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定价： 78元 / 折扣价： 67 元 加购物车

定价： 78元 / 折扣价： 67 元 加购物车

定价： 78元 / 折扣价： 67 元 加购物车

This test method details the standard procedure for measuring the viscosity of resin solutions. The apparatuses required here are constant-temperature water bath, wide-mouthed screw capped bottles, cellophane sheets, No. 2 short taper corks, viscosity tube holder, bottle shaker, timing device, and viscosity tubes. Solid resins are dissolved in organic solvents by cold-cut or hot-cut methods in the laboratory. The viscosity of such prepared solutions, or of commercial solutions of resins is then determined by the bubble time method. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes.1.1 This practice provides instructions for preparing resin solutions viscosity measurement by bubble time method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods are intended for use as control and acceptance tests. They are also applicable in the partial evaluation of materials for specific end uses and as a means for detecting changes in materials due to specific deteriorating causes.4.2 The steps involved in running this method are:4.2.1 Calibration of the viscometers,4.2.2 Preparation of solutions,4.2.3 Determination of efflux time,4.2.4 Calculation of relative viscosity (which requires the following),4.2.4.1 Determining the density of the polymer/formic acid solution, and4.2.4.2 Determining the absolute viscosity of the formic acid used.4.3 Solvents used to prepare concentrated solutions for use in this test method are formic acid (9.2.6.1) and m-cresol (9.2.6.2).4.4 Solvents used to prepare dilute solutions of various polyamides are designated in ASTM D6779, ISO 16396, and ISO 307. These include:4.4.1 Formic Acid—PA 6, PA 46, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA MXD6 and corresponding copolyamides4.4.2 Sulfuric Acid—PA 6, PA 46, PA 66, PA 69, PA 610, PA 612, PA MXD6 and corresponding copolyamides4.4.3 m-cresol—PA 612, PA1010, PA1012, PA 11, PA 12, PA1212, PA 11/12 copolymers, PA 6T/66, PA 6I/66, PA 6I/6T, PA 6T/6I/66, PA 6T/6I, PA 6I/6T/664.4.4 Phenol/1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (where legal)—PA 6T/66, PA 6I/66, PA 6I/6T, PA 6T/6I/66, PA 6T/6I, PA 6I/6T/66, PA 6T/66, PA 6I/66, PA 6I/6T, PA 6T/6I/66, PA 6T/6I, PA 10T PA 6I/6T/66, PPA and copolyamides1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative viscosity as it applies to concentrated solutions of polyamide (PA).1.2 This test method does not address measures of viscosity derived from measurements with dilute solutions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 307 address the same subject, buy the technical content is different.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Uranium hexafluoride used to produce nuclear fuel must meet certain criteria for its isotopic composition as described in Specifications C787 and C996.1.1 This method applies to the determination of isotopic composition in hydrolyzed nuclear grade uranium hexafluoride. It covers isotopic abundance of  235U between 0.1 and 5.0 % mass fraction, abundance of  234U between 0.0055 and 0.05 % mass fraction, and abundance of   236U between 0.0003 and 0.5 % mass fraction. This test method may be applicable to other isotopic abundance providing that corresponding standards are available.1.2 This test method can apply to uranyl nitrate solutions. This can be achieved either by transforming the uranyl nitrate solution to a uranyl fluoride solution prior to the deposition on the filaments or directly by depositing the uranyl nitrate solution on the filaments. In the latter case, a calibration with uranyl nitrate standards must be performed.1.3 This test method can also apply to other nuclear grade matrices (for example, uranium oxides) by providing a chemical transformation to uranyl fluoride or uranyl nitrate solution.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method is intended for testing batches of concentrated ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA) solution, prepared by air-oxidation of trivalent arsenic. The test method provides a means of confirming that oxidation has been completed and that at least 99.5 % of the arsenic has been oxidized. The sample for testing should contain 100 ± 20 mg of potential As2 O5. A200-mL aliquot of a concentrate containing 8 to 12 % of preservative oxides is suitable.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Rubber articles, such as seals, gaskets, and membranes, may be exposed in service to chlorine compounds used in potable water as disinfectants. The exposure may be intermittent or continuous and can occur at various temperatures.5.2 Properties of rubber articles can deteriorate as a result of exposure to water containing these chlorine compounds, affecting their performance for the intended use.5.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give a direct correlation with part performance under actual service conditions. It yields comparative data on which to base judgement on expected service quality.5.4 This test method is suitable for compliance testing, quality control, and research and development work.1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the ability of rubber and rubber-like materials to withstand the effects of aqueous solutions with available chlorine and chloramine. It is intended to compare the effects of chlorine compounds, present in potable water due to disinfection procedures, on rubber articles.1.2 Test solutions are designed to contain chlorine compounds, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), hypochlorite ions (OCl), and monochloramine (NH2Cl).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of apparent free phenol in synthetic phenolic resins or solutions used for coating purposes. The test method for isolation of the free phenol applies to all the commonly used resins except those containing p-phenyl-phenol. Test Method A applies to the simpler phenols up to and including the xylenols; Test Method B applies to the common alkylated phenols. >1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. >

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5.1 This test method is intended for use in quality control, material screening, and related problem solving where a nonvolatile content is desired or a comparison can be made with a known material of the same type.5.2 The parameters described may be altered to suit a particular analysis, provided the changes are noted in the report.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the non-volatile matter of agricultural tank mix adjuvant solutions by thermogravimetry.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These methods provide data that are useful in evaluating the effectiveness of surface active agents in reducing surface tension. In addition, surface tension data can predict interactions between liquids and solid surfaces or other liquids and can be used to establish wetting properties of paints, solvents, and other liquids.5.2 A number of laboratories have found the Wilhelmy plate to be easier to use, easier to clean and generally better for use with pigmented paints.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of surface tension and interfacial tension of a variety of liquid materials, including but not restricted to paints, solvents, and solutions of surface-active agents, as defined in Terminology D459. Four methods are covered as follows:Method A—Surface Tension by du Noüy ring;Method B—Interfacial Tension by du Noüy ring;Method C—Surface Tension by Wilhelmy plate; andMethod D—Interfacial Tension by Wilhelmy plate.1.2 Method A originally was written primarily to cover aqueous solutions of surface-active agents, but is also applicable to aqueous paints, nonaqueous solutions (including paints) and mixed solvent solutions.1.3 Method B is applicable to two-phase solutions. More than one solute component may be present, including solute components that are not in themselves surface-active.1.4 Method C is applicable to surface active liquids and, unlike du Noüy ring, no buoyancy corrections are needed and results are not affected by moderate viscosities (1-10 Pa-sec) of the liquid. It is the recommended method for use with paints and resin solutions.1.5 Method D is applicable to two-phase solutions and mixtures.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers high-boiling hydrocarbon solvent for preparing solutions of oil-borne preservatives such as pentachlorophenol and copper naphthenate, and which shall be composed of petroleum distillates and cosolvents, provided that the blended solvent meets the requirements of Section 3.

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4.1 This test method is used to measure one-dimensional flow of aqueous solutions (for example, landfill leachates, liquid wastes and byproducts, single and mixed chemicals, etc., from hereon referred to as the permeant liquid) through initially saturated soils under an applied hydraulic gradient and effective stress. Interactions between some permeant liquids and some clayey soils have resulted in significant increases in the hydraulic conductivity of the soils relative to the hydraulic conductivity of the same soils permeated with water (1).4 This test method is used to evaluate the presence and effect of potential interactions between the soil specimen being permeated and the permeant liquid on the hydraulic conductivity of the soil specimen. Test programs may include comparisons between the hydraulic conductivity of soils permeated with water relative to the hydraulic conductivity of the same soils permeated with aqueous solutions to determine variations in the hydraulic conductivity of the soils due to the aqueous solutions.4.2 Flexible-wall hydraulic conductivity testing is used to determine flow characteristics of aqueous solutions through soils. Hydraulic conductivity testing using flexible-wall cells is usually preferred over rigid-wall cells for testing with aqueous solutions due to the potential for sidewall leakage problems with rigid-wall cells. Excessive sidewall leakage may occur, for example, when a test soil shrinks during permeation with the permeant liquid due to interactions between the soil and the permeant liquid in a rigid-wall cell. In addition, the use of a rigid-wall cell does not allow for control of the effective stresses that exist in the test specimen.4.3 Darcy’s law describes laminar flow through a test soil. Laminar flow conditions and, therefore, Darcy’s law may not be valid under certain test conditions. For example, interactions between a permeating liquid and a soil may cause severe channeling/cracking of the soil such that laminar flow is not maintained through a test specimen containing large open pathways for flow.4.4 Interactions that may clog the pore spaces of test soils (for example, precipitation) may occur during permeation with some permeant liquids. Flow through test soils may be severely restricted in these cases. In cases where the measured hydraulic conductivity is less than 1 × 10–12 m/s, unsteady state analysis may be used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of test soils (2).4.5 Specimens of initially water-saturated soils (for example, undisturbed natural soils) may be permeated with the permeant liquid. Specimens of water unsaturated soils (for example, compacted soils) may be fully saturated with water or the permeant liquid and then permeated with the permeant liquid. Specimens of soils initially partly or fully saturated with a particular liquid (for example, specimens collected from a containment facility subsequent to a period of use) may be fully saturated and then permeated with the same or another liquid. The use of different saturating and permeating liquids can have significant effects both on the results and the interpretation of the results of a test (1). Selection of type and sequence of liquids for saturation and permeation of test specimens is based on the characteristics of the test specimens and the requirements of the specific application for which the hydraulic conductivity testing is being conducted in a test program. The user of this standard is responsible for selecting and specifying the saturation and permeation conditions that best represent the intended application.4.6 Hydraulic conductivity of a soil with water and aqueous solution can be determined using two approaches in a test program for comparisons between the hydraulic conductivity based on permeation with water and the hydraulic conductivity based on permeation with aqueous solution. In the first approach, specimens are initially saturated (if needed) and permeated with water and then the permeating liquid is switched to the aqueous solution. This testing sequence allows for determination of both water and aqueous solution hydraulic conductivities on the same specimen. Obtaining water and aqueous solution values on the same specimen reduces the uncertainties associated with specimen preparation, handling, and variations in test conditions. However, such testing sequences may not represent actual field conditions and may affect the results of a test. In the second approach, two specimens of the same soil are permeated, with one specimen being permeated with water and the other specimen being permeated with the aqueous solution. The specimens are prepared using the same sample preparation and handling methods and tested under the same testing conditions. This approach may represent actual field conditions better than the first approach, however, uncertainties may arise due to the use of separate specimens for determining hydraulic conductivities based on permeation with water and the aqueous solution. Guidelines for preparing and testing multiple specimens for comparative studies are provided in Practice E691. The user of this standard shall be responsible for selecting and specifying the approach that best represents the intended application when comparisons of hydraulic conductivity are required.4.7 Termination criteria used in the test method are based on both achieving steady-state conditions with respect to flow and equilibrium between the chemical composition of the effluent (outflow) relative to the influent (inflow).4.8 Intrinsic permeability can be determined in addition to hydraulic conductivity using results of permeation tests described in this standard.4.9 The correlation between results obtained using this test method and the hydraulic conductivities of in-place field materials has not been completely determined. Differences may exist between the hydraulic conductivities measured on small test specimens in the laboratory and those obtained for larger volumes in the field. Therefore, the results obtained using this standard should be applied to field situations with caution and by qualified personnel.4.10 While not required for determining the hydraulic conductivity of soils with aqueous solutions, soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable metals (cations), and cation exchange capacity as well as the mineralogical composition of the soil may be useful in the interpretation and explanation of the test results.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent of the competence of the personnel using this standard and the suitability of the equipment and facilities. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.1 This test method covers hydraulic conductivity compatibility testing of saturated soils in the laboratory with aqueous solutions that may alter hydraulic conductivity (for example, waste related liquids) using a flexible-wall permeameter. A hydraulic conductivity test is conducted until both hydraulic and chemical equilibrium are achieved such that potential interactions between the soil specimen being permeated and the aqueous solution are taken into consideration with respect to the measured hydraulic conductivity.1.2 This test method is applicable to soils with hydraulic conductivities less than approximately 1 × 10–8 m/s.1.3 In addition to hydraulic conductivity, intrinsic permeability can be determined for a soil if the density and viscosity of the aqueous solution are known or can be determined.1.4 This test method can be used for all specimen types, including undisturbed, reconstituted, remolded, compacted, etc. specimens.1.5 A specimen may be saturated and permeated using three methods. Method 1 is for saturation with water and permeation with aqueous solution. Method 2 is for saturation and permeation with aqueous solution. Method 3 is for saturation with water, initial permeation with water, and subsequent permeation with aqueous solution.1.6 The amount of flow through a specimen in response to a hydraulic gradient generated across the specimen is measured with respect to time. The amount and properties of influent and effluent liquids are monitored during the test.1.7 The hydraulic conductivity with an aqueous solution is determined using procedures similar to determination of hydraulic conductivity of saturated soils with water as described in Test Methods D5084. Several test procedures can be used, including the falling headwater-rising tailwater, the constant-head, the falling headwater-constant tailwater, or the constant rate-of-flow test procedures.1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8.1 Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been expressed in cm/s in the U.S., even though the official SI unit for hydraulic conductivity is m/s.1.8.2 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.1.8.3 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice; i.e., density, balances, etc. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parentheses. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.9 This standard contains a Hazards section related to using hazardous liquids (Section 7).1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method provides a measurement of formaldehyde content (assay) of formaldehyde solutions. The results of these measurements can be used for specification acceptance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the formaldehyde content of commercially available formaldehyde solutions ranging in concentration from 36 to 55 weight %.1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed value or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车