4.1 This test method can be used to determine total sulfur levels in process feeds and finished products that fall within the scope of this test method.4.2 Low levels of sulfur in process feed stocks can poison expensive catalysts used in petroleum refining processes. This test method can be used to monitor sulfur levels in these feedstocks.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in liquid hydrocarbons with a final boiling point less than 450 °C by gas chromatography using a flame photometric detector.1.2 This test method is applicable for total sulfur levels from 0.5 mg/kg S to 100 mg/kg S.NOTE 1: The pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ) derived from the 2002 interlaboratory cooperative test program was determined to be 1 mg/kg S.NOTE 2: Samples can also be tested at other total sulfur levels, but the precision statements may not apply.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Petroleum-based diesel may be blended with biodiesel. High levels of free glycerin in biodiesel can cause injector deposits (“gel effect”), as well as clogging fuel systems. High levels of unreacted glycerides can cause injector deposits and can adversely affect cold weather operation and filter plugging.1.1 This test method covers and describes an anion exchange chromatography procedure for determining free and total glycerin content of biodiesel (B100) and blends (B0 to B20) with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D and Specification D6751 (for B100 feedstocks). It is intended for the analysis of biodiesel and blend samples containing between 0.5 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg glycerin.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of liquid spark-ignition engine fuels. It provides an indication of how a fuel will perform under different operating conditions. For example, vapor pressure is a factor in determining whether a fuel will cause vapor lock at high ambient temperature or at high altitude, or will provide easy starting at low ambient temperature.5.2 Petroleum product specifications generally include vapor pressure limits to ensure products of suitable volatility performance.NOTE 3: Vapor pressure of fuels is regulated by various government agencies.1.1 This test method covers and is applicable to gasolines and gasoline-oxygenate blends with a vapor pressure range from 35 kPa to 100 kPa (5 psi to 15 psi) (see Note 2). This test method, a modification of Test Method D323 (Reid Method), provides two procedures to determine the vapor pressure (Note 1) of gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends.NOTE 1: Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the air chamber, this vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). This vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small vaporization of the sample and air in the confined space.NOTE 2: Vapor pressure of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends below 35 kPa (5 psi) or greater than 100 kPa (15 psi) can be determined with this test method but the precision and bias (Section 11) do not apply. For materials with a vapor pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 psi), use a 0 kPa to 200 kPa (0 psi to 30 psi) gauge as specified in the annex of Test Method D323.1.2 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 9.4, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 7).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 7.5, 8.4.1, 8.5.1, 9.1, A1.1, and A1.1.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The mass of particulates present in a fuel is a significant factor, along with the size and nature of the individual particles, in the rapidity with which fuel system filters and other small orifices in fuel systems can become plugged. This test method provides a means of assessing the mass of particulates present in a fuel sample.5.2 The test method can be used in specifications and purchase documents as a means of controlling particulate contamination levels in the fuels purchased.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of particulate contamination in B100 biodiesel in accordance with Specification D6751 and BXX blends that are prepared against all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications D396 and D975.NOTE 1: Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38 °C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filtered through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static electricity formation and discharge.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In form-fill operations, sealed areas of packages are frequently subject to disruptive forces while still hot. If the hot seals have inadequate resistance to these forces, breakage can occur during the packaging process. These test methods measure hot seal strength and can be used to characterize and rank materials in their ability to perform in commercial applications where this quality is critical.1.1 These two test methods cover laboratory measurement of the strength of heatseals formed between thermoplastic surfaces of flexible webs, immediately after a seal has been made and before it cools to ambient temperature (hot tack strength).1.2 These test methods are restricted to instrumented hot tack testing, requiring a testing machine that automatically heatseals a specimen and immediately determines strength of the hot seal at a precisely measured time after conclusion of the sealing cycle. An additional prerequisite is that the operator shall have no influence on the test after the sealing sequence has begun. These test methods do not cover non-instrumented manual procedures employing springs, levers, pulleys and weights, where test results can be influenced by operator technique.1.3 Two variations of the instrumented hot tack test are described in these test methods, differing primarily in two respects: (a) rate of grip separation during testing of the sealed specimen, and (b) whether the testing machine generates the cooling curve of the material under test, or instead makes a measurement of the maximum force observed following a set delay time. Both test methods may be used to test all materials within the scope of these test methods and within the range and capacity of the machine employed. They are described in Section 4.1.4 SI units are preferred and shall be used in referee decisions. Values stated herein in inch-pound units are to be regarded separately and may not be exact equivalents to SI units. Therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The operator of the equipment is to be aware of pinch points as the seal jaws come together to make a seal, hot surfaces of the jaws, and sharp instruments used to cut specimens. It is recommended that the operator review safety precautions from the equipment supplier.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test is designed to be used as a rapid measure of the overall relative corrosivity of Ethanol Fuel Blends (Specification D5798) and Denatured Fuel Ethanol (Specification D4806) to iron (steel).5.2 The test can be used to compare corrosion inhibitor dosage levels and effectiveness of various corrosion inhibitors as they pertain to protecting iron (steel) materials from corrosion.1.1 This test method measures the ability of inhibited and uninhibited Ethanol Fuel Blends defined by Specification D5798 and Denatured Fuel Ethanol defined by Specification D4806 to resist corrosion of iron should water become mixed with the fuel, using an accelerated laboratory test method. Corrosion ratings are reported based on a visual, numbered rating scale.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Sections 7 and 8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method provides for the precise measurement of the total sulfur content of samples within the scope of this test method with minimal sample preparation and analyst involvement. The typical time for each analysis is five minutes.4.2 Knowledge of the sulfur content of diesel fuels, gasolines, and refinery process streams used to blend gasolines is important for process control as well as the prediction and control of operational problems such as unit corrosion and catalyst poisoning, and in the blending of products to commodity specifications.4.3 Various federal, state, and local agencies regulate the sulfur content of some petroleum products, including gasoline and diesel fuel. Unbiased and precise determination of sulfur in these products is critical to compliance with regulatory standards.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur by monochromatic wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF) spectrometry in single-phase gasoline, diesel fuel, refinery process streams used to blend gasoline and diesel, jet fuel, kerosine, biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and gasoline-ethanol blends.NOTE 1: Volatile samples such as high-vapor-pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons might not meet the stated precision because of the evaporation of light components during the analysis.1.2 The range of this test method is between the pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) value (calculated by procedures consistent with Practice D6259) of 3.2 mg/kg total sulfur and the highest level sample in the round robin, 2822 mg/kg total sulfur.1.3 Samples containing oxygenates can be analyzed with this test method provided the matrix of the calibration standards is either matched to the sample matrices or the matrix correction described in Section 5 or Annex A1 is applied to the results. The conditions for matrix matching and matrix correction are provided in the Interferences section (Section 5).1.4 Samples with sulfur content above 2822 mg/kg can be analyzed after dilution with appropriate solvent (see 5.4). The precision and bias of sulfur determinations on diluted samples has not been determined and may not be the same as shown for neat samples (Section 15).1.5 When the elemental composition of the samples differ significantly from the calibration standards used to prepare the calibration curve, the cautions and recommendation in Section 5 should be carefully observed.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see 3.1.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Methanol is used in blends with gasoline at levels of 70 % to 85 % by volume, as specified in Specification D5797. This test method provides a quantitative approach to measure the methanol content in methanol fuel blends, from 10 % to 99 % by volume. The usual concentration is 70 % to 85 % by volume (M70 to M85). The method is also used to analyze fuel methanol (M99) prior to blending.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the methanol content, by gas chromatography, of M10 to M99 in methanol fuel blends, including fuel methanol (M99).1.1.1 Methanol may be determined from 10 % to 99 % by volume.1.2 This test method is designed to measure not only methanol in the blended gasoline but also the impurities in fuel methanol (M99) itself in the range of 5 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg. However, not all impurities are measured nor detected by this test method.1.2.1 Water cannot be determined by this test method and shall be measured by a procedure such as Test Method D1364 and the result used to correct the concentrations determined by this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Blends of fuel ethanol and hydrocarbon have a limited solvency for water that is dependent upon temperature and the ratio of ethanol to hydrocarbon. Good handling practices are important during the blending, storage, and transportation of fuel to avoid water contamination. High concentrations of water can cause haze or phase separation in ethanol and hydrocarbon blends and lead to freezing problems at low temperatures. Water has also been associated with corrosion and filter plugging.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in blends of ethanol, hydrocarbon, and corresponding blends. It is intended for measuring water content of gasoline or other hydrocarbon blendstock, denatured fuel ethanol as cited in Specification D4806, and ethanol fuel blends such as those cited in Specification D5798 and Practice D7794. This test method is not applicable to samples that are phase separated.1.1.1 Procedure A—For measurement of water from 0.004 % by mass to 1.63 % by mass in ethanol and hydrocarbon using coulometric Karl Fischer titration. This is the referee method for samples containing up to 1.63 % water.1.1.2 Procedure B—For measurement of water from 0.02 % by mass to 5.41 % by mass in ethanol and hydrocarbon using volumetric Karl Fischer titration.1.2 This method measures mass percent water and allows for the alternative reporting of volume percent. This test method recommends the use of pyridine-free reagents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the methanol fuel blend, M70-M85, for use in ground vehicles that run on automotive spark-ignition engines. Fuels are grouped into three vapor pressure classes (Classes 1, 2, and 3) on the basis of seasonal and geographical volatility. The fuel blends shall undergo chemical analysis for methanol, higher alcohols, hydrocarbon/aliphatic ether, acidity as acetic acid, solvent washed and unwashed gum content, total chlorine as chloride, lead, phosphorus, water, sulfur, and inorganic chloride. The product's appearance shall be clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of methanol and gasoline for use in ground vehicles equipped with methanol-capable flexible-fuel, and dedicated methanol spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains 51 % to 85 % by volume methanol. This fuel is sometimes referred to at retail as “M85.” Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in the development of a luminosity test procedure (flame visibility) for methanol fuel blends (M51–M85).1.2 The vapor pressure of methanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lower temperatures to ensure adequate vehicle operability and safety. Methanol content and selection of gasoline blendstocks are adjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements.1.3 The United States government has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of alternative fuel used by these programs can be more or less restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See Annex A1 for additional information on alternative fuels containing methanol.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4.1 Exception—Non-SI units are provided for information only. In most cases, U.S. federal regulations specify non-SI units.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions–Appendix X2 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers a fuel blend, nominally 51 to 83 volume % ethanol for use in ground vehicles equipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Ethanol fuel blends, also referred to as “Ethanol Flex Fuel” shall conform to the performance requirements prescribed. Ethanol fuel blends shall be visually free of sediment and suspended matter. The vapour pressure, acidity, pHe requirements, gum content, inorganic chloride, water requirements, copper requirements, and sulphur requirements shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of ethanol and gasoline for use in ground vehicles equipped with ethanol fuel blend flexible-fuel spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specification contains 51 % to 83 % by volume ethanol. This fuel is for use in flexible-fuel vehicles and is sometimes referred to at retail as “Ethanol Flex-Fuel.” Appendix X1 discusses the significance of the properties specified.1.2 The vapor pressure of ethanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lower temperatures to ensure adequate flexible-fuel vehicle operability. Ethanol content and selection of hydrocarbon blendstock are adjusted by the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements.1.3 This specification formerly covered Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, also known commercially as E85. The nomenclature “fuel ethanol” has been changed to “ethanol fuel blends” to distinguish this product from denatured fuel ethanol Specification D4806. To facilitate blending of ethanol fuel blends that meet seasonal vapor pressure requirements, a new lower minimum ethanol content has been established.1.4 The United States government has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of alternative fuel used by these programs may be more restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See 4.1.2.1 for additional information on alternative fuels containing ethanol.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, 8.1.8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of the middle distillates, including the biodiesel blends is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties. The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are also important to evaluate the quality of diesel fuels/biodiesel blends. It requires an appropriate analytical method to make such determinations for diesel fuel/biodiesel blends production process and quality control.5.2 This test method provides a comprehensive analytical strategy for the determination of the total aromatics contents, polycyclic aromatics contents and the detail hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends to ensure compliance with certain specifications or regulations.5.3 Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of the detailed hydrocarbon composition in middle distillates, however, the pre-separation procedure of elution chromatography is time-consuming and not eco-friendly. By combining with the separation procedures described in Test Method D8144, the dual column GC-MS system proposed in this method can determine the total aromatic hydrocarbon contents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents and detailed hydrocarbon composition of diesel fuel/biodiesel blends simultaneously. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC. It is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly for the quality control of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends.1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the hydrocarbon types present in middle distillates 170 °C to 365 °C boiling range, 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The detailed hydrocarbon composition, total aromatic hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents can be determined. The hydrocarbon types include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14 (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics. The content of FAME in biodiesel blends can also be determined by GC.1.2 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification prescribes performance and regulatory requirements as well as the corresponding test methods for natural gasoline to be used as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends for flexible-fuel automotive spark-ignition engines. In the United States, these blends are known commercially as Ethanol Flex Fuel.This specification also covers natural gasoline intended for use as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending with gasoline to be used as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The products shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, distillation, corrosion (for silver), sulfur, vapor pressure, solvent-washed gum content, and benzene.1.1 This specification covers natural gasoline to be used as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends for flexible-fuel automotive spark-ignition engines (Specification D5798). In the United States, these blends are referred to commercially as Ethanol Flex Fuel.1.2 This specification also covers natural gasoline to be used as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending with gasolines for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel (Specification D4806).1.3 Specific regulatory requirements for the intended uses from various jurisdictions are given in appendixes for information.1.4 This specification is not intended to provide a market specification nor a regulatory reference for natural gasoline for any use other than as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends or as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5.1 Exception—Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method provides a measurement of the oxidation stability of biodiesel and biodiesel blends. The test method may not provide a prediction of the quantity of insolubles that will form in field storage over any given period of time. The amount of insolubles formed in such field storage is subject to the specific storage conditions, which are too variable for this test method to predict accurately. This test method yields results more rapidly than Test Method D4625, the 43°C bottle test. However, as a result of the significantly elevated temperature and the pure oxygen atmosphere, the nature and amount of insolubles may deviate to a greater extent than Test Method D4625 from those formed in field storage.1.1 This test method covers a measurement of the oxidation stability of biodiesel (B100) blendstock as specified in Specification D6751 and blends of biodiesel with middle distillate petroleum fuels, including B6 to B20 blends as specified in Specification D7467 under specified oxidizing conditions at 95°C. Specifically, the oxidation stability is assessed by the formation and measurement of insoluble degradation materials. Note 1—Biodiesel B100, composed of alkyl esters, can have good solubility for some products of oxidative degradation. Thus some B100 samples could undergo significant degradation, but show little or no sediment formation. By contrast, many petroleum diesel fuels have relatively poor solubility for products of oxidative degradation, so Bxx blends, such as B20, could show higher sediment levels. Refer to Appendix X1 for a suggested paraffinic dilution procedure to evaluate oxidative degradation of B100 for degradation materials that are soluble in B100, but insoluble in iso-octane. Note 2—No. 1 and No. 2 grades in Specifications D396 or D975 currently allow up to 5% biodiesel meeting Specification D6751. This method is preferred for testing these fuels that may contain biodiesel blendstock rather than Test Method D2274 due to the incompatibility of biodiesel blendstock with the membrane filters specified in Test Method D2274. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This test method is used to determine the nonvolatile content of silanes, siloxanes, and silane-siloxane blended materials used in masonry water-repellent treatments. It can be used for the purpose of calculating the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of these materials under specified test conditions.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the nonvolatile content (Ns) of silanes, siloxanes, and blended silane-siloxane materials used in masonry water repellent treatments and is applicable to both solvent- and water-borne materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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