5.1 This method is used to determine the force required to rupture textile fabric by forcing a steel ball through the fabric with a constant-rate-of-extension tensile tester.5.2 This is a new method and therefore the history of data is very small, however the agreement of within- laboratory data suggest this method may be considered for acceptance testing of commercial shipments with caution.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for such comparative test should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may also be used for these comparative tests. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fabric must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.1.1 This test method describes the measurement for bursting strength of woven and knitted textiles taken from rolls of fabric or fabric taken from garments.NOTE 1: For the measurement of bursting strength with a hydraulic or pneumatic machine, refer to Test Method D3786. For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787NOTE 2: Constant Rate of Traverse (CRT) machines and Constant Rate of Extension (CRE) machines have been shown to provide different results. When using a CRT device, refer to Test Method D3787.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. customary units are to be regarded as standard, but must be used independently of each other. The U.S. customary units may be approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method is designed to measure the bursting strength of leather by measuring the force required to force a spherical ended plunger through a piece of leather. The bursting load and extension will be generally proportional to the diameter of the plunger. This test method is suitable for development, control and service evaluation of the leather. There is good correlation between bursting strength and tensile strength. This test method may not apply when the conditions of the test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bursting strength of leather by the ball method. It may be used to test a large variety of leathers and leather products. It is particularly applicable to light- and medium-weight leathers, such as shoe uppers and garments. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay pipe to be used in microtunneling, pilot tube microtunneling, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water. Vitrified clay pipe shall be manufactured from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials that, when formed into pipe and fired to suitable temperatures, yields a product that conforms to this specification. Pipes of nominal diameters shall meet the prescribed bearing strength requirements. The clay pipe shall undergo the following tests: compressive strength test; hydrostatic pressure test; absorption test; and acid resistance test. The pipe shall conform to the required sizes and dimensions. The pipe shall not deviate from straight by more than a specified value when the maximum offset is measured from the concave side of the pipe. The pipe wall thickness shall be a suitable dimension to adequately distribute the field jacking forces. There shall be no fractures or cracks passing through the carrel, visible to the unaided eye. Chips, fractures, or blisters on the pipe shall not exceed a specified value in any surface dimension and shall not exceed a required depth of the minimum thickness of the barrel. Principles of joint design, test requirements, and test methods for assembled joints shall also be indicated.1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for the manufacture, quality assurance testing, inspection, installation, field acceptance testing, and product marking of vitrified clay jacking pipe to be used in microtunneling, the pilot tube method, sliplining, pipe bursting, and in casings and tunnels for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water.1.1.1 Sections 3 through 7 and 9 of this specification contain manufacturing, quality assurance testing, inspection, and product marking criteria which are applicable to vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.1.1.2 Section 8 of this specification contains criteria for the installation and field acceptance testing of vitrified clay pipe.1.2 This specification also covers materials and test requirements for jointing of the pipe.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.NOTE 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method for the determination of ball bursting strength of textiles is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of fabrics.5.2 Test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3787 have not been correlated with actual performance. Test Method D3787 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textiles fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases of disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the seller when using Test Method D3787 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.NOTE 3: The kind of force transfer and strength that occur when knitted goods are worn is prevented by clamping them as directed in this test method.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two (or more) laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them. The test samples used should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to the laboratories for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either the cause must be determined and corrected or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of known bias.1.1 This test method describes the measurement for bursting strength with a ball burst strength tester of textiles or garments that exhibit a high degree of ultimate elongation.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.NOTE 1: For the measurement of bursting strength with a hydraulic testing machine, refer to Test Method D3786.NOTE 2: Constant Rate of Traverse (CRT) machines and Constant Rate of Extension (CRE) machines have been shown to provide different results. When using a CRE device, refer to Test Method D6797.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车