定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

4.1 The test method was developed for determining the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fracture resistance can help differentiate asphalt mixtures whose service life might be compromised by cracking. The test method is generally valid for specimens that are tested at temperatures of 10 °C or below (see Note 1). The specimen geometry is readily adapted to 150 mm diameter specimens, such as fabricated from Superpave (trademark) gyratory compactors (Test Method D6925), which are used for the asphalt mixture design process. The specimen geometry can also be adapted for forensic investigations using field cores of pavements where thin lifts are present. This geometry has been found to produce satisfactory results for asphalt mixtures with nominal maximum aggregates size ranging from 4.75 to 19 mm (2).NOTE 1: The stiffness of the asphalt binder tends to influence the assessment of a valid test as described in 7.4. For instance, a soft asphalt binder which may be required for a very cold climate might not lead to a mixture that would produce valid results at +10 °C and, conversely, a hard asphalt binder utilized in hot climates may require higher temperatures to provide any meaningful information.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this test method are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results may depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidelines provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.NOTE 3: The failure mechanism experienced in this test is influenced by the aggregate type due to the interactive effect of asphalt binder stiffness and aggregate quality on the fracture path and, therefore, fracture energy values. At high values of asphalt binder stiffness, similar to those experienced near the low-temperature performance grade of the asphalt binder, the crack will travel around the aggregate when the mixture includes hard, non-absorptive (for example, granite, trap rock) aggregates resulting in a longer crack path and higher values of fracture energy. For softer, more absorptive aggregates, the crack will travel through the aggregate, shortening the crack path and leading to lower values of fracture energy (3). Due to the influence of aggregate type on fracture energy, mixture design and/or binder grade adjustments in mixes that use softer aggregates may not be sufficient in improving fracture energy to meet a target value.1.1 This test method covers the determination of fracture energy (Gf) of asphalt mixtures using the disk-shaped compact tension geometry. The disk-shaped compact tension geometry is a circular specimen with a single edge notch loaded in tension. The fracture energy can be utilized as a parameter to describe the fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. The fracture energy parameter is particularly useful in the evaluation of asphalt mixtures with ductile asphalt binders, such as polymer-modified asphalt mixture, and has been shown to discriminate between these materials more broadly than the indirect tensile strength parameter (AASHTO T 322, Ref (1)).2 The test is generally valid at temperatures of 10 °C and below, or for material and temperature combinations which produce valid material fracture, as outlined in 7.4.1.2 The specimen geometry and terminology (disk-shaped compact tension, DC(T)) is modeled after Test Method E399 for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials, Appendix A6, with modifications to allow fracture testing of asphalt mix.1.3 The test method describes the testing apparatus, instrumentation, specimen fabrication, and analysis procedures required to determine fracture energy of asphalt mixture and similar quasi-brittle materials.1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification deals with bare compact round stranded conductors made from uncoated copper wires of a single input wire diameter for general use in covered or insulated electrical wires or cables. Welds and brazes may be made in rods or in wires. The length and direction of lay are specified. The construction requirements of compact round single input wire-stranded copper conductors are also detailed. The mass and electrical resistance of the conductor shall be determined. Tests for the physical and electrical properties of wires shall be made.1.1 This specification covers bare compact round stranded conductors made from uncoated copper wires of a single input wire (SIW) diameter for general use in covered or insulated electrical wires or cables. These conductors shall be constructed with one or more layers of helically laid compacted wires (Explanatory Note 1, Note 2, and Note 3).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 For density, resistivity and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers compact round stranded aluminium conductors using single input wire construction. Joints may be made in any of the wires of any stranding by electric-butt welding, cold-pressure welding, or electric-butt, cold-upset welding. No joint or splice shall be made in a stranded conductor as a whole. The rated-strength and breaking-strength requirements of conductor are presented in details. Tests for the mechanical and electrical properties of wire composing the conductor shall be made before, but not after, stranding unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser as provided by the reference materials.1.1 This specification covers aluminum/single input wire (SIW) stranded conductors made from round or shaped wires for use in covered or insulated electrical wires or cables. These conductors shall be composed of one or more roller or die compacted layers of helically applied wires (Explanatory Note 1, Explanatory Note 2, and Explanatory Note 3).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.NOTE 1: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI H35.1. Aluminum 1350 and Aluminum-Alloy 8XXX correspond to Unified Numbering System A91350 and A98XXX, in accordance with Practice E527.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductors, steel supported (ACSS/TW) for use as overhead electrical conductors. Electric-butt welds, cold-pressure welds, and electric-butt, cold upsed welds in the finished individual aluminum wires composing the conductor may be made during the stranding process. The electrical resistivity of the material shall meet the minimum resistivity specified. The rated strength of the completed conductor may be determined by mechanical tests. Mass and density of the conductors shall be determined.1.1 This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductors, steel supported (ACSS/TW) for use as overhead electrical conductors (see Explanatory Note 1).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil sizes, the requirements in SI units are numerically converted from the corresponding requirements in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are stated or derived in SI units. For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 ACSS/TW is designed to increase the aluminum area for a given diameter of conductor by the use of trapezoidal shaped wires (TW), or to reduce the diameter for a given area of aluminum. The conductors consist of a central core of round steel wire(s) surrounded by two or more layers of trapezoidal aluminum 1350-0 wires. Different strandings of the same size of conductor are identified by type, which is the approximate ratio of steel area to aluminum area expressed in percent (see Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3). For the purpose of this specification, the sizes listed in Table 1 and Table 2 are tabulated on the basis of the finished conductor having an area or outside diameter equal to that of specified sizes of standard ACSR, ACSS, and ACSR/TW so as to facilitate conductor selection.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers aluminum1350-H19, 1350-H16 or -H26, 1350-H14 or -H24, and 1350-H142 or -H242 bare compact-round concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from round or shaped wires for use as uninsulated electric conductors or in covered or insulated electrical conductors. Joint shall be cold-pressure welded or electric-butt, cold-upset welded. The conductors shall conform to the required construction values of number of wires, nominal compact conductor diameter, nominal cross-sectional area and nominal DC resistance. Tests for the mechanical and electrical properties of wire composing the conductor shall be made before stranding and the conductors shall conform to the required values of breaking strength and rated strength.1.1 This specification covers aluminum 1350-H19 (extra hard), 1350-H16 or -H26 (3/4 hard), 1350-H14 or -H24 (1/2 hard) and 1350-H142 or -H242 (1/2 hard) bare compact-round concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from round or shaped wires for use as uninsulated electrical conductors or in covered or insulated electrical conductors. These conductors shall be composed of a central core surrounded by one or more roller or die compacted layers of helically applied wires (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2).1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1: Prior to 1975, aluminum 1350 was designated as EC aluminum.NOTE 2: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI Standard H35.1. Aluminum 1350 corresponds to Unified Numbering System A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers compact round concentric-lay stranded conductors made from aluminum 1350-H19 (extra hard) wires and round zinc-coated, aluminum-coated, or aluminum-clad steel core wires usually used in overhead lines. Compact ACSR covered by this specification has five types of steel core wire which are designated by ACSR/GA/COMP, ACSR/GB/COMP, ACSR/GC/COMP, ACSR/AZ/COMP, ACSR/AW/COMP. Electric-butt welds, electric-butt, cold-upset welds, or cold-pressure welds in the individual round-drawn or shaped aluminum wires shall be made during the stranding process. The preferred lay of the aluminum wires of aluminum conductors, steel-reinforced, having a single wire steel core and one layer of aluminum wires shall be 14 times the outside diameter of the conductor but the lay shall be not less than 13 nor more than 16 times that diameter. The diameter of the steel core wire, the number of aluminum wires, the aluminum cross-sectional area, the diameter and weight of the compact round concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductors, steel-reinforced, shall conform to the construction requirements. The rated strength of a completed conductor shall be taken as the aggregate strength of the aluminum and steel components, and shall be calculated according to the prescribed computation. The mass and electrical resistance of a unit length of stranded conductor shall be a function of the length of lay. Tests for mechanical and electrical properties of aluminum wires composing the conductors shall be made before stranding.1.1 This specification covers compact round concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from aluminum 1350-H19 (extra hard) wires and round zinc-coated, aluminum-coated, or aluminum-clad steel core wires usually used in overhead lines. These conductors shall be constructed with one steel core wire surrounded by one or more layers of helically-laid compacted or otherwise shaped aluminum wires (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2).1.2 Compact ACSR covered by this specification has five types of steel core wire which are designated by abbreviations as follows (Explanatory Note 2 and Note 7).1.2.1 ACSR/GA2/COMP—Compact ACSR using Class A zinc-coated steel wire,1.2.2 ACSR/GC2/COMP—Compact ACSR using Class C zinc-coated steel wire,1.2.3 ACSR/AW2/COMP—Compact ACSR using aluminum-clad steel wire, AW2 (Normal Strength),1.2.4 ACSR/AW3/COMP—Compact ACSR using aluminum-clad steel wire, AW3 (High Strength).1.3 The SI values of density and resistivity are to be regarded as standard. For all other properties the inch-pound values are to be regarded as standard and the SI units may be approximate.NOTE 1: Prior to 1975, aluminum 1350 was designated as EC aluminum.NOTE 2: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI H35.1. Aluminum 1350 corresponds to Unified Numbering System A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers bare compact round concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from uncoated round copper wires for general use for electrical purposes. Welds and brazes shall be made in rods and wires prior to final drawing. The conductors shall conform to the required construction values of nominal cross-sectional area, diameter, mass per unit length and dc electrical resistance. Tests for the physical and electrical properties of wires composing the conductors shall be made before stranding.1.1 This specification covers bare compact round concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from uncoated round copper wires for general use for electrical purposes. These conductors shall be constructed with a central core surrounded by one or more layers of helically laid compacted wires (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 For density, resistivity, and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor (AAC/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors. The trapezoidal aluminum wires shall meet the prescribed tensile strength and elongation requirements. Electric-butt welds, electric-butt cold-upset welds, or cold-pressure welds may be made in the individual aluminum wires during the stranding process. Requirements for the lay and construction of the conductor are detailed. The methods of determining the rated strength, breaking strength, mass, and electrical resistance are given. Tests for mechanical and electrical properties of aluminum wires shall be made before stranding. For the purpose of calculating mass per unit length, cross-sections, and the like, the density of aluminum to be taken is specified.1.1 This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor (AAC/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of temperature and resistivity. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.NOTE 1: AAC/TW is designed to increase the aluminum area for a given diameter of conductor by the use of trapezoidally shaped wires (TW). The conductors consist of a central core of one round aluminum wire or a seven-strand compact round core surrounded by two or more layers of trapezoidal aluminum 1350-H19 wires. For the purposes of this specification, the sizes listed are tabulated on the basis of the finished conductor having an area equal to that of specific sizes of standard AAC (Table 1) or in fixed diameter increments (Table 2) so as to facilitate conductor selection.NOTE 2: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI Standard H 35.1. Aluminum 1350 corresponds to Unified Numbering System (UNS) A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors. Requirements for (1) wire stranding (2) tensile strength and elongation, (3) joints such as electric-butt welds, electric-butt cold-upset welds, or cold-pressure welds, and (4) lay length, diameter, direction, and factor are detailed. The construction requirements include: nominal aluminum cross sectional area, conductor type, nominal number of aluminum wires, number of layers, number and diameter of the steel core wire, mass per unit length, rated strength, and outside diameter of the shaped wire compact. The methods of determining mass per unit length, cross-section, and electrical resistance of the stranded conductor are given. Mechanical and electrical tests shall be performed before stranding.1.1 This specification covers shaped wire compact concentric-lay-stranded aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR/TW) and its component wires for use as overhead electrical conductors (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: ACSR/TW is designed to increase the aluminum area for a given diameter of conductor by the use of trapezoidally shaped wires (TW). The conductors consist of a central core of round steel wire(s) surrounded by two or more layers of trapezoidal aluminum 1350-H19 wires. Different strandings of the same size of conductor are identified by type, which is the approximate ratio of steel area to aluminum area expressed in percent (Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3). For the purpose of this specification, the sizes listed in Table 1 and Table 2 are tabulated on the basis of the finished conductor having an area or outside diameter equal to that of specific sizes of standard ACSR so as to facilitate conductor selection.NOTE 2: The aluminum and temper designations conform to ANSI Standard H 35.1. Aluminum 1350 corresponds to Unified Numbering System (UNS) A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车