4.1 The safety margins provided in the design for a component or structure can be reduced throughout its service life by aging. Aging is the process by which the physical and mechanical characteristics of component or structure materials change with time or use; this process may proceed by a single aging mechanism or a combination of several aging mechanisms.4.2 The term “safety margin” is used in a broad sense, meaning the safety state (that is, integrity and functional capability) of components in excess of their normal operational requirements (1).34.3 The determination of mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of structural components is, hence, desirable for optimization of operating procedures and inspection intervals, as well as repair strategies and residual lifetime assessment. Current standardized mechanical tests require relatively large volumes of test material that cannot be extracted from in-service equipment without post-sampling removal repair (2).4.4 The need to obtain estimates of the mechanical properties of components without post-sampling removal repair has led to the development of small punch (SP) test techniques based on penetration/bulge tests of miniaturized test specimens (often disk-shaped, or square) (3, 4, 5). It can be considered as a quasi-nondestructive technique because of the very limited amount of material to be sampled. It is an efficient and cost-effective technique and has the potential to provide estimates of the material properties of the specific component, identifying the present state of damage and focusing on the most critical (most stressed, most damaged) locations in the component. Examples of empirical correlations that have been established between small punch test results and mechanical properties for specific classes of materials are provided in Appendix X1.4.5 This test method can be also used for identifying the most suitable materials with respect to their resistance against operational damage, like neutron irradiation, thermal aging etc., as well as for optimization of their chemical composition, thermal heat treatment, etc. This test method is beneficial in the study of the effect of radiation damage when test specimen dimensions are limited by small irradiation volume or high activity.4.6 Due to the small sample size, this test method also allows estimating mechanical properties of non-uniform materials such as welds (6). Examples of weld techniques that produce narrow geometric gradients include electron beam or laser beam welds, and metal coatings (7, 8). This test technique provides a more direct means of estimating material properties than indirect methods based on laboratory simulations of the localized regions or analytical predictions based on generalized methods.1.1 This test method covers procedures for conducting the small punch deformation test for metallic materials. The results can be used to derive estimates of yield and tensile strength up to 450 °C, and estimates of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature from the results of small punch bulge tests in the temperature range from -193 °C to 350 °C for iron based materials or 0.4 Tm for other metallic materials, where Tm is their melting temperature in K.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor parts.5.2 Induction period as determined under the conditions of this test method can be used as an indication of oxidation stability. This test method can be used for research and development, quality control, and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been determined between the results of this test method and service performance.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the oxidation stability of lubricating greases with a dropping point above the test temperature.1.2 This test method determines the resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers internationally accepted methods for the conducting static pressure system tests for “small” aircraft.1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective CAA body concerning the use of this practice as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this practice (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers internationally accepted methods for conducting safety assessments of systems and equipment for “small” aircraft.1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this practice as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this practice (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification applies to the flight control aspects of airworthiness and design for "small" aircraft. It establishes the Aircraft Type Code (ATC) compliance matrix based on airworthiness level, number of engines, type of engine(s), stall speed, cruise speed, meteorological conditions, altitude, and maneuvers. An ATC is defined by taking into account both the technical considerations regarding the design of the aircraft and the airworthiness level established based upon risk-based criteria. The requirements established by this specification for manual flight control cover control surface installation, operation and arrangement, control system stops, trim systems, control system locks, limit load static tests, operation tests, control system details, spring devices, cable systems, wing flap controls, wing flap position, and flap interconnection. Requirements for automatic flight control cover automatic pilot systems, stability augmentation, and artificial stall barrier system.1.1 This specification covers international standards for the flight control aspects of airworthiness and design for “small” aircraft.1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective CAA body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links. Annex A1 maps the Means of Compliance described in this Standard to EASA CS 23, amendment 5, or later, and FAA 14 CFR 23, amendment 64, or later.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification applies to the exterior lighting aspects of airworthiness and design for ”small” aircraft. It establishes the Aircraft Type Code (ATC) compliance matrix based on airworthiness level, number of engines, type of engine(s), stall speed, cruise speed, meteorological conditions, altitude, and maneuvers. An ATC is defined by taking into account both the technical considerations regarding the design of the aircraft and the airworthiness level established based upon risk-based criteria. The exterior lighting requirements defined by this specification cover taxi and landing lights, position light systems, position light dihedral angles, position light distribution and intensities, color specifications, riding lights, and anticollision light systems.1.1 This specification covers international standards for the exterior lighting aspects of airworthiness and design for “small” aircraft.1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm), which includes CAA website links. Annex A1 maps the Means of Compliance described in this specification to EASA CS-23, amendment 5, or later, and FAA 14 CFR Part 23, amendment 64, or later.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification applies to the high intensity radiated field (HIRF) protection aspects of airworthiness and design for ”small” aircraft. It establishes the Aircraft Type Code (ATC) compliance matrix based on airworthiness level, number of engines, type of engine(s), stall speed, cruise speed, meteorological conditions, altitude, and maneuvers. An ATC is defined by taking into account both the technical considerations regarding the design of the aircraft and the airworthiness level established based upon risk-based criteria. The requirements described by this specification for HIRF protection cover electrical and electronic systems that perform a function whose failure would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft; electrical and electronic systems that perform a function whose failure would significantly reduce the capability of the aircraft or the ability of the flight crew to respond to an adverse operating condition; and the HIRF environments and equipment HIRF test levels for electrical and electronic systems.1.1 This specification covers international standards for the high intensity radiated field (HIRF) protection aspects of airworthiness and design for “small” aircraft.1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance for their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.astm.org/committeee/F44.htm), which includes CAA website links. Annex A1 maps the Means of Compliance described in this specification to EASA CS-23, amendment 5, or later, and FAA 14 CFR Part 23, amendment 64, or later.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The cloud point of petroleum products and biodiesel fuels is an index of the lowest temperature of their utility for certain applications. Wax crystals of sufficient quantity can plug filters used in some fuel systems.5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the cloud point.5.3 This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen at which wax crystals have formed sufficiently to be observed as a cloud with a resolution of 0.1 °C.5.4 This test method provides results that, when corrected for bias and rounded to the next lower integer (see 12.2), have been found equivalent to Test Method D2500.5.5 This test method determines the cloud point in a shorter time period than required by Test Method D2500.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cloud point of petroleum products, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, using an automatic instrument.1.2 The measuring range of the apparatus is from –65 °C to +51 °C, however the precision statements were derived only from samples with cloud point temperatures from –50 °C to +6 °C.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 A number of laboratory procedures are used to evaluate the effectiveness of fire-retardant and fire-resistant treatments and coatings. In general, these methods measure the three stages of fire development: (1) ignition; (2) flame spread (rate of growth of the fire); and (3) conflagration extent. While all three are of extreme importance, flame spread has been recognized as the main factor associated with testing fire-retardant coatings.3.2 Flame spread ratings based upon Test Method E84 have acquired common acceptance by regulatory agencies, but such large-scale tests are seldom practical during the development or modification of a fire-retardant coating.3.3 This test method provides the relative flame spread of experimental coatings using small test specimens under the conditions established in the 2-foot tunnel. By experimentally calibrating the 2-foot tunnel with similar Test Method E84-rated fire-retardant paint, results obtained by this test method can be used to screen coatings for suitability for testing in the Test Method E84 tunnel.3.3.1 This test method is intended as an experimental tool in evaluating experimental coatings for further development. No direct correlation of results from this test method and the Test Method E84 tunnel have been made or are implied.3.3.2 The results obtained by this test method do not in themselves act as an accurate predictor of performance in Test Method E84 and shall not be used for the purpose of certification to any class of flame spread performance.1.1 This test method determines the protection a coating affords its substrate, and the comparative burning characteristics of coatings by evaluating the flame spread over the surface when ignited under controlled conditions in a small tunnel. This establishes a basis for comparing surface-burning characteristics of different coatings without specific consideration of all the end-use parameters that might affect surface-burning characteristics under actual fire conditions.1.2 In addition to the experimental flame spread rate, the weight of panel consumed, time of afterflaming and afterglow, char dimensions and index, and height of intumescence can be measured in this test. However, a relationship should not be presumed among these measurements.1.3 This standard is used to determine certain fire-test responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions by using results obtained from fire-test response standards. The results obtained from using this standard do not by themselves constitute measures of fire hazard or fire risk.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6  Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Test Methods A, B, and C provide a means of evaluating the tensile modulus of geogrids and geotextiles for applications involving small-strain cyclic loading. The test methods allow for the determination of cyclic tensile modulus at different levels of prescribed or permanent strain, thereby accounting for possible changes in cyclic tensile modulus with increasing permanent strain in the material. These test methods shall be used for research testing and to define properties for use in specific design methods.5.2 In cases of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using these test methods for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause shall be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier shall agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.5.3 All geogrids can be tested by Test Method A or B. Some modification of techniques may be necessary for a given geogrid depending upon its physical makeup. Special adaptations may be necessary with strong geogrids, multiple-layered geogrids, or geogrids that tend to slip in the clamps or those which tend to be damaged by the clamps.5.4 Most geotextiles can be tested by Test Method C. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given geotextile depending upon its structure. Special clamping adaptations may be necessary with strong geotextiles or geotextiles made from glass fibers to prevent them from slipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of being gripped in the clamps.5.5 These test methods are applicable for testing geotextiles either dry or wet. It is used with a constant rate of extension type tension apparatus.5.6 These test methods may not be suited for geogrids and geotextiles that exhibit strengths approximately 100 kN/m (600 lbf/in.) due to clamping and equipment limitations. In those cases, 100-mm (4-in.) width specimens may be substituted for 200-mm (8-in.) width specimens.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of small-strain tensile properties of geogrids and geotextiles by subjecting wide-width specimens to cyclic tensile loading.1.2 These test methods (A, B, and C) allow for the determination of small-strain cyclic tensile modulus by the measurement of cyclic tensile load and elongation.1.3 This test method is intended to provide properties for design. The test method was developed for mechanistic-empirical pavement design methods requiring input of the reinforcement tensile modulus. The use of cyclic modulus from this test method for other applications involving cyclic loading should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.1.4 Three test methods (A, B, and C) are provided to determine small-strain cyclic tensile modulus on geogrids and geotextiles.1.4.1 Test Method A—Testing a relatively wide specimen of geogrid in cyclic tension in kN/m (lbf/ft).1.4.2 Test Method B—Testing multiple layers of a relatively wide specimen of geogrid in cyclic tension in kN/m (lbf/ft).1.4.3 Test Method C—Testing a relatively wide specimen of geotextile in cyclic tension in kN/m (lbf/ft).1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification is concerned with the airworthiness requirements related to structural durability for the design of small airplanes. The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body regarding the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.This specification covers metallic structures such as pressurized cabin structures and wing, empennage, and associated structures that must be able to withstand the repeated loads of variable magnitude expected in service. These structures, as well as composite and bonded structures, must also conform to specified requirements for fatigue strength, fail safe strength, damage tolerance, and residual strength.1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness requirements related to structural durability for the design of small aeroplanes. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Levels 1 through 4 Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance.1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs), including the guidance noted in Appendix X2, Guidance Material) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM Committee F44 webpage (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm). Annex A1 maps the Means of Compliance of the ASTM standards to EASA CS-23, amendment 5, or later, and FAA 14 CFR 23, amendment 64, or later, Structural Durability requirements of 23.2240.1.3 Units—This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Thermal conductivity measurements on small insulation specimens are important during new product development processes or when larger specimens cannot be collected during forensic investigation (that is, failure analysis) (1, 2).5.2 Numerous research projects have recently been initiated to develop insulation materials that have very high thermal resistivities (greater than 83 (m K)/W). Projects ranging from coatings to improve the thermal performance of single pane/layer glazing systems to the development of novel insulation products for building envelopes are being undertaken (1-4). All these projects have struggled in the development of new material technologies due to the difficulty associated with the measurement of thermal conductivity of small sections (approximately 0.025 m by 0.025 m) of high thermal resistance materials. As new materials are being developed, the size of each test specimen impacts the cost of development. Most of the existing test equipment and the methods do not align with the researcher’s need; the equipment requires a large specimen size is time consuming, and expensive to produce.5.3 This practice provides a standardized procedure to enable the thermal characterization of small specimens of insulation materials. Accurate, and reliable thermal metrology to assess thermal properties of new insulation materials, such as novel very low thermal conductivity (< 0.01 W/ (m K)) nanomaterials or bio-based foam insulations, in small material sample sections, and minimal data analysis requirements is the desired outcome of this practice.5.4 The ratio of the area of the specimen and the heat flux transducer has a significant impact on the uncertainty of the results obtained from this practice. As the specimen area decreases this ratio decreases, a smaller percentage of the total heat flow is associated with the unknown specimen. Information from the literature (4) shows that some heat-flow-meter apparatus, generally not available commercially and used by the research laboratories only, can be modified to change out the heat flux transducer so that transducers of varying sizes can be deployed. The observations presented in Fig. 2 were obtained from the measurements done by such a heat-flow-meter apparatus that was modified to change out the heat flux transducer. Fig. 2 demonstrates the significance of the ratio of the area of the specimen and the heat flux transducer on the accuracy of the thermal conductivity measurement using this Practice. This exercise is not a required part of this Practice and Fig. 2 is for information only.FIG. 2 Example of a data set obtained from 0.010 m2 (that is, 0.10 m × 0.10 m) heat flux transducer (heat flow) exploring the uncertainty (that is, difference between full size XPS specimen and smaller XPS specimen placed inside the mask) of varying thicknesses, 0.005 m, 0.010 m, and 0.020 m1.1 This practice covers the measurement of steady state thermal transmission properties of the small flat slab thermal insulation specimen using a heat-flow-meter apparatus.1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with Test Method C518 for testing a small specimen. This practice is limited to only small specimens and, in all other particulars, the requirements of Test Method C518 apply.1.3 This practice characterizes small specimens having lateral dimensions less than the lateral dimensions of the heat flux transducer used to measure the heat flow. The procedure in Test Method C518 shall be used for specimens having lateral dimensions equal to or larger than the lateral dimensions of the heat flux transducer.NOTE 1: The lower limit for specimen size is typically determined by the user for their particular material. As an example, Ref. (1)2 established a lower limit for specimen dimensions of 0.1 m by 0.1 m for several different thermal insulation materials for a 0.3 m by 0.3 m heat-flow-meter apparatus having a heat flux transducer 0.15 m by 0.15 m.1.4 This practice is intended only for research purposes, in particular, when larger specimens are unavailable. This practice shall not be used in conjunction with Test Method C518 for certification testing of products; compliance with ASTM Specifications; or compliance with regulatory or building code requirements.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for wrought seamless and welded and drawn cobalt alloy small diameter tubing used for the manufacture of surgical implants. Product variables that differentiate small diameter medical tubing from the bar, wire, sheet, and strip product forms are addressed. This specification applies to straight length tubing of specified diameters and thickness. Seamless tubing shall be made from bar, hollow bar, rod, or hollow rod raw material forms through a prescribed process. Welded and drawn tubing shall be made from strip or sheet raw material forms that meet the specified chemical requirements. The tubing shall be subject to tensile testing.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for wrought seamless and welded and drawn cobalt alloy small diameter tubing used for the manufacture of surgical implants. Material shall conform to the applicable requirements of Specifications F90, F562, F688, F1058 or F1537, Alloy 1. This specification addresses those product variables that differentiate small diameter medical tubing from the bar, wire, sheet, and strip product forms covered in these specifications.1.2 This specification applies to straight length tubing with 6.3 mm [0.250 in.] and smaller nominal outside diameter (OD) and 0.76 mm [0.030 in.] and thinner nominal wall thickness.1.3 The specifications in 2.1 are referred to as the ASTM material standard(s) in this specification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Aircraft flying in national airspace are required by the ICAO Chicago Convention and national regulatory rules to have visible markings to determine nationality and registration. UAS shall comply with these rules, although small UAS will have unique rules or exemptions from existing rules due to their small size. This standard is designed to allow UAS to comply with these marking requirements in Annex 7 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation as amended by state regulatory rules.4.2 Many ICAO states are assigning UAS to different classes and categories to define the rules UAS must operate under. The ICAO Annex 7 Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) apply to UAS Aircraft with the exception of small UAS. The classification of what constitutes a small UAS (sUAS) has been left to ICAO states and the rules under which sUAS operate are dictated by each state.4.3 This practice follows ICAO Annex 7 SARPS except in areas where the unique aspects of UAS may not allow compliance. In these cases, this document will address the issue and recommend the need for an alternate compliance method.1.1 This practice prescribes guidelines for the display of marks to indicate appropriate UAS registration and ownership for all Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) except those categorized as small UAS (sUAS) by regulatory authorities. The FAA is developing a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) to define the term small UAS and provide regulations for these aircraft.1.2 This practice will allow determination of nationality in cases where UAS may cross international boundaries.1.3 This practice does not apply to sUAS. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has left the designation of sUAS to each state and the states will develop rules and regulations for sUAS.1.4 This practice does not apply to model aircraft.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

AbstractThe specification covers grades of stainless steel tubing for general corrosion-resisting and low or high-temperature service. The tubes shall be cold finished and shall be made by the seamless or welded process. All material shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition. The heat-treatment procedure shall consist of heating the material and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means. Tension tests, flaring tests, hydrostatic tests, air underwater pressure tests, and nondestructive electric tests shall be performed in accordance to the specified requirements.1.1 This specification covers grades of stainless steel tubing in sizes under 1/2 down to 0.050 in. (12.7 to 1.27 mm) in outside diameter and wall thicknesses less than 0.065 in. down to 0.005 in. (1.65 to 0.13 mm) for general corrosion-resisting and low- or high-temperature service, as designated in Table 1.NOTE 1: The grades of austenitic stainless steel tubing furnished in accordance with this specification have been found suitable for low-temperature service down to −325°F (−200°C) in which Charpy notched-bar impact values of 15 ft·lbf (20 J), minimum, are required and these grades need not be impact tested.1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and, when desired, shall be so stated in the order.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车