ).1.5 This guide is created without regard to the type of unmanned aircraft system or personal protective equipment that is used by a PS-RP individual. It is expected that all UAS are compliant with Specification F3298 or Specification F2910.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Interactions of items with the MR environment have resulted in serious injuries and death of patients and other individuals. This practice lists hazards that may be present in the MR environment. It specifies marking of items anticipated to enter the MR environment and recommends information that should be included in the associated labeling.4.2 This practice provides a uniform system of visual icons and terms for marking items for use in the MR environment.1.1 This practice applies to medical devices and other items that are anticipated to enter the magnetic resonance (MR) environment.NOTE 1: “Medical devices and other items” will be referred to as “items” for the remainder of this practice.1.2 The practice specifies the marking of items anticipated to enter the MR environment by means of terms and icons, and recommends information that should be included in the labeling.1.3 MR image artifacts are not in the scope of the mandatory portions of this practice because they do not present a direct safety issue resulting from specific characteristics of the MR examination (see X1.12).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimum safety performance requirements, test methods, and requirements for labeling and instructional material to minimize hazards to young children resulting from the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse and abuse of expansion gates and expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandable enclosures, or by any other name, which are in the scope of this consumer safety specification are intended for young children aged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section 3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined in Section 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confused with other types of gates or enclosures that may be specifically designed for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, or any other such use.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined in Section 3, that is, produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification either by label or other means, shall indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all the requirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclosures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to in this consumer safety specification as “gates” and “enclosures” unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The test method is intended to be used by sUAS manufacturers, sUAS operators, and CAAs to assess the safety of sUA impacts to people on the ground during operations involving flight over people.5.2 The test method provides a framework for creating new designs and evaluating existing designs to determine the sUA’s blunt force trauma injury potential to the head or neck, or both, during a collision with a person on the ground.5.3 Applicants can determine whether to use Methods A, B, C, or D based upon their specific sUA characteristics, flight operations, and CAA requirements. In some cases, sUA with low impact KE below 54 ft-lbf [73 J] may not require rigorous testing to ensure safety to the nonparticipating public and can use Method A. Vehicles with higher impact KEs should conduct impact testing using Method B, Method C, or Method D. Method B is simpler than Method C and, therefore, less costly for the applicant. Method B results may be more conservative since the test setup is more rigid and can result in an increase in the amount of energy transferred during the impact than the injury metrics established using a full ATD. Method C testing is costlier and schedule-intensive, but provides a higher level of certainty of the injury potential of the sUA and is more directly comparable to established automotive injury metrics and injury metrics derived from ATD testing and used by the governing CAA. Method D allows for the direct comparison to energy-based requirement of some CAAs.5.4 The output of Method A is a verification that the sUA or sUA with mitigation does not exceed the 54 ft-lbf impact KE throughout its flight envelope based upon flight test data as means of obtaining approval for flight over people for Category 2 or 3 operations for the FAA. Other governing CAAs may only require a weight metric or other impact energy metric in lieu of the 54 ft-lbf impact KE.5.5 The output from Methods B and C is a characterization of the forces (measured in acceleration of the head form or ATD) expected during an MPWC head impact as a function of sUA KE. For Method B, this result is compared to the minimum impact energy resulting in a skull fracture based solely upon peak acceleration to determine the impact KE associated with this injury based upon energy transfer. Method C testing is more rigorous and may be correlated to other standards for both head and neck injury (such as the FMVSS 208 or other automotive standards) to determine whether the sUA is sufficiently safe to operate in Category 2 and 3 Operations.8 By evaluating sUA KE in the MPWC orientation and a variety of ATD impacts, the applicant should assess the sUA for injury potential using the governing CAA injury thresholds. The limiting impact KE may establish the operational limits that correspond to that specific value. This test method proposes the use of the standards called out in the ASSURE impact tests conducted as part of Task A14.95.6 The output from Method D is a verification that the sUA does not exceed the comparison metrics associated with the transfer of energy resulting from the impact of a rigid object at a specified impact KE for the rigid impactor. The impact KE of the rigid impactor is determined by the CAA for different categories of operations over people. For example, an sUA meets this standard if its impact test results are lower than the rigid object test results.5.7 Outputs from Methods A, B, C, and D may be used in conjunction with governing CAA’s metrics for certifying the sUA for flight over people.1.1 This test method is applicable to small unmanned aircraft (sUA) that are limited in the United States in accordance with 14 CFR § 107.3 to be less than 55 lbf. The test method provides a standardized method for assessing the safety of sUA impacts with a person on the ground. Results from testing using Methods A, B, C, or D are intended to be used to support an applicant in obtaining permission from the governing Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) for flight over people. Approval of reports for the conduct of tests and the decision to grant permission rests with the governing CAA based upon adherence to the methodologies outlined in this test method.1.2 This test method is based on methods researched by the FAA Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) supported by the Alliance for System Safety of UAS through Research Excellence (ASSURE). These methods expand on extensive research and testing conducted by the automotive industry to support quantitative automotive passenger safety standards and testing and test data on sUA collected by ASSURE.1.3 The purpose of this test method is to define a method to establish confidence in the overall injury potential of a particular sUA configuration under probable failure conditions. This testing is not meant to simulate the worst possible impact for the most conservative set of the population. It is expected that CAAs should determine what injury thresholds are acceptable under their public policy and determine operational limitations for various operations by using the data from this testing in conjunction with the specific concept of operations proposed by the applicant.1.4 The test method provides four methods for evaluating the potential for impact injury: a simple analytical method, a simplified test, a more rigorous test, and a test method normed to approximate energy transfer values with appropriate safety margins applied to each approach to address uncertainty in each of the approaches.1.5 The applicant should understand the actual operating characteristics of their sUA before starting the process outlined in this test method. It is assumed that the applicant is able to substantiate the most probable, worst-case (MPWC) impact orientation of the sUA; typical and maximum operating heights and speeds; and terminal velocity of their sUA as a function of altitude to compare the results of the impact analysis with the proposed operation for the sUA. This test method is intended to supplement the verification requirements of Specification F3298 and Specification F3322, as well as a supplement to Specification F2910. This test method should not be used as a stand-alone document without consideration of other ASTM UAS standards.1.6 These methods assume that a blunt force head impact is the most likely injury mechanism leading to serious injury or fatalities. The level of blunt force injury to the head may be adjusted for various applications (such as sUA operations around first responders with helmets) and compared with the amount of force or load factor that the sUA transfers during a collision.1.7 Method B is not appropriate for foam-built fixed-wing sUA due to the stiffness of the FAA Hybrid III ATD Head and Neck. Until a different impactor can be developed for Method B, these sUA should use Method C or D for evaluation.1.8 Units—The values stated in either International System (SI) units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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