This specification covers hot-dipped zinc-coated (galvanized) welded steel pipe in NPS 1, NPS 1 ź, NPS 1 ˝, NPS 2, NPS 2 ˝, NPS 3, NPS3 ˝, NPS 4, NPS 5, NPS 6, NPS 7, and NPS 8, with the specified nominal wall thickness, intended for fence structures such as structural support. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification. The steel for welded pipe shall be be of soft weldable quality and shall be made by one or more of the following processes: electric-furnace, open hearth, or basic oxygen. Welded pipe NPS 4 and under may be butt-welded. Welded pipe over NPS 4 shall be electric welded. Pipe shall be coated with zinc inside and outside by hot-dip process. The steel pipe shall meet the tensile requirements for tensile strength and yield strength specified for regular, intermediate strength, and high strength grades. The weight of zinc coating shall be determined by strip test. The dimensional (diameter and thickness) and weight requirements for the steel pipe are specified and the test requirements for welded pipes are detailed. Lengths of toprail may be of random lengths, unless otherwise specified.1.1 This specification covers hot-dipped galvanized welded steel pipe in sizes ranging from 1.315–8.625 in. (33.4 –219.1 mm) outside diameter (OD) inclusive, with nominal (average) wall thickness as given in Table 1 and Table 2. Pipe having other dimensions (Note 2) may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification. Pipe ordered under this specification is intended for use as a structural support for fencing in accordance with Specification F1043, Group 1A.NOTE 1: Outside diameter size is designated in that fence fittings are designed to securely fit on the outside of the pipe framework.NOTE 2: A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions is contained in ANSI B 36.10.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers resilient connectors between reinforced concrete manhole structures, pipes, and laterals. Resilient materials for connectors and filler rings shall be manufactured from natural or synthetic rubber and shall conform to the prescribed requirements. Mechanical devices shall be made from a material or materials in combination that will ensure durability, strength, resistance to corrosion, and have properties that will ensure continued resistance to leakage. The design of pipe connectors and pipe stubs are specified. The physical properties and chemical composition shall conform to the required tests for chemical resistance, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, accelerated oven-aging, compression set, water absorption, ozone resistance, low-temperature brittle point, and tear resistance.1.1 This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for resilient connectors used for connections between reinforced concrete manholes conforming to Specification C478/C478M and pipes, between wastewater structures and pipes, and between precast reinforced concrete pipe and laterals.1.1.1 These connectors are designed to minimize leakage between the pipe and manhole, and between the pipe and lateral.1.2 The values stated in inch pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.NOTE 1: This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the resilient connection only. Connections covered by this specification are adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) [90 kPa (9.1 m)] without leakage when tested in accordance with Section 7. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connections between manhole structures and pipe, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see 7.2.5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers resilient connectors between reinforced concrete manhole structures, pipes, and laterals. Resilient materials for connectors and filler rings shall be manufactured from natural or synthetic rubber and shall conform to the prescribed requirements. Mechanical devices shall be made from a material or materials in combination that will ensure durability, strength, resistance to corrosion, and have properties that will ensure continued resistance to leakage. The design of pipe connectors and pipe stubs are specified. The physical properties and chemical composition shall conform to the required tests for chemical resistance, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, accelerated oven-aging, compression set, water absorption, ozone resistance, low-temperature brittle point, and tear resistance.1.1 This specification covers the minimum performance and material requirements for resilient connectors used for connections between precast reinforced concrete manholes conforming to Specification C478 and pipes, and between precast reinforced concrete pipe and laterals.1.1.1 These connectors are designed to minimize leakage between the pipe and manhole, and between the pipe and lateral.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C923.NOTE 1: This specification covers the design, material, and performance of the resilient connection only. Connections covered by this specification are adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 90 kPa (9.1 m) without leakage when tested in accordance with Section 7. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed system are dependent upon many factors other than the connections between manhole structures and pipe, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see 7.2.5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

2.1 This guide is not meant to mandate a specific structure or responsibility at the various levels but rather to suggest a means or method that will allow for the creation or further development of a state, regional, or local EMS system.2.2 This guide will assist state, regional, or local organizations in establishing EMS systems or refining existing EMS systems.1.1 This guide establishes optimum guidelines for the structures and responsibilities that will facilitate development, delivery, and assessment of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) on state, regional, and local levels.1.1.1 State Level—At the state level, this guide sets forth a basic structure for the organization and management of a state emergency medical services program and outlines the responsibilities of the state in the planning, development, coordination, and regulation of emergency medical services throughout the state.1.1.2 Regional Level—At the regional level, this guide addresses the planning, development, and coordination of a functional and comprehensive EMS system which consists of all personnel, equipment, and facilities necessary for the response to the emergently ill or injured patient, according to national and state lead agency standards.1.1.3 Local Level—At the local level, this guide sets forth a basic structure for the organization and management of a local EMS system and outlines the responsibilities that a local EMS should assume in the planning, development, implementation, and evaluating of its EMS system.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the minimum material requirements and describes the procedures for installing concrete pavements and linings in corrugated steel pipes and structural plate structures in the field. Concrete pavements shall be placed after the pipe has been installed. The concrete for pavements shall meet a minimum compressive strength. Concrete linings shall be placed after the pipe has been installed and backfilled to final grade. Concrete materials for pavements and linings shall consist of Portland cement, fly ash (when used), aggregates and water. The concrete mix shall be uniform and homogeneous. Pavements shall have a troweled or untroweled surface finish as specified in the contract documents. When paving or lining new pipes, damaged pipe shall be replaced or repaired in accordance with the ASTM documents referenced herein. Cleaning preparations, pavement methods, lining methods, and curing shall be followed accordingly for installing concrete pavements and linings in corrugated steel pipes.1.1 This specification covers the minimum material requirements and describes the procedures for installing concrete pavements and linings in corrugated steel pipes and structural plate structures in the field. Specific designs with additional or greater requirements shall be detailed in the contract documents. This specification is applicable to paving or lining new pipes and for rehabilitating existing structures. The pipe to be paved or lined is described in Specifications A760/A760M, A761/A761M, and A762/A762M.1.2 This specification covers pipes 48 in. [1200 mm] and larger for pavements and 24 in. [600 mm] and larger for full linings.1.3 New pipes are to be designed in accordance with Practice A796/A796M and installed in accordance with Practice A798/A798M for factory-made pipes and Practice A807/A807M for structural plate structures. Structures to be rehabilitated shall be structurally stable.1.4 Pipes with plant installed concrete pavements and linings are covered under Specification A849.1.5 This specification is applicable to product in either inch/pound units as A979 or in SI units as A979M. Inch/pound units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent. SI units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when materials are ordered to A979M.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. The standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

9.1 Architectural strip seals included in this specification shall be those:9.1.1 Extruded as a membrane,9.1.2 Extruded as tubular,9.1.3 With frames,9.1.4 With flanges mechanically secured,9.1.5 With flanges chemically secured,9.1.6 Used in interior or exterior applications, and9.1.7 Used in any construction of the building.9.2 This specification will give users, producers, building officials, code authorities, and others a basis for verifying material and performance characteristics of representative specimens under common test conditions. This specification will produce data on the following:9.2.1 The physical properties of the fully cured elastomeric alloy, and9.2.2 The movement capability in relation to the nominal joint width as defined under Test Method E1399/E1399M.9.3 This specification compares similar architectural strip seals but is not intended to reflect the system's application. “Similar” refers to the same type of architectural strip seal within the same subsection under 9.1.9.4 This specification does not provide information on the following:9.4.1 Durability of the architectural strip seal under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature on the strip seal;9.4.2 Loading capability of the system and the effects of a load on the functional parameters established by this specification;9.4.3 Shear and rotational movements of the specimen;9.4.4 Any other attributes of the specimen, such as fire resistance, wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, watertightness, and so forth; andNOTE 3: This specification addresses fully cured elastomeric alloys. Test Methods D395, D573, D1052, and D1149 are tests better suited for evaluating thermoset materials.9.4.5 Testing or compatibility of substrates.9.5 This specification is intended to be used as only one element in the selection of an architectural strip seal for a particular application. It is not intended as an independent pass or fail acceptance procedure. Other standards shall be used in conjunction with this specification to evaluate the importance of other service conditions such as durability, structural loading, and compatibility.AbstractThis specification covers the physical requirements and movement capabilities of preformed architectural strip seals for use in sealing expansion joints in buildings and parking structures. However, this specification does not provide information on the durability of the architectural strip seals under actual service conditions, loading capability of the system, and the effects of a load on the functional parameters. Material covered by this specification consists of architectural strip seals extruded as a membrane or tubular, with frames, with flanges mechanically or chemically secured, used in interior or exterior application, and used in any construction of the building. The architectural strip seal shall be manufactured from a fully cured elastomeric alloy as a preformed extrusion free of defects such as holes and air bubbles, and with dimensions conforming to the requirements specified. Tests for tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, ozone resistance, compression set, heat aging, tear resistance, brittleness temperature, and water absorption shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers the physical requirements for the fully cured elastomeric alloy and the movement capabilities of preformed architectural compression seals used for sealing expansion joints in buildings and parking structures. The preformed architectural strip seal is an elastomeric extrusion. This extrusion is either a membrane or tubular having an internal baffle system produced continuously and longitudinally throughout the material. These extrusions are secured in or over a joint by locking rails or an end dam nosing material. The architectural strip seal is compressed and expanded by this mechanical or chemical attachment.NOTE 1: Movement capability is defined in Test Method E1399/E1399M.1.2 This specification covers all colors of architectural strip seals.NOTE 2: The products described in this specification are manufactured from thermoplastic elastomers defined as “fully cured elastomeric alloys” in Test Method D5048.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers titanium alloy bars with surface deformations and 90-degree anchorage hooks for use as near surface mounts for flexural and shear strengthening of concrete beams. The product can be furnished with or without anchorage hooks as specified by the purchaser. If supplied without hooks, the hooks shall be bent on-site prior to installation, as this method requires two 90-degree anchorage hooks.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This AE examination is useful to detect micro-damage generation, accumulation, and growth of new or existing flaws. The examination is also used to detect significant existing damage from friction-based AE generated during loading or unloading of these regions. The damage mechanisms that can be detected include matrix cracking, fiber splitting, fiber breakage, fiber pull-out, debonding, and delamination. During loading, unloading, and load holding, damage that does not emit AE energy will not be detected.5.2 When the detected signals from AE sources are sufficiently spaced in time so as not to be classified as continuous AE, this practice is useful to locate the region(s) of the 2-D test sample where these sources originated and the accumulation of these sources with changing load or time, or both.5.3 The probability of detection of the potential AE sources depends on the nature of the damage mechanisms, flaw characteristics, and other aspects. For additional information, see X1.4.5.4 Concentrated damage in fiber/polymer composites can lead to premature failure of the composite item. Hence, the use of AE to detect and locate such damage is particularly important.5.5 AE-detected flaws or damage concentrated in a certain region may be further characterized by other NDE techniques (for example, visual, ultrasonic, etc.) and may be repaired as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations and the subsequent examination of the repair are outside the scope of this practice. For additional information, see X1.5.5.6 This practice does not address sandwich core, foam core, or honeycomb core plate-like composites due to the fact that currently there is little in the way of published work on the subject resulting in a lack of a sufficient knowledge base.5.7 Refer to Guide E2533 for additional information about types of defects detected by AE, general overview of AE as applied to polymer matrix composites, discussion of the Felicity ratio (FR) and Kaiser effect, advantages and limitations, AE of composite parts other than flat panels, and safety hazards.1.1 This practice covers acoustic emission (AE) examination or monitoring of panel and plate-like composite structures made entirely of fiber/polymer composites.1.2 The AE examination detects emission sources and locates the region(s) within the composite structure where the emission originated. When properly developed AE-based criteria for the composite item are in place, the AE data can be used for nondestructive examination (NDE), characterization of proof testing, documentation of quality control, or for decisions relative to structural-test termination prior to completion of a planned test. Other NDE methods may be used to provide additional information about located damage regions. For additional information, see X1.1 in Appendix X1.1.3 This practice can be applied to aerospace composite panels and plate-like elements as a part of incoming inspection, during manufacturing, after assembly, continuously (during structural health monitoring), and at periodic intervals during the life of a structure.1.4 This practice is meant for fiber orientations that include cross-plies, angle-ply laminates, or two-dimensional woven fabrics. This practice also applies to 3-D reinforcement (for example, stitched, z-pinned) when the fiber content in the third direction is less than 5 % (based on the whole composite).1.5 This practice is directed toward composite materials that typically contain continuous high modulus greater than 20 GPa [3 Msi] fibers.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to estimate and categorize the number and type of fungal structures present on an inertial impactor sample.5.2 Fungal structures are identified and quantified regardless of whether they would or would not grow in culture.5.3 It must be emphasized that the detector in this test method is the analyst, and therefore results are subjective, depending on the experience, training, qualification, and mental and optical fatigue of the analyst.1.1 This test method is a procedure that uses direct microscopy to analyze the deposit on an inertial impaction sample.1.2 This test method describes procedures for categorizing and enumerating fungal structures by morphological type. Typically, categories may be as small as genus (for example, Cladosporium) or as large as phylum (for example, basidiospores).1.3 This test method contains two procedures for enumerating fungal structures: one for slit impaction samples and one for circular impaction samples. This test method is applicable for impaction air samples, for which a known volume of air (at a rate as recommended by the manufacturer) has been drawn, and is also applicable for blank impaction samples.1.4 Enumeration results are presented in fungal structures/sample (fs/sample) and fungal structures/m3 (fs/m3).1.5 The range of enumeration results that can be determined with this test method depends on the size of the spores on the sample trace, the amount of particulate matter on the sample trace, the percentage of the sample trace counted, and the volume of air sampled.1.6 This test method addresses only the analysis of samples. The sampling process and interpretation of results is outside the scope of this test method.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The significance of this test method is to standardize the analysis of the detection of removable fungal structures lifted from a surface with tape to improve consistency between laboratories and analysts.5.2 This test method is intended to ensure consistent data to the end user.5.3 Fungal structures are identified and semi-quantified regardless of whether they would or would not grow in culture.5.4 It must be emphasized that the detector in this test method is the analyst, and therefore results are subjective, depending on the experience, training, qualification, optical acuity, and mental fatigue of the analyst.5.5 This test method can be used to assess the presence and characteristics of fungal material on a surface.1.1 This test method uses optical microscopy for the detection, semi-quantification, and identification of fungal structures in tape lift preparations.1.2 This test method describes the preparation techniques for tape-lift matrices, the procedure for confirming the presence of fungal structures, and the reporting of observed fungal structures1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural loads used to design a precast concrete product using AASHTO LRFD.4.2 The user is cautioned to properly correlate the anticipated field conditions and requirements with the design loads. Field conditions may dictate loads greater than described here.1.1 This practice describes the minimum loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures, or sectional precast concrete water and wastewater structures, where AASHTO LRFD design is required. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice. Structures not requiring AASHTO LRFD design are to be designed using the loads specified in ASTM C857 or ASTM C890, as applicable.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 This practice is applicable to galvanized structures exposed to the atmosphere or to plant environments, including buildings, bridges, and industrial plant constructions.3.2 It provides for the collection of data to document the protection afforded by the galvanized coating.3.3 Method A for conducting a coating thickness survey aims essentially at an assessment of the general condition of the galvanized structure, at the time of the inspection, by taking thickness measurements on several members of the structure.3.4 Method B provides for accurate monitoring of the coating thickness decrease as a function of time, at specific locations on the structure, in order to assess the corrosivity of the environment, the effect of orientation, elevation, or other factors.3.5 Method B is not an alternate procedure to Method A, but is complementary and optional.1.1 This practice sets forth the procedures for conducting case studies of galvanized installations. It is intended for structural members and other permanent parts of the installation, such as railings and other such fabrications.1.2 Included in this practice are recommendations for the visual inspection of the galvanized structure, measurement of coating thickness, and reporting of results.1.3 This specification is applicable to orders in either inch-pound units (as A896) or in SI units (as A896M). Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily exact equivalents. Within the text of this specification and where appropriate, SI units are shown in brackets. Each system shall be used independently of the other without combining values in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It specifies the design loads that must be considered and does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. Each anchorage shall be designed to hold a minimum of 40 kN in all directions of potential loading and shall be manufactured in such a way that a carabiner with a gate opening of 25 mm or greater shall fit around it and the gate shall be able to close and lock. The anchorage shall be constructed using rounded stock or with beveled or chamfered edges to minimize damage to hardware, rope, or webbing that is attached to the anchorage.1.1 This standard specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. It only specifies the design loads that must be considered.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers an adhesive lubricant for facilitating the insertion and positioning of preformed elastomeric bridge compression seals in either concrete or steel-faced joints, and which bonds the seal to the joint faces to waterproof the joint.1.2 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, this test method is to be used for research or informational purposes only. Therefore, this test should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.3 SI units are the standard. Units in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Static compression and bending tests provide data that are used to estimate stiffness, strength, and safe working loads for pallets under specified load and support conditions. These estimates provide a basis for designing pallets and comparing the performance between pallets of different designs and constructions.4.2 Dynamic tests provide data which are used to estimate the physical durability and functionality of a pallet in specified material handling and shipping environments. These estimates provide a basis for designing single or multiple-use pallets.4.3 Other tests may be performed to assess the properties of specific materials (Test Methods D2395, D4442, D4444, and T 208 OM) and connecting devices (Test Methods D1761, F680, Test Method F1575, and Specification F1667), design features, use applications, and other variables encountered.1.1 These test methods cover the performance of pallets and related structures, functioning as skids, bases, platforms, and bins in materials handling and shipping. Their use facilitates the protection of both packaged and unpackaged products during storage and transportation. The test methods include measurements of the relative resistance of pallets and related structures to deformations, damages, and structural failures which detrimentally affect the functionality of the unit load.1.2 These test methods include conditioning requirements, static stiffness and strength tests, and dynamic tests of structural reliability. These test methods are used to evaluate the relative performance of new, used, or reconditioned general and special-purpose pallets fabricated from various materials including solid wood, wood composites, fiberboard, honeycomb, plastics, or metal, or to compare the performance of such pallets and related structures to specified performance criteria. Recommended criteria for all tests specified in this standard are listed in Appendix X2.1.2.1 These test methods are also used to classify pallets as single- or multiple-use pallets and to determine the safe working loads for pallets under specified load and support conditions.1.3 Nonmandatory Preliminary Tests—Because each pallet may be used under several different conditions of load and support, pallet-design considerations and safe working-load estimates shall be based on that condition under which the pallet offers least resistance or is most severely stressed.1.3.1 Preliminary, short-duration static tests up to the ultimate (see 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4) shall be performed on previously non-tested pallets to determine which load and support conditions influence most severely the pallet load-carrying capacity and safe working loads.1.3.2 During the development of prototypes leading to designs that will be subject to acceptance testing, as described in 1.4, these preliminary tests shall include the free-fall drop tests in accordance with 9.1.1.4 Mandatory Acceptance Tests: 1.4.1 General-Purpose Pallets—When the objective of the test is to determine the safe working load or to classify a general-purpose pallet as a single- or multiple-use pallet, all tests described in these test methods shall be performed in the order specified. The same pallet shall be used for all static and dynamic tests, where feasible.1.4.2 Special-Purpose Pallets—When the objective of the test is to determine the safe working load or to classify a special-purpose pallet, as a single- or multiple-use pallet, only those tests representing the intended condition of use shall be performed. Certain special–purpose pallet designs, because of the pallet size, its shape, or the material of fabrication, or combinations thereof, cannot be reliably tested using this methodology. When available, alternative test methods should be used.1.4.3 Field Testing—It is recommended that pallet designs passing these acceptance tests be further subjected to field testing in the distribution environment.1.5 Simulation of the Distribution Environment—These test methods are not intended to lead to exact simulations of pallet performance in the distribution environment. These test methods are designed to relate to practice with the added provision that they are repeatable, do not depend on exceptional skills, and are safe to conduct without elaborate precautions. The test findings are not expected to lead to unalterable conclusions. Testing in the distribution environment may be necessary to verify the results obtained from laboratory tests.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 9.5.3.5.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车