4.1 The purpose of this document is to provide valid and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specification F3105 is intended to maximize the reliability of the equipment’s design and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design deficiencies.1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus used for testing and evaluating Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment for compliance to Specification F3105. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced.1.2 Requirements—This equipment is to be tested in accordance with this test method or Test Methods F2571 for all of the following parameters:1.2.1 Stability,1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,1.2.3 Tube ends,1.2.4 Entrapment and pinch points,1.2.5 Weight disc retention,1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,1.2.7 Training weight post loading,1.2.8 Storage weight post loading,1.2.9 Stop height verification,1.2.10 Stop load drop test,1.2.11 Barbell hook dimensions,1.2.12 Catch hook load drop test,1.2.13 Barbell support/frame impact test,1.2.14 Intrinsic loading,1.2.15 Extrinsic loading,1.2.16 Endurance loading, and1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the requirements and the corresponding test methods for one type of lightweight field and mobile shelter designed for transport by cargo truck, fixed or rotary winged aircraft, by rail, and ship, designated as electric equipment shelter S-250/G. These requirements include those for the material, construction, environmental performance, structural integrity, and tightness characteristics.1.1 This specification covers one type of lightweight field and mobile rigid wall shelter designed for transport by cargo truck, fixed or rotary winged aircraft, by rail, and ship, designated as Shelter, Electrical Equipment S-250/G.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat refers only to the test methods portion of this specification. This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification outlines parameters for the proper design and manufacture of externally loaded strength training equipment, strength training benches and external weight storage equipment. It aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility of injury when the products are used in accordance with the operational instructions. The fitness products are intended for use in an indoor setting or environment, and only by an individual age 13 and older.The equipment types covered by this specification are: externally loaded strength training equipment, work arm actuated (type 1); externally loaded strength training equipment, linear slide actuated (type 2); strength training benches, designed for use with a barbell (type 3); strength training benches, designed for independent use or for use with optional equipment (type 4); external weight storage equipment, any device with the sole purpose to store external weights (type 5); multi-function systems, a machine whose function incorporates more than one station or operation intended for separate exercises (type 6); rack stations (type 7).1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the design and manufacture of externally loaded strength training equipment, strength training benches and external weight storage equipment as defined in 3.1.1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in an indoor setting or environment.1.3 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness products for use only by an individual age 13 and older.1.4 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2276, Test Methods F2571, and Test Methods F3104.1.5 This standard takes precedence over Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific to Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers one type of lightweight field and mobile shelter designed for transport by cargo truck, fixed or rotary winged aircraft, rail, and ship, as shelter, electrical equipment S-280/G. Core, adhesive, and sealer materials used in the construction of this item shall be in accordance with the density, compressive strength, shear strength, flammability, and water absorption requirements. Shock mounts shall be subjected to hardness, resilience, and depression-deflection tests to check for compliance with specified requirements. Construction properties shall comply with the cleaning, arc or resistance welding, lamination (impact resistance), vapor seal, interchangeability, riveting, finishing, marking, shelter gross weight, service integrity, and tightness preconditioning specifications. Environmental service conditions such as moisture resistance, rapid temperature changes, and thermal differential including thermal deformation and heat transfer shall be met. The shelter shall also conform to the requirements for transportability whether in rail or air transport, capability to withstand flat and rotational drops and simulated towing, lifting and towing eye casting hardness, and static door and roof access steps vertical loads for structural integrity. Tightness tests shall be conducted as well to verify shielding from air, door latch torque, light, electromagnetic interference, water, and fording.1.1 This specification covers one type of lightweight field and mobile shelter designed for transport by cargo truck, fixed or rotary winged aircraft, by rail, and ship, as Shelter, Electrical Equipment S-280/G (see 15.5).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat refers only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method allows for the measurement of the torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems of various designs, materials, and manufacture, and is suitable for packaging development and engineering evaluation.5.2 This test method can be used for the evaluation of container/continuous thread closure systems under controlled conditions (where the application torque is known and the applied downward force to the closure is zero).5.3 This test method measures torque retention properties of container/continuous thread closure systems with the use of a non-automated, spring torque-meter (with either a dial indicator or a digital readout) or a torque wrench.1.1 These test methods evaluate the torque retention of continuous thread closures on containers, with matching finishes, for predetermined environmental conditions over time.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1: The SI unit system is the recommended system.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is intended to help users, particularly power plant operators, maintain effective control over their mineral lubricating oils and lubrication monitoring program. This practice may be used to perform oil changes based on oil condition and test results rather than on the basis of service time or calendar time. It is intended to save operating and maintenance expenses.4.2 This practice is also intended to help users monitor the condition of mineral lubricating oils and guard against excessive component wear, oil degradation, or contamination, thereby minimizing the potential of catastrophic machine problems that are more likely to occur in the absence of such an oil condition monitoring program.4.3 This practice does not necessarily reference all of the current oil testing technologies and is not meant to preclude the use of alternative instrumentation or test methods that provide meaningful or trendable test data, or both. Some oil testing devices and sensors (typically used for screening oils that will be tested according to standard methods) provide trendable indicators that correlate to water, particulates, and other contaminants but do not directly measure these.4.4 This practice is intended for mineral oil products, and not for synthetic type of products, with the exception of phosphate esters fluids typically used in power plant control systems.1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral oil and phosphate ester fluid lubricating oils in service auxiliary (non-turbine) equipment used for power generation. Auxiliary equipment covered includes gears, hydraulic systems, diesel engines, pumps, compressors, and electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems. It includes sampling and testing schedules and recommended action steps, as well as information on how oils degrade.NOTE 1: Other types of synthetic lubricants are sometimes used but are not addressed in this practice because they represent only a small fraction of the fluids in use. Users of these fluids should consult the manufacturer to determine recommended monitoring practices.1.2 This practice does not cover the monitoring of lubricating oil for steam and gas turbines. Rather, it is intended to complement Practice D4378.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This safety performance specification provides safety and performance standards for soft contained play equipment. Its purpose is to reduce the potential for life-threatening and debilitating injuries.1.2 The range of users encompassed by this safety performance specification is the 5th percentile 2 year old to the 95th percentile 12 year old.1.3 Public playground equipment, home playground equipment, sports equipment, amusement rides, fitness equipment not part of the play system, water-related attractions and devices, and toys and juvenile products are not included in this specification.1.4 This specification does not address accessibility, except as it pertains to safety issues not covered in The Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).21.5 This safety performance specification includes the following sections:  Title SectionNumber       1  Referenced Documents 2  Terminology 3  General Requirements 4  Materials and Manufacture 5  Performance Requirements 6  Requirements for Access/Egress 7  Equipment 8  Areas Outside Equipment 9  Structural Integrity 10  Maintenance 11  Fire Safety 12  Evacuation 13  Figures Annex A11.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice shall be used for specific procedures used in preparing rubber compounds for quality control of production, for research and development purposes, and for comparison of different materials.1.1 This practice provides a listing of reference compounding materials required to prepare the rubber test compounds listed in succeeding methods and contains procedures for weighing. It also specifies the mixing equipment, general mixing procedures, vulcanization equipment and procedures.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 5.4.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice provides for the establishment and maintenance of calibration procedures for measuring and test equipment used for electrical insulating materials. It provides a framework of concepts and practices, with definitions and specifications pertaining to measurement, adequacy of standards, necessary environmental controls, tables of corrections, intervals of calibration, calibration procedures, calibration of standards, and personnel training system documentation.1.2 This practice is intended for control of the accuracy of the equipment used for measurements that are made in accordance with ASTM standards or other specified requirements.1.3 The values stated in metric units are regarded as the standard. The values in inch-pound or English units are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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7.1 The purpose of this specification is to establish quantitative measurements for wheelchair work that are related to the firmness and stability of a surface material or surface system used as the accessible route and clear ground space at components within a playground.7.2 The specification provides a uniform means of objectively quantifying the performance of different playground surfacing materials.AbstractThis specification establishes minimum characteristics for those factors that determine accessibility. This specification applies to all types of materials that can be used under and around playground equipment. Playground surfaces represented as complying with this specification shall meet all applicable requirements regarding accessibility specified herein. Wheelchair work measurement method - straight propulsion and wheelchair work measurement method – turning shall be performed to conform with the requirements specified.1.1 This specification establishes minimum characteristics for those factors that determine accessibility. This specification applies to all types of materials that can be used as the accessible route through the play area, under and around playground equipment.1.2 The material used as the accessible route through the play area, under and around playground equipment that meets this specification must also comply with Specification F1292 or Test Method F3351, or both, if the surface is within the fall zone.1.3 Surface systems in compliance with this specification will not prevent all types of injuries from occurring when the surface is used.1.4 The SI unit of work is the joule (J), which is defined as the work expended by a force of one newton through a displacement of one meter. The dimensionally equivalent newton-meter (N*m) shall be used only if it is followed by the term “work” so it is not confused to be a torque value. (1 N*m = 0.73756215 pound-force-feet).1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard; see IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for further details.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification describes a process for verifying the intended function and compliance with safety objectives of avionics systems by means of system-level testing. This verification process includes functional verification planning, testing, resolution of test failures, and regression analysis and testing. It also covers organizational requirements and the process of product definition (function identification, classification, and specification) as well as the requirements for producing a statement of verification.1.1 This specification provides a process for performing system level verification of aircraft systems and equipment. It provides a means of compliance that can be used for systems and equipment with software and Airborne Electronic Hardware (AEH) that have not been addressed by traditional development assurance methods.1.2 This process can be used to show compliance to regulations that require a demonstration that functionality was implemented as intended, including safety mitigations that address failure conditions for software and AEH aspects for aircraft systems and equipment.1.3 While this specification was developed with systems and equipment installed on aircraft certification level 1 and 2 (or class I and II in accordance with Advisory Circular (AC) 23.1309-1) normal category aeroplanes in mind, the content may be more broadly applicable. It is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance and obtain concurrence for its use from the applicable Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).1.4 When using this specification, regulations that govern system safety requirements applicable to the aircraft still apply. In complying with those regulations, additional architectural mitigations such as redundancy, independence, separation, system monitors, etc., may be required in addition to the verification process specified in this specification.1.5 The system level verification activities expected by this specification increase as the severity of the failure conditions applicable to or affected by the function increase. Those functions, which have hazardous and catastrophic failure conditions, receive additional activities through this process to provide detailed scrutiny. For normal category aircraft, refer to Practice F3309, Practice F3230, or AC 23.1309-1 for more information on the identification and classification of system failure conditions. Involvement of the applicable CAA personnel or their designees in this system verification process should be discussed early in the project.1.6 This verification process specifically addresses definition, identification, and verification of system functions. Processes conducted under this specification may not satisfy all applicable external requirements; additional review on the part of the system developer, integrator, or installer may be required to meet specific requirements or the specified mission of the aircraft, or both.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for braided and nonbraided fiber lacing and tying twines and tapes used to secure electrical harnesses, armatures, and similar apparatus. Both round twines and flat narrow tapes made from synthetic or natural fibers are included, and either may or may not be coated with waxes, resins, or elastomers. 1.2 The procedures appear as listed in the first column: ASTM Method Procedure Sections Reference Sampling 3 Conditioning 4 Weight (Yield) 5 to 13 D 123, D 1907 Breaking Strength and Knot Strength or Knot Slip 14 to 19 D 76 Resistance Volatile Content 20 to 27 Thickness and Width of Lacing Tapes and Diameter 28 to 35 D 374 of Twines Wax Content 36 to 42 Fiber Identification 43 to 45 D 276 Creep 46 to 53 Elastic Properties 54 to 61 Braid Pick of Lacing Tapes 62 to 68 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 37.

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5.1 Although many technical papers address topics important to efficient and accurate sampling investigations (DQOs, study design, QA/QC, data assessment; see Guides D4687, D5730, D6009, D6051, and Practice D5283), the selection and use of appropriate sampling equipment is assumed or omitted.5.2 The choice of sampling equipment can be crucial to the task of collecting a sample appropriate for the intended use.5.3 When a sample is collected, all sources of potential bias should be considered, not only in the selection and use of the sampling device, but also in the interpretation and use of the data generated. Some major considerations in the selection of sampling equipment for the collection of a sample are listed below:5.3.1 The ability to access and extract from every relevant location in the target population,5.3.2 The ability to collect a sufficient mass of sample such that the distribution of particle sizes in the population are represented, and5.3.3 The ability to collect a sample without the addition or loss of constituents of interest.5.4 The characteristics discussed in 5.3 are particularly important in investigations when the target population is heterogeneous, such as when particle sizes vary, liquids are present in distinct phases, a gaseous phase exists, or materials from different sources are present in the population. The consideration of these characteristics during the equipment selection process will enable the data user to make appropriate statistical inferences about the target population based on the sampling results.5.5 If samples are to be collected for the determination of per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), all sampling equipment should be made of fluorine-free materials. Other considerations for PFAS sampling may exist but are beyond the scope of this standard.1.1 This guide covers criteria which should be considered when selecting sampling equipment for collecting environmental and waste samples for waste management activities. This guide includes a list of equipment that is used and is readily available. Many specialized sampling devices are not specifically included in this guide. However, the factors that should be weighed when choosing any piece of equipment are covered and remain the same for the selection of any piece of equipment. Sampling equipment described in this guide includes automatic samplers, pumps, bailers, tubes, scoops, spoons, shovels, dredges, coring, augering, passive, and vapor sampling devices. The selection of sampling locations is outside the scope of this guide.1.1.1 Table 1 lists selected equipment and its applicability to sampling matrices, including water (surface and ground), sediments, soils, liquids, multi-layered liquids, mixed solid-liquid phases, and consolidated and unconsolidated solids. The guide does not specifically address the collection of samples of any suspended materials from flowing rivers or streams. Refer to Guide D4411 for more information.1.2 Table 2 presents the same list of equipment and its applicability for use based on compatibility of sample and equipment; volume of the sample required; physical requirements such as power, size, and weight; ease of operation and decontamination; and whether it is reusable or disposable.1.3 Table 3 provides the basis for selection of suitable equipment by the use of an index.1.4 Lists of advantages and disadvantages of selected sampling devices and line drawings and narratives describing the operation of sampling devices are also provided.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6.1 Intended Use—Compliance with this practice provides the procuring organization with assurance that human users will be efficient, effective, and safe in the operation and maintenance of marine systems, equipment, and facilities. Specifically, it is intended to ensure the following:6.1.1 System performance requirements are achieved reliably by appropriate use and accommodation of the human component of the system.6.1.2 Usable design of equipment, software, and environment permits the human-equipment/software combination to meet system performance goals.6.1.3 System features, processes, and procedures do not constitute hazards to humans.6.1.4 Trade-offs between automated and manual operations results in effective human performance and appropriate cost control.6.1.5 Manpower, personnel, and training requirements are met.6.1.6 Selected HSI design standards are applied that are adequate and appropriate technically.6.1.7 Systems and equipments are designed to facilitate required maintenance.6.1.8 Procedures for operating and maintaining equipment are efficient, reliable, approved for maritime use, and safe.6.1.9 Potential error-inducing equipment design features are eliminated, or at least, minimized, and systems are designed to be error-tolerant.6.1.10 Layouts and arrangements of equipment afford efficient traffic patterns, communications, and use.6.1.11 Habitability facilities and working spaces meet environmental control and physical environment requirements to provide the level of comfort and quality of life for the crew that is conducive to maintaining optimum personnel performance and endurance.6.1.12 Hazards to human health are minimized.6.1.13 Personnel survivability is maximized.6.2  and Nature of Work—HSI includes, but is not limited to, active participation throughout all phases in the life cycle of a marine system, including requirements definition, design, development, production, operations and decommissioning. HSI, as a systems engineering process, should be integrated fully into the larger engineering process. For the government, the HSI systems engineering process is manifested in both a more formalized, full scale system acquisition, as well as a non-developmental item acquisition. For the commercial industry, the system acquisition process is less formal and more streamlined. Each process is described below.6.3 Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition—The U.S. Government's acquisition process is composed of six steps, as illustrated in Fig. 3. Each phase is briefly summarized below.6.6 Modernization—One key part of operations and support is modernization. In many cases in both government and commercial marine system development, existing designs are modified, retrofitted, or modernized to meet new mission requirements or to implement new technology. In these cases, design activities are focused on the modifications and their integration with the existing design rather than the complete marine system. These design activities follow a systems engineering process, much like new design.6.6.1 HSI activities during modernization may include any of those listed in the following sections but scaled to focus on the modifications and their integration with the existing design. HSI activities should focus on determining the impact of the modifications on existing manpower, personnel, and training (MPT) requirements and identifying how MPT considerations may need to be modified for successful integration. HSI activities also focus on ensuring that modifications are integrated into the existing marine system without any negative implications to human performance, safety, occupational health, survivability or habitability.

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This specification describes the Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS). This is a set of standard equipment behaviors that must be accessible under remote control to set up and operate laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. Discussed intensively herein are the equipment requirements, notations and general message syntaxes, control paradigms, message transactions, communication maintenance and locus of control, operational management, sample loading and processing, and error and exception handling.1.1 This specification covers deterministic remote control of laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. The labor-intensive process of integrating different equipment into an automated system is a primary problem in laboratory automation today. Hardware and software standards are needed to facilitate equipment integration thereby significantly reduce the cost and effort to develop fully automated laboratories.1.2 This Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification (LECIS) describes a set of standard equipment behaviors that must be accessible under remote control to set up and operate laboratory equipment in an automated laboratory. The remote control of the standard behaviors is defined as standard interactions that define the dialogue between the equipment and the control system that is necessary to coordinate operation. The interactions are described with state models in which individual states are defined for specific, discrete equipment behaviors. The interactions are designed to be independent of both the equipment and its function. Standard message exchanges are defined independently of any specific physical communication links or protocols for messages passing between the control system and the equipment.1.3 This specification is derived from the General Equipment Interface Definition developed by the Intelligent Systems and Robotics Center at Sandia National Laboratory, the National Institute of Standards Technologies' Consortium on Automated Analytical Laboratory Systems (CAALS) High-Level Communication Protocol, the CAALS Common Command Set, and the NISTIR 6294 (1-4). This LECIS specification was written, implemented, and tested by the Robotics and Automation Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory.1.4 Equipment Requirements-LECIS defines the remote control from a Task Sequence Controller (TSC) of devices exhibiting standard behaviors of laboratory equipment that meet the NIST CAALS requirements for Standard Laboratory Modules (SLMs) (5). These requirements are described in detail in Refs (3, 4). The requirements are:1.4.1 Predictable, deterministic behavior,1.4.2 Ability to be remotely controlled through a standard bidirectional communication link and protocol,1.4.3 Maintenance of remote communication even under local control,1.4.4 Single point of logical control,1.4.5 Universal unique identifier,1.4.6 Status information available at all times,1.4.7 Use of appropriate standards including the standard message exchange in this LECIS,1.4.8 Autonomy in operation (asynchronous operation with the TSC),1.4.9 Perturbation handling,1.4.10 Resource management1.4.11 Buffered inputs an outputs,1.4.12 Automated access to material ports,1.4.13 Exception monitoring and reporting,1.4.14 Data exchange via robust protocol,1.4.15 Fail-safe operation,1.4.16 Programmable configurations (for example, I/O ports),1.4.17 Independent power-up order, and1.4.18 Safe start-up behavior.

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