定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元 加购物车

This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. The bricks are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements specified. Bricks that are colored by flashing or textured by sanding, where sand does not form a continuous coating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick. Hollow bricks require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick. The hollow bricks can be classified into Grades SW and MW according to their degree of resistance to frost action and disintegration by weathering. According to their physical properties, the bricks can be classified into Types HBS, HBX, HBA, and HBB. In terms of size of void areas or hollow spaces, the bricks can be designated into Classes H40V and H60V. The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, and surface treatments, including coatings, that would interfere with the proper laying of the brick or significantly impair the strength or performance of the construction. Physical properties like compressive strength, water absorption, saturation coefficient, breakage, and cracks shall be determined.1.1 This specification covers hollow building brick and hollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, or mixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion; intended for use in masonry supplying structural and/or facing components to the structure. In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understood to mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cross-sectional area (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 4.3).1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from masonry structures for determining compliance with the requirements of this specification is beyond the intent of this standard.1.3 This specification does not cover brick intended for use as paving brick (see Specification C902).1.4 Brick covered by this specification are ceramic products manufactured primarily from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification. Additives or recycled materials are permitted to be included at the option of the manufacturer. (See “firing” and “firing bond” in Terminology C1232.)1.4.1 This specification and its individual requirements shall not be used to qualify or corroborate the performance of a masonry unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials.1.5 Four types of hollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered.1.6 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile (Specifications C34 and C212) and solid brick (Specifications C62 and C216). Hollow brick require greater shell and web thicknesses and higher minimum compressive strength than structural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesser distance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick. Therefore, environmental and structural performance may be different in elements constructed of hollow brick from those constructed of structural clay tile or solid brick.1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Hollow-stem auger drilling may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration (Practice D3550, Test Method D4428/D4428M) and for installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices in unconsolidated sediment. Hollow-stem auger drilling may be selected over other methods based on the advantages over other methods. These advantages include: the ability to drill without the addition of drilling fluid(s) to the subsurface, and hole stability for sampling purposes (see Test Method D1586 and Practices D1587, D2487, D2488, and D6151) and monitoring well construction in unconsolidated to poorly indurated materials. This drilling method is generally restricted to the drilling of shallow, unconsolidated sediment or softer rocks. The hollow-stem drilling method is a favorable method to be used for obtaining cores and samples and for the installation of monitoring devices in many, but not every geologic environment.NOTE 2: In many geologic environments the hollow-stem auger drilling method can be used for drilling, sampling, and monitoring device installations without the addition of fluids to the borehole. However, in cases where heaving water-bearing sands or silts are encountered, the addition of water or drilling mud to the hollow-auger column may become necessary to inhibit the piping of these fluid-like materials into the augers. These drilling conditions, if encountered, should be documented.4.1.1 The application of hollow-stem augers to geoenvironmental exploration may involve groundwater and soil sampling, in situ or pore-fluid testing, or utilization of the hollow-auger column as a casing for subsequent drilling activities in unconsolidated or consolidated materials (Test Method D2113).NOTE 3: The user may install a monitoring device within the same auger borehole wherein sampling or in situ or pore-fluid testing was performed.4.1.2 The hollow-stem auger column may be used as a temporary casing for installation of a subsurface water quality monitoring device. The monitoring device is usually installed as the hollow-auger column is removed from the borehole.4.2 The subsurface water quality monitoring devices that are addressed in this guide consist generally of a screened or porous intake device and riser pipe(s) that are usually installed with a filter pack to enhance the longevity of the intake unit, and with isolation seals and low-permeability backfill to deter the movement of fluids or infiltration of surface water between hydrologic units penetrated by the borehole (see Practice D5092). A piezometer is primarily a device used for measuring subsurface hydraulic heads, the conversion of a piezometer to a water quality monitoring device should be made only after consideration of the overall quality and integrity of the installation, to include the quality of materials that will contact sampled water or gas.NOTE 4: Both water quality monitoring devices and piezometers should have adequate casing seals, annular isolation seals, and backfills to deter the movement of fluids between hydrologic units.NOTE 5: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/evaluation/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This guide covers how hollow-stem auger-drilling systems may be used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices.1.2 Hollow-stem auger drilling for geoenvironmental exploration and monitoring device installations often involves safety planning, administration, and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety.NOTE 1: This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 A major concern for prison administrative officials is security barriers used in detention/correctional facilities. These test methods are designed to aid in identifying levels of physical security for swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies.4.2 The construction and size of test doors and all hardware components are representative of the application under investigation, and are the same construction and size throughout all of the tests.4.3 These test methods are not intended to provide a measure of resistance for a door assembly subjected to attack by corrosive agents, by high-powered rifles, explosives, sawing, or other such methods. These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of a door assembly to violent attacks using battering devices, such as benches, bunks, or tables; by handguns up to and including .44 magnum, UL-752 Level 3; by prying devices; by devices used to deform the door and render it inoperable; and by fires started by using mattresses, books, and other flammable materials.4.4 The primary purpose or result of these test methods is to approximate the levels of abuse to which door assemblies are potentially subjected in the field. The desired result of its use is to help provide insurance of protection to the public, to facility administrative personnel, and to the inmates themselves.4.5 It is recommended that detention/correctional facility administration provide adequate training, supervision, and preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies to function as intended throughout the expected service life.1.1 These test methods cover requirements for mechanical tests, simulated service test, and testing equipment for determining the performance characteristics of swinging detention hollow metal door assemblies of various styles and types of construction for use in wall openings designed to incarcerate inmates in detention/correctional institutions.1.2 These test methods test the capability of a swinging door assembly to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape, to limit or control access to unauthorized or secure areas, and to resist common types of vandalism.1.3 These test methods apply primarily to detention door assemblies to and from secure areas generally found inside detention/correctional facilities, such as: day rooms, control rooms, cells, and sally ports.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 A major concern for corrections administration officials is the resistance of security barriers used in detention/correctional facilities to certain types of physical attack that it is reasonable to expect in the field. These test methods are designed to aid in identifying a level of physical security for anchor systems used to install fixed detention hollow metal vision systems and door assemblies.4.2 These test methods are not intended to measure resistance to attack by corrosive agents, high-powered rifles, explosives, sawing, or other such methods. These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of a vision system to violent attacks using battering devices such as benches, bunks, fire extinguishers, or tables; hand guns up to and including the .44 magnum; and fires started by using mattresses, books, and similar flammable materials.4.3 The primary purpose or result of this standard is to provide detailed test methods that approximate the levels of abuse to which it is possible that vision system and door assembly anchor systems become subjected in the field. The desired result of its use is to give ensurance of protection to the public, to prison administrative personnel, and to the inmates themselves in the event of such attack.NOTE 1: It is recommended that detention/correctional facility administration provide adequate training, supervision, and preventive maintenance programs to enable hollow metal vision systems to function as intended throughout the expected service life.1.1 These test methods cover anchor systems used for the installation of fixed detention hollow metal vision systems and door assemblies of various materials and types of construction. These anchor systems are used to install fixed hollow metal vision systems and door assemblies in wall openings in detention and correctional institutions designed to incarcerate inmates.1.2 Anchor systems individual components investigated under these test methods include detention security hollow metal frames, frame anchoring, security glazing, panels, and removable glazing stops.1.3 These test methods are designed to test the capability of anchor systems used to install a fixed detention hollow metal vision system or door assembly to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape; to limit or control access to unauthorized or secured areas; and prevent passage of contraband.1.4 These test methods apply primarily to anchor systems used to install detention hollow metal vision systems or door assemblies between secure areas generally found inside a detention/correctional facility such as: day rooms, control rooms, cells, and sally ports. These test methods are applicable to anchor systems used to install vision systems and door assemblies other than hollow metal, provided testing and reporting procedures are followed.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers seamless nickel alloy tubing for use in mechanical applications or as hollow bar for use in the production of hollow components such as, but not limited to, nozzles, reducers, and couplings by machining where corrosion-resistant or high-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered are listed in Table 1. 1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar, and seamless hot-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar in sizes up to 123/4 in. [325 mm] in outside nominal diameter (for round tubing) with wall thicknesses or inside diameters as required. 1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be stated in the order. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers cold-formed welded carbon steel hollow structural sections (HSS) for welded or bolted construction that are used in, although not limited to, buildings, bridges, towers, cranes, sign supports and poles, off-shore production and drilling platforms, roll-over protective structures (ROPS), falling object protective structures (FOPS), and amusement rides. This HSS is produced in welded sizes with a periphery of not more than 88 in. [2235 mm] as well as a specified nominal wall thickness of at least 0.148 in. [3.8 mm] and not more than 0.875 in. [22 mm]. The standard addresses areas such as ordering information, the steel-making process, HSS manufacture, heat analysis, product analysis, tensile requirements, flattening test, permissible variations in dimensions, number of tests, retests, test methods, rejection, certification, product marking, packing and loading, and government procurement.1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded carbon steel hollow structural sections (HSS) for welded or bolted construction. These shapes are utilized in but not limited to the following applications: buildings, bridges, towers, cranes, sign supports and poles, off-shore production and drilling platforms, roll-over protective structures (ROPS), falling object protective structures (FOPS), and amusement rides.1.2 This HSS is produced in welded sizes with a periphery of 88 in. [2235 mm] or less, and a specified nominal wall thickness of 0.148 in. [3.8 mm] or greater and 1.000 in. [25.4 mm] or less.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.1.4 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers seamless stainless tubing for use in mechanical applications where corrosion-resistant or high-temperature strength is needed. The steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identification of the resultant transition material is required. The tubes shall be made by a seamless process and by either cold working or hot working as specified. Seamless steel tubing is a tubular product made without a welded seam. It is usually manufactured by hot working steel and then cold finishing the hot-worked tubing to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties All austenitic tubes shall be furnished in the annealed condition. An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made to determine the percentages of the elements specified. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or the product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. 1.1 This specification covers seamless stainless tubing for use in mechanical applications or as hollow bar for use in the production of hollow components such as, but not limited to nozzles, reducers, and couplings by machining where corrosion-resistant or high-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered are listed in Table 1 , Table 2, and Table 3. 1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar and seamless hot-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar in sizes up to 123/4 in. [325 mm] in outside nominal diameter (for round tubing) with wall thicknesses or inside diameters as required. 1.3 Tubes for mechanical applications shall be furnished in one of the following shapes, as specified by the purchaser: round, square, rectangular, or special. Tubes to be used as hollow bar shall be furnished in round shape. 1.4 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be stated in the order. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in square brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded high strength carbon steel or high strength low-alloy steel Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) or special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges, buildings, and for structural purposes.1.2 This HSS is produced in welded sizes with a periphery of 64 in. [1626 mm] or less, and a specified wall thickness of 0.625 in. [16 mm] or less.NOTE 1: Products manufactured to this specification may not be suitable for those applications such as dynamic loaded elements in welded structures, etc. where low-temperature notch-toughness properties may be important. Inquire if dynamic loaded elements are required.1.3 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, do not contain any mandatory requirements.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers the flexible fiberoptic and video endoscopes that are fully immersible in liquid and are used in the examination of the hollow viscera (that is, colonoscopes, gastroscopes, duodenoscopes, and sigmoidoscopes). These endoscopes will be referred to as flexible gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes. 1.2 This practice is intended to complement, not replace the instructions and labeling provided by product manufacturers. Endoscope manufacturers must provide instructions and labeling necessary for users to know the basic design, specifications, nomenclature, and components of specific flexible GI endoscopes and to properly inspect, prepare, use, clean, disinfect, rinse, dry, and store these instruments. 1.3 Endoscopic technique and the medical aspects of gastrointestinal endoscopy are not covered in this practice. 1.4 This practice details the steps necessary to properly reprocess flexible GI endoscopes and render them patient-ready. 1.5 A patient-ready endoscope is one that has been rendered visibly clean after being subjected to a validated cleaning procedure, subjected minimally to a high-level disinfection process, and rinsed so that it does not contain residual reprocessing chemicals in amounts which can be harmful to humans. 1.5.1 It is recognized that in some circumstances, portions of endoscopes that neither contact patients directly nor contact fluids that may contact patients probably do not have to be subjected to high-level disinfection. 1.6 This practice details manual reprocessing as well as automated reprocessing of flexible GI fiberoptic and video endoscopes. 1.7 The application of all practices relating to endoscopic reprocessing will ultimately fall into the purview of the individual assigned to that task in an endoscopic area. 1.7.1 To ensure the proper adherence to this practice, those personnel should themselves meet certain requirements as specified in 4.8. 1.8 This practice does not detail the steps necessary for the reprocessing of endoscopic accessories. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Notes 1 and 2.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Hollow-stem augers are frequently used for geotechnical exploration. One reason they are used is that the method is considered a “dry” drilling method where drill fluids are not needed to advance the borehole in unstable formations. Often, hollow-stem augers are used with other sampling systems, such as split barrel penetration resistance testing, Test Method D1586, or thin-wall tube sampling, Practice D1587 (see 2.5). HSA may be used to advance a drill hole without sampling using a pilot bit assembly, or they may be equipped with a sampling system for obtaining soil cores. In some subsurface conditions that contain cohesive soils, the drillhole can be successfully advanced without the use of a pilot bit assembly. Intermittent drilling (advancing of the HSA column with or without a pilot bit) and sampling can be performed depending on the intervals to be sampled, or continuous sampling can be performed. During pauses in the drilling and sampling process, in situ testing or other soil sampling methods can be performed through the hollow auger column below the lead auger assembly. At completion of the boring to the depth of interest, the hole may be abandoned or testing or monitoring devices can be installed. Hollow-stem auger drilling allows for drilling and casing the hole simultaneously, thereby eliminating hole caving problems and contamination of soil samples (2). The hollow-stem auger drilling and sampling method can be a satisfactory means for collecting samples of shallow unconsolidated subsurface materials (2). Additional guidance on use can be found in Refs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.4.2 Soil sampling with a double-tube hollow-stem sampling system provides a method for obtaining continuous or intermittent samples of soils for accurate logging of subsurface materials to support geotechnical testing and exploration. A wide variety of soils from clays to sands can be sampled. The sampling systems can be particularly effective in dry soft to stiff clayey or silty deposits but also can work well under saturated conditions. Saturated cohesionless soils such as clean sands may flow and cave during drilling (see Note 1). In many cases, the HSA soil core sampling system can produce very little disturbance to the sample and can provide samples for laboratory tests for measurement of selected engineering properties. Large-diameter soil cores, if taken carefully, can provide Class C and D samples as described in Practice D4220. The HSA systems can also provide disturbed samples of unsaturated sands and gravels with some structure preserved. Full 5-ft [1.5-m] long cores usually cannot be obtained in unsaturated sands due to increasing side wall friction between the dry sands and inside surface of the sample core barrel. Sample length of 2 to 2.5 ft. [0.60 to 0.75 m] is generally the limit of amount of sample that can be recovered in unsaturated sands before the friction between the sampler and the sand becomes too high and causes blocking or plugging of the sampler. Shorter large diameter core runs of 2.5 ft [0.75-m] with the 5-ft [1.5-m] sample barrel system, or with a 2.5-ft [0.75-m] sample barrel system, have generally proven to result in the best samples.NOTE 1: Research on thin-wall piston sampling in clean sands indicates that in general it is impossible to obtain truly undisturbed samples of saturated clean sands. These soils can dilate or collapse upon insertion of a sampling tube. The hollow-stem auger double-tube system can only obtain partially disturbed samples of sands below the water table.4.3 Hollow-stem auger drilling is considered a shallow drilling method with maximum depth of drilling of 200 to 300 ft (60 to 90 m) depending on torque and pull down/retract capacity of the drilling equipment and subsurface conditions of the formation(s) encountered. Saturated loose unconsolidated deposits further limit maximum depth that can be attained. HSA can act as casings set through unconsolidated surficial soils and drilling can be converted to other methods (see 2.5) for deeper drilling.4.4 Drilling and soil sampling can be accomplished with a variety of HSA systems. Types of systems can be chosen depending on the advantages of handling, sampling requirements, and subsurface conditions. There are two basic types of systems. One type of system uses inner drill rods or hex rods connecting the sampler or pilot bit assembly to the surface for advancing and retrieving the sampler barrel or pilot bit assembly (Fig. 16 and Fig. 25). Another system uses a wireline latching system in the HSA column to lower, latch, and retrieve a core barrel or pilot bit assembly (Fig. 35).4.5 Double tube HSA sampling systems can be particularly advantageous for sampling water-sensitive soils, such as collapsible soils, since fluid is not used in the drilling process. Since no pressurized circulation medium is used during the drilling process, the possibility for hydraulic fracturing of formation materials and core contamination from drill fluids is reduced.4.6 Difficulties in drilling may occur if cohesionless soils are drilled below the water table. Possibilities for sand lock or wedging of cuttings may occur (2). In cases where sands enter the HSA, water or drilling fluid may be added to the HSA column to provide hydrostatic balance or special pilot bit assemblies can be used (see 5.6). Problems may occur in getting the soil core barrel or pilot bit assembly back to the bottom of the HSA column. Highly saturated sands or liquefiable material may be drawn into the HSA by vacuum created when the sampler barrel or pilot bit assembly is initially pulled back through the cutter head of the lead auger assembly from the bottom of the borehole.4.7 Consideration should be given to proper decontamination and cleaning of drilling equipment, hollow-stem augers, samplers, and soil coring components.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective sampling. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.Practice D 3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the laboratory testing and/or inspection of soil and rock. As such, it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this practice. However, user of this practice should recognize that the framework of practice D 3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this practice. Currently there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this practice.1.1 This practice covers how to obtain soil samples using Hollow-Stem Auger (HSA) sampling systems and use of hollow-stem auger drilling methods for geotechnical exploration. This practice addresses how to obtain soil samples suitable for engineering properties testing.1.2 In most geotechnical explorations, Hollow-Stem Auger (HSA) drilling is combined with other sampling methods. Split barrel penetration tests (Test Method D1586) are often performed to provide estimates of engineering properties of soils. Thin-wall tube (Practice D1587) and ring-lined barrel samples (Practice D3550) are also frequently taken. This practice discusses hole preparation for these sampling events. For information on the sampling process, consult the related standards. Other in situ tests, such as the vane shear Test Method D2573, can be performed below the base of the boring by access through the drill string. Other drilling methods are summarized in Guide D6286. Practice D1452 describes solid stem augers.1.3 This practice does not include considerations for geoenvironmental site characterizations and installation of monitoring wells which are addressed in Guide D5784.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this practice means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 Hollow-stem auger drilling for geotechnical exploration often involves safety planning, administration, and documentation. This standard does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use. Performance of the test usually involves use of a drill rig, therefore, safety requirements as outlined in applicable safety standards, for example OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) regulations, DCDMA safety manual (1),2 drilling safety manuals, and other applicable state and local regulations must be observed.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 A major concern for corrections administration officials is the resistance of security barriers used in detention/correctional facilities to certain types of physical attack that it is reasonable to expect in the field. These test methods are designed to aid in identifying a level of physical security for fixed detention hollow metal vision systems.4.2 These test methods are not intended to provide a measure of resistance for a vision system subjected to attack by corrosive agents, high-powered rifles, explosives, sawing, or other such methods. These test methods are intended to evaluate the resistance of a vision system to violent attacks using battering devices such as benches, bunks, fire extinguishers, or tables; hand guns up to and including the .44 magnum; and fires started by using mattresses, books, and similar flammable materials.4.3 The primary purpose or result of this standard is to provide detailed test methods that approximate the levels of abuse to which it is possible that vision systems become subjected in the field. The desired result of its use is to give assurance of protection to the public, to prison administrative personnel, and to the inmates themselves in the event of such attack.4.4 It is recommended that detention/correctional facility administration provide adequate training, supervision and preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies to function as intended throughout the expected service life.1.1 These test methods cover fixed detention hollow metal vision systems of various materials and types of construction. These fixed hollow metal vision systems are used in wall openings in detention and correctional institutions designed to incarcerate inmates.1.2 Frame assemblies investigated under these test methods include individual components including detention security hollow metal frames, frame anchoring, security glazing, panels, and removable glazing stops.1.3 These test methods are designed to test the capability of a fixed detention hollow metal vision system to prevent, delay, and frustrate escape; to limit or control access to unauthorized or secured areas; and prevent passage of contraband.1.4 These test methods apply primarily to detention hollow metal vision systems between secure areas generally found inside a detention/correctional facility such as: day rooms, control rooms, cells, and sally ports. These test methods are applicable to vision systems other than hollow metal, provided testing and reporting procedures are followed.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车