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3.1 The ICS framework is designed to be used for all emergencies and is applicable to small day-to-day situations as well as very large and complex incidents.3.2 The ICS framework, operating requirements, components, and procedures are designed for organizing and operating an on-scene management structure only.3.3 Users of this guide are expected to be familiar with the ICS.3.4 Neither this guide nor any of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) approved ICS courses or documents provide a specific plan for managing an SAR operation, but rather they outline a process for developing a management and coordination framework.3.5 It is not intended for this standard to conflict in any way with civil SAR responsibilities agreed to by the National Search and Rescue Plan of the United States, the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual (IAMSAR), or other appropriate international instruments.1.1 This guide covers the use of the Incident Command System (ICS), as developed in the National Incident Management System (NIMS) in 2004, as the management framework for search and rescue (SAR) operations.1.2 Except as otherwise specified herein, the methods and requirements of this standard also include NIMS, ICS, and National Response Framework (NRF) requirements, when required, for search and rescue personnel that deploy within the United States of America.1.3 The ICS may be used outside of the United States for managing SAR operations, users of this standard need to be aware of other incident management requirements, guidelines, policies, procedures, and protocols within the area of ICS SAR operations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This standard guide is designed to help the owners and regulators of a specific environmental problem to identify and integrate affected stakeholders and establish a process to identify and work through all the key questions and answers essential to a mutually acceptable decision. This standard guide presents a “framework” that is intended to help ensure that all the CBED process components (that is, human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values and economic well-being) are considered, but is designed to allow the user to interpret which components of the process are applicable and how these components are defined for the specific environmental problem being addressed. It also provides general guidance to help with selecting approaches and methods for specific analyses of each of the major CBED components (that is, human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being). The CBED process can be easily coupled with other relevant standards (for example Guides E1739, E1984, E2205, and E2876) and environmental compliance guidance and requirements, for example, Quality of Stakeholder-Based Decisions and Understanding Risk, 40 CRF 1501, 10 CFR 20, and Marine Mammals Protection Act of 1972.5.2 The CBED process is appropriate in two contexts: (1) when a specific project is proposed; and (2) when there are or may be public concerns about specific health, environmental, cultural, social or economic issues.5.3 Involving affected stakeholders actively in the decision-making process reorients that process from one dominated by regulators and owners to one that includes those who live with the consequences of the decision. This not only increases the successful implementation of decisions, but also can promote greater trust in government, industry and other institutions (P/CCRARM, 1997a).1.1 This guide presents a framework for a stakeholder-focused Consensus-based Environmental Decision-making (CBED) process, which is a stakeholder-empowered, process to prioritize and select actions to be initiated with the goal of optimizing many types of environmental decisions that may affect a community or communities.1.2 This guide is intended to describe a highly flexible CBED process, and therefore does not recommend a specific course of action for this activity.1.3 This guide is intended to assist in implementing a CBED process, which allows assessing the full impact of any project- or issue-related decisions related to human health, ecological, socio-cultural or economic impacts.21.4 This guide is not intended to replace existing environmental decision-making or public participation processes. It may be used with other processes or standards that address stakeholder involvement in environmental decision-making.1.5 Limitations—This standard does not address the specific methods for generating or evaluating technical data related to assessing a particular environmental issues. The user should seek other sources on methods to gather information for completion of models or other analyses that may be used during a CBED process. This standard may not fully address the rights of owners of real property or the potential impact (positive or negative) on the value of real property of a decision made using this process.

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1.1 This guide covers a framework for the protection of healthcare information. It addresses both storage and transmission of information. It describes existing standards used for information security which can be used in many cases, and describes which (healthcare-specific) standards are needed to complete the framework. Appropriate background information on security (and particularly cryptography) is included. The framework is designed to accommodate a very large (national or international), distributed user base, spread across many organizations, and it therefore recommends the use of certain (scaleable) technologies over others.1.2 Electronic information exchange and sharing of data in has been the backbone of industries such as financial institutions for several years. Cost cutting measures and a real need for sharing of information are driving healthcare services toward increased use of computer-based information systems. One of the requirements for the ability to share and exchange healthcare information is that the information be protected.1.3 Selection of standards was performed using the following criteria, which are described in more detail in 4.2.1.3.1 Security requirements are defined in this framework, and (in some cases) in additional ASTM guidelines.1.3.2 ASTM standard specifications are used to define protocols and message formats in support of interoperability.1.3.3 Existing standards will be reused or extended whenever possible.1.3.4 This framework does not address policy issues. ASTM Subcommittee E31.17 is writing standards that address these issues.

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This specification covers the strength and protective coating requirements for industrial steel chain link fence framework. Maximum allowable heights of framework and post spacing are to be based on chain link fence fabric mesh size and gages, and specified wind loads. Coatings shall be classified as: external coatings (Type A, B, and C) and internal coatings (Type A, B, C, and D). Zinc used for coating shall be any grade of zinc conforming to the requirements and shall be applied by the hot-dip method. Strength test, tension test, adhesion test, and cross hatch test shall be performed to meet the specified requirements.1.1 This specification covers the strength and protective coating requirements for industrial steel fence framework. The intended use is for all types of fence, including but not limited to, chain link, expanded metal, wire mesh both welded and woven, PVC, and wood. Consult fencing product manufacturer for post spacing requirements. Post spacings for chain link fence are not to exceed 10 ft. (For additional information, see CLFMI Guide WLG2445.)1.1.1 Caution Regarding Windload—If additives to the fence, such as windscreen, inserts, or signage are required, it is advisable to use stronger framework and fittings, to reduce the on-center spacing of posts, or to add back bracing. Factors to consider when determining windload include the type of screening material to be used, area of fence to be covered, and local wind conditions.1.2 Posts and rails may have any cross-sectional shape meeting the requirements herein. The shapes may be formed and welded, cold formed, hot rolled, or extruded.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Intended Use: 4.1.1 This guide may be used by various parties involved in sediment corrective action programs, including regulatory agencies, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, risk assessors, site remediation professionals, environmental contractors, and other stakeholders.4.2 Updates to CSM: 4.2.1 The CSM should be updated as needed and refined to describe the physical properties, chemical composition and occurrence, biological features, and environmental conditions of the sediment corrective action project (Guide E1689).4.3 Reference Material: 4.3.1 This guide should be used in conjunction with other ASTM guides listed in 2.1 (especially Guides E3163, E3164, E3240, E3242, and E3344), as well as the material in the References section (including (1)).4.4 Flexible Site-Specific Implementation: 4.4.1 This guide provides a systematic but flexible framework to accommodate variations in approaches by regulatory agencies and by the user based on project objectives, site complexity, unique site features, regulatory requirements, newly developed guidance, newly published scientific research, changes in regulatory criteria, advances in scientific knowledge and technical capability, and unforeseen circumstances.4.5 Regulatory Frameworks: 4.5.1 This guide is intended to be applicable to a broad range of local, state, tribal, federal, or international jurisdictions, each with its own unique regulatory framework. As such, this guide does not provide a detailed discussion of the requirements or guidance associated with any of these regulatory frameworks, nor is it intended to supplant applicable regulations and guidance. The user of this guide will need to be aware of the regulatory requirements and guidance in the jurisdiction where the work is being performed.4.6 Systematic Project Planning and Scoping Process: 4.6.1 When applying this guide, the user should undertake a systematic project planning and scoping process to collect information to assist in making site-specific, user-defined decisions for a particular project, including assembling an experienced team of project professionals. These practitioners should have the appropriate expertise to scope, plan, and execute a sediment data acquisition and analysis program. This team may include, but is not limited to, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, site remediation professionals, analytical chemists, geochemists, and statisticians.4.7 Other Considerations: 4.7.1 This guide does not provide a detailed description of all topics of a program to derive representative sediment background concentrations. It is meant to be used in conjunction with other guides (such as Guides E3163, E3164, E3240, E3242, and E3344) to do so.4.7.2 Sediment sampling and laboratory analyses are not covered in detail in this guide. Guides E3163 and E3164 contain extensive information concerning sediment sampling and laboratory analysis methodologies.4.7.3 Data quality objectives are not covered in this guide. Data quality objectives are described in (2).4.7.4 The selection of a background reference area(s) is not covered in detail in this guide but is extensively described in Guide E3344.4.7.5 Background study design considerations are not covered in detail in this guide, but are extensively described in other references, including Guide E3164 and (3).4.7.6 The use of data evaluation methodologies to obtain representative background data sets from candidate background data sets is not covered in detail in this guide but is discussed in more depth in Guide E3242.4.7.6.1 Identification and removal of high nondetect values from candidate background data sets are discussed in detail in Guide E3242.4.7.6.2 Identification and removal of outliers from candidate background data sets are discussed in detail in Practice E178, as well as Guide E3242.4.7.6.3 Geochemical methodologies used in evaluating candidate background data sets to obtain representative background data sets are discussed in detail in Guide E3242; their applications during reference-area selection are discussed in Guide E3344.4.7.6.4 Chemical forensics methodologies used in evaluating candidate background data sets to obtain representative background data sets are discussed in detail in Guide E3242; their applications during reference-area selection are discussed in Guide E3344.4.7.7 The use of statistical methods to calculate BTVs from representative background data sets and to compare such data sets to the site data sets are discussed in detail in Guide E3242.4.7.8 Geospatial analysis considerations are not thoroughly discussed in this guidance but are discussed in more depth relative to environmental evaluations in (4), which focuses on quality assurance concerns relative to geospatial analyses.4.7.9 In this guide, “sediment” (3.1.16) is defined as a matrix being found at the bottom of a water body. Upland soils of sedimentary origin are excluded from consideration as sediment in this guide.4.7.10 In this guide, only COC concentrations are considered. Residual background radioactivity is out of scope for this guide.4.8 Structure and Components of This Guide: The user of this guide should review the overall structure and components of this guide before proceeding with use, including:• Section 1 • Section 2 Referenced Documents• Section 3 Terminology• Section 4 • Section 5 Overview of Representative Background Concentrations• Section 6 Framework for Developing Representative Background Concentrations for Sediment Sites• Section 7 Conceptual Site Model Considerations When Developing Representative Background Concentrations for Sediment Sites• Section 8 Keywords• References  1.1 This guide provides an overarching framework for the development of representative sediment background concentrations at contaminated sediment sites. It is intended to inform, complement, and support but not supersede the guidelines established by local, state, tribal, federal, or international agencies.1.2 Technically defensible representative sediment background concentrations are critical for several purposes (Guide E3242) (1)2. These include sediment site delineation, establishing remedial goals, remedy selection, assessment of risks posed by representative background concentrations, and establishing appropriate post-remedial monitoring plans.1.3 As part of the overall framework presented in this guide, Guide E3240 provides a general discussion of how Conceptual Site Model (CSM) development fits into the risk-based corrective action framework for contaminated sediment sites. However, not all elements of a sediment CSM need to be considered when developing representative sediment background concentrations; those that do are discussed in detail in Section 7 of this guide.1.3.1 As additional data are collected and analyzed, the CSM should be updated as needed.1.3.2 This guide is related to several other guides. Guide E3344 describes how to select an appropriate background reference area(s). Guide E3164 covers the sampling methodologies used in the field to obtain sediment samples (whether from the sediment site or background reference area[s]), and Guide E3163 discusses appropriate laboratory methodologies to use for the chemical analysis of potential contaminants of concern (PCOCs) in sediment samples. Guide E3242 describes how to evaluate candidate background data to obtain representative background data sets (including statistical, geochemical, and forensic considerations) and then how to use them to calculate representative sediment background concentrations. Relevant content contained in Guides E3163, E3164, E3242, and E3344 is summarized herein, but the individual guides should be consulted for more detailed coverage of these topics.1.4 Representative sediment background concentrations are typically used in contaminated sediment corrective actions performed under various regulatory programs, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Although many of the references cited in this guide are CERCLA oriented, the guide is applicable to corrective actions performed under local, state, tribal, federal, and international corrective action programs. However, this guide does not provide a detailed description of the requirements or existing background guidance for each jurisdiction.1.5 This guide would optimally be applied at the start of any sediment corrective action program but can be initiated at other points in the program as well.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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