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5.1 The moisture content of LPG can be critical to the use, transportation, or processing of LPG products, especially at cold ambient temperatures and during pressure throttling, when icing or hydrate formation, or both, are most likely to occur. In order to prevent ice or hydrate formation, or both, the water content has to be low enough to prevent the formation of free water in storage tanks and/or regulators over the entire range of operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, and compositions) encountered during normal service. For example, propane and propane-propene mixtures require moisture levels below the equilibrium saturation level of water at operating temperature and pressure for these hydrocarbons to meet specifications such as Specification D1835.5.2 The presence of free water in a propane system can lead to ice or hydrate accumulation, the blockage of vapor or liquid fuel lines, and disrupt the operation of pumps, meters, filters, valves, regulators, safety shut-off valves, and other equipment.5.3 This test method allows continuous monitoring of process flow streams and could be applied to monitoring of product dryness during transportation operations if it is known that methanol has not been added.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of water in liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) from 1 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg using an online electronic moisture analyzer, also known as an electronic hygrometer or dew point analyzer, in the absence of methanol or other anti-freeze agent.1.1.1 These analyzers commonly use sensing cells based on aluminum oxide, Al2O3, silicone, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5, piezoelectric-type cells, or laser-based technologies to measure the dew point temperature of LPG.1.1.2 Knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the LPG is required to calculate the water content on a mass basis from the dew point temperature of an LPG sample.1.1.3 The LPG shall be free of alcohol (sometimes added as an anti-freeze agent) as it can interfere with the electronic moisture analyzer. Thus the method will be most useful in a process facility where it is known that no methanol has been added to the LPG product.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.2.1 There is an exception in Appendix X1, where the unit “mbar” is used in data provided by an external source, and parts per million by weight (ppm by weight) is widely used in industry.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Health information networks (HINs) have arisen in recent years as a way to share common information within organizational arrangements among those healthcare facilities that have been formed into large, more comprehensive integrated delivery systems (IDS) and managed care organizations (MCO) offering a full range of healthcare services, both inpatient and ambulatory.The specific organizational structures to which the MCO term was originally applied most probably have evolved into something quite different. Furthermore, IDS organizations are contracting with other organizations that have a market larger than a single IDS itself and are buying such services for themselves rather than offering them internally.These organizations will need a frame of reference for the global information needed to provide all of the services required during patient care. For a global Concept Model consult ADA Specification 1000.0–1000.18 and TR 1039.Pharmacotherapy will require a number of these services, including those of the clinical laboratory for therapeutic drug monitoring as well as pharmacy services of both resident and nonresident care organizations and stand-alone pharmacies to ensure freedom from medication errors and conduct ongoing investigations of both the outcomes of care and the management of resources related to pharmacotherapy.Pharmacotherapy functions include prescribing (clinical orders), dispensing, administering, and monitoring, which support “pharmaceutical care” defined as “provision of drug therapy to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.” These functions address patients’ needs that require information support as noted in Table 1.Another aspect of the monitoring function is the development of instrumentation for testing at point of care (POCT) for high-value immediate-benefit services that support pharmacotherapy. POCT, however, needs supervision and training from skilled laboratorians for the actual performers, whether that supervision comes from within the IDS or outside of it. This range of operation is only achievable by distributed HIN structures that shall have the same quality of clinical and data services as offered by laboratories close at hand. Data management of POCT is documented separately (see CLSI POCT1, ASTP2), but such data management for support of pharmacotherapy shall be placed into the broader context of this practice and linked to CLSI LIS-9A. Thus, this practice should be used to first organize the global domain and then the interconnected subdomains.1.1 This practice applies to the process of defining and documenting the capabilities, logical data sources, and pathways of data exchange regarding pharmacotherapy information services within a given network architecture serving a set of healthcare constituents.1.2 This practice is not a technical implementation standard but, rather, describes how the implementation methods and techniques can be used to coordinate pharmacotherapy services logically within an electronic health record (EHR) systems environment involving participating organizations and sites connected by a networked communication system.1.3 This practice covers the content of the nodes and arcs of the resulting logical network involving EHR, pharmacy, and clinical laboratory-capable sites. This practice also considers the various purposes and organizational arrangements for coordinating pharmacotherapy services within the network boundaries and the considerations for connections among external networks.1.4 This practice refers to other standards for conventions within various data domains, such as pharmacy systems, clinical laboratory information management systems (CLIMS), and EHR systems, and for messaging conventions.1.5 This practice is intended to outline how integration of pharmacy, CLIMS, and EHR information systems can be undertaken to result in a transparent pharmacotherapy clinical decision support environment, regardless of the underlying implementation architecture, by describing the logical interoperability of information domains as facilitated by information and communications technology (ICT).1.6 This practice is directed at pharmacists, clinical pharmacologists, clinical laboratorians, information system managers, and information systems vendors for use in planning and implementing coordinated pharmacotherapy services through effective dialog.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Heat generated by a reacting liquid encapsulating compound has the potential to cause damage to heat-sensitive electronic components. Degradation of the encapsulating compound has the potential to also occur at high temperatures. Proper selection of an encapsulating compound includes knowledge of its exothermic temperature to preclude damage to components.Since the exothermic temperature of a reacting encapsulating compound varies with the volume and geometry of material, it is essential that the volume and geometry be specified in any determination. Select the appropriate volume and geometry. The exothermic temperature is measured in sufficiently precise and reproducible form to allow for application evaluation, quality control, and encapsulating compound characterization.Exothermic temperature rise of two different volumes of the same material using the same geometry indicates the effect of volume. Materials may be compared by testing equal volumes of each material using the same geometry.1.1 This test method provides results that are related to the maximum temperature reached in a specific volume by a reacting liquid encapsulating compound, and the time from initial mixing to the time when this peak exothermic temperature is reached.1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the peak exothermic temperature of an encapsulating compound.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 8.Note 1There is no equivalent IEC standard.

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This practice covers the acceptable installation procedures of insulated vinyl deck covering on portable deck plates. This deck covering shall be installed, in way of the electrical and electronic spaces, for marine use. Requirements for the following are specified: (1) operations area, (2) installation using vinyl sheets, (3) adhesive, (4) fiberglass, (5) fastening with Nylon screws, and (6) exposed areas treated with epoxy. Illustrations of the installation of deck coverings are provided.1.1 This practice covers the acceptable method for installing insulated deck covering on portable deck plates.1.2 This deck covering shall be installed, in way of the electrical and electronic spaces, for marine use.1.3 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

The Emergency Medical Service System (EMSS) in the United States has largely arisen since 1945 and has drawn to a great degree from the experience gained in military conflicts during and since World War II. The documentation of care, however, has remained largely paper record–based until recently. Beginning in the 1970s both civilian and military agencies have closely examined electronic means of storing and managing patient data about emergency medical care. The report of the Institute of Medicine on the Computer-Based Patient Record has emphasized the use of information technology in patient care in general and emergency care data in particular. During this period ASTM has documented the logical structure of the electronic health record in Guide E1239 and Practice E1384, while Guides F1288 and F1629 has defined the patient care data, to be gathered in the pre-hospital record, and the outcome data, relative to the pre-hospital phase of the emergency, which are collected in the emergency department and after inpatient admission. Specifications for the logical model are also presented in Practice E1715. This practice shows how the data gathered for EMS operations and management merge smoothly into the computer-based patient record, consistent with the recognition that these data are part of the primary record of care. Several states have formalized that recognition in state law. This practice does not instruct physicians how to collect data for patient care. This practice does not indicate what information needs to be collected at the time of patient care. The task now is to document, using standard conventions, the means by which this integration occurs in order to set the stage for the capture and transfer of such emergency care data using information technology and telecommunications in a standardized way consistent with all other settings of care while protecting the privacy and confidentiality of that data. The electronic health record has the potential to reduce health care costs by optimizing case management and supporting effective post ED follow-up. Systematizing the data also enhances its ability to be used consistently, with proper protection, for research into and for management of EMSS operations within the various jurisdictional boundaries. The electronic form of the emergency episode documentation utilizes the same logical data model as the electronic health record, but it focuses on data collected during the different phases of the emergency. These data sets do not limit what may be recorded, or by whom, but they do identify those data considered essential, when they exist. These data sets include all those data recorded to document instances of emergency medical care. Data organized to enhance flexible and efficient management of information. Identifications of practitioners and facilities will be coded, when necessary, to protect confidentiality and to make provider data comparable. Names will be included when they are necessary to support patient care. Privacy and confidentiality of patient data should be handled according to Guide E1869. Provider identification numbers will be maintained on master data files which also include additional information such as specialty, license level, and the like. Provider identification numbers recorded in the electronic health record will automatically link to the master data files to eliminate the need for duplicate data entry of reference material in the patient record. Coding systems for emergency reporting (ICD-9-CM, CPT, HCPCS, SNOMED ) will be referenced in the master data files for Practice E1384 as appropriate. The efficient arrangement of the logical model of Practice E1384 permits output to be generated and identified to mirror the paper record, such as nurse-specific or physician-specific notes. The arrangement of the logical model permits multiple entries of assessment data, using a small group of variables, that can then be used to generate output. For example, sequence of diagnoses by date-time. 1.1 This practice covers the identification of the information that is necessary to document emergency medical care in an electronic, paperless patient record system that is designed to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. 1.2 This practice is a view of the data elements to document the types of emergency medical information that should be included in the electronic health record. 1.2.1 The patient's summary record and derived data sets will be described separately from this practice. 1.2.2 As a view of the electronic health record, the information presented will conform to the structure defined in other ASTM standards for the electronic health record. 1.3 This practice is intended to amplify Guides E1239 and F1629 and the formalisms described in Practices E1384 and E1715. 1.3.1 This practice details the use of data elements already established in these standards and other national guidelines for use during documentation of emergency care in the field or in a treatment facility and places them in the context of the object models for health care in Practice E1384 that will be the vehicle for communication standards for health care data. 1.3.1.1 The data elements and the attributes referred to in this practice are based on national guidelines whenever available. 1.3.1.2 The EMS definitions are based on those generated from the previous EMS consensus conference sponsored by NHTSA and from ASTM task group F 30.03.03 on EMS Management Information Systems. 1.3.1.3 The Emergency Department (ED) definitions are based on the Data Elements for Emergency Department Systems (DEEDS) distributed by the Centers for Disease Control in June 1997. 1.3.1.4 The hospital discharge definitions are based on recommendations from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for Medicare and Medicaid payment and from the Department of Health and Human Services for the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set. 1.3.1.5 Because the current trend is to store data as text, the codes for the attribute values have been determined as unnecessary and thus are eliminated from this document. 1.3.1.6 The ASTM process allows for the data elements to be updated as the national consensus changes. When national or professional guides do not exist, or whenever there is a conflict in the existing EMS, ED, hospital or other guides, the committee will recommend a process for resolving the conflict or an explanation of the conflict within each guide. 1.3.2 This practice reinforces the concepts set forth in Guide E1239 and Practice E1384 that documentation of care in all settings shall be seamless and be conducted under a common set of precepts using a common logical record structure and common terminology. 1.4 The electronic health record focuses on the patient. 1.4.1 In particular, the computer–based patient record sets out to ensure that the data document includes: 1.4.1.1 The occurrence of the emergency, 1.4.1.2 The symptoms requiring emergency medical treatment, and potential complications resulting from preexisting conditions, 1.4.1.3 The medical/mental assessment/diagnoses established, 1.4.1.4 The treatment rendered, and 1.4.1.5 The outcome and disposition of the patient after emergency treatment. 1.4.2 The electronic health record consists of subsets of data for the emergency patient that have been captured by different care providers at the time of treatment at the scene and en route, in the emergency department, and in the hospital or other emergency health care settings. 1.4.3 The electronic record focuses on the documentation of information that is necessary to support patient care but does not define appropriate care.

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This specification covers electronic instruments intended for intermittent monitoring of patient temperatures. The temperature range of the instrument shall display temperature within the specific range requirement and regards to its accuracy, no individual reading shall be in error by more than the values that are determined. The operating environment must meet the determined accuracy requirements when operated in an environment of a certain temperature and also with a certain relative humidity. The resolutions of analog display such as Celsius graduations, Fahrenheit graduations, scale graduation marks and pointer width shall also be observed. Its digital display shall conform to the standard resolution, readability and buttery condition of the material. The case material of the instrument and non disposable accessories shall withstand biological and physical cleaning without performance degradation. It shall also withstand dropping without presenting an electrical safety hazard. Those parts of the electronic thermometer system intended for contact with anatomical sites for the purpose of temperature measurement as specified by the manufacturer shall be also be nontoxic. The following tests shall be conducted in order to determine the instrument's performance: cleaning test, toxicity test, and accuracy test.1.1 This specification covers electronic instruments intended for intermittent monitoring of patient temperatures.1.2 This specification does not cover infrared thermometers. Specification E1965 covers specifications for IR thermometers.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice should be used by manufacturers of color-measuring instruments and developers of software when the transmission of color and appearance data is desired between instruments or computers and where ASCII files are the desired method of transfer.5.2 The method of transmission may be via direct connection, modem, or the transfer of electronic media, for example, by floppy disk transfer.5.3 The practice lends itself to the transmission of either a single record of data or multiple record files.5.4 Examples of files generated in this practice are contained in Fig. X1.1 and Fig. X2.1 of Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.1.1 This practice covers procedures to be used in the electronic exchange of color and appearance data between users, by either modem or the physical transfer of electronic media. It is intended for use by manufacturers of color-measuring instruments and developers of software so that any instrument may acquire data for its use that may have been measured on an instrument of another manufacturer, at another place, or at another time.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for fabricated alumina parts suitable for electronic and electrical applications and ceramic-to-metal seals as used in electron devices. This specification specifies limits and methods of test for electrical, mechanical, thermal, and general properties of the bodies used for these fabricated parts, regardless of part geometry.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers uninsulated metallic-coated copper conductors for use in hookup wire for electronic equipment. The coating of the solid conductors and the wires composing stranded conductors shall conform to the coating requirements. Unless otherwise specified, all coated conductors shall be furnished in the annealed temper. The elongation of Type I conductors shall be as specified in the reference material. For Type II stranded conductors 22 AWG and smaller, the test shall be performed on the whole conductor and the elongation measured when the first strand of the conductor breaks. Solid conductors shall conform to the requirements for Type I conductors, while stranded conductors shall conform to the requirements for Type II conductors. The direction and length of lay of the outside layer of stranded conductors are presented. The test methods to determine the conformance to coating, elongation, and electrical resistance requirements are presented in details.1.1 This specification covers uninsulated metallic-coated copper conductors for use in hookup wire for electronic equipment.1.2 The SI values for density are to be regarded as standard. For all other properties, the inch-pound values are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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