4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.4.1.1 The word ‘customer’ can refer to both customers internal and external to the laboratory or organization.1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.NOTE 1: This practice is based on the quality management concepts and principles advocated in ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000 standards, ISO/IEC 17025, ASQ Manual,2 and ASTM standards such as D3244, D4182, D4621, D6299, D6300, D7372, E29, E177, E456, E548, E882, E994, E1301, E1323, STP 15D,3 and STP 1209.41.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Data on the composition and characteristics of environmental atmospheres, such as ambient or work space air, are frequently used to evaluate the health and safety of humans. Data on the composition of atmospheric deposition samples are often used for environmental impact assessment.5.2 These data are frequently used to ascertain compliance with regulatory statutes that place limits on acceptable compositions and characteristics of these atmospheres.5.3 Laboratories that produce environmental sampling and analysis data and those who have the responsibility of selecting a laboratory to perform air quality studies need to know what criteria, practices, and recommendations have been accepted by consensus within this field of endeavor.5.4 Demonstration and documentation by a laboratory that there is judicious selection and control of organizational factors, facilities, resources, and operations enhance the reliability of the data produced and promote the acceptance of these data.1.1 This guide covers criteria to be used by those responsible for the selection, evaluation, operation, and control of laboratory organizations engaged in sampling and analysis of environmental atmospheres, including ambient, work space, and source emissions, as well as atmospheric deposition samples. For details specific to stack gases, see Practice D7036, which covers administrative issues in full; several specifics in this guide regarding laboratory operations may yet be helpful and do not overlap with Practice D7036.1.2 This guide presents features of organizations, facilities, resources, and operations which by their selection and control affect the reliability and credibility of the data generated.1.3 This guide presents the criteria for the selection and control of the features listed in 1.2 so that acceptable performance may be attained and sustained. Also, this guide presents recommendations for the correction of unacceptable performance.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These are minimum standards of quality assurance applicable to laboratories where analysis of seized-drug submissions is performed.4.2 This practice is to be used by forensic analysts performing seized-drug analysis and promoted/supported by laboratory management.1.1 This practice covers quality assurance issues in forensic laboratories performing seized-drug analysis including evidence handling, analytical procedures, report writing, method validation, documentation, proficiency testing, audits, and health and safety.1.2 This practice is meant to apply only to qualitative seized-drug analysis.1.3 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice is used when the number of participating laboratories or materials being tested, or both, in a precision study is less than the number specified by Practice E691. When possible, it is strongly recommended that a full Practice E691 standard protocol be followed to determine test method precision. Precision results produced by the procedures presented in this standard will not have the same degree of accuracy as results generated by a full Practice E691 protocol. This procedure will allow for the development of useful precision results when a full complement of laboratories is not available for interlaboratory testing.5.2 This practice is based on recommendations for interlaboratory studies and data analysis presented in Practice E691. This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but with a standard means for gathering information and treating the data needed for developing a precision statement for a test method when a complete Practice E691 interlaboratory study and data analysis are not possible.1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) for estimating the precision of a test method when fewer than six laboratories are available to meet the recommended minimum requirements of Practice E691. Data obtained from an interlaboratory study are useful in identifying variables that require modifications for improving test method performance and precision.1.2 Precision estimates developed using this practice will not be statistically equivalent to precision estimates produced by Practice E691 because a small number of laboratories are used. The smaller number of participating laboratories will seriously reduce the value of precision estimates reported by this practice. However, under circumstances where only a limited number of laboratories are available to participate in an ILS, precision estimates developed by this practice will provide the user with useful information concerning precision for a test method.1.3 A minimum of three qualified laboratories is required for conducting an ILS using this practice. If six or more laboratories are available to participate in an ILS for a given test method, Practice E691 shall be used for conducting the ILS.1.4 Since the primary purpose of this practice is the development of the information needed for a precision statement, the experimental design in this practice will not be optimum for evaluating all materials, test methods, or as a tool for individual laboratory analysis.1.5 Because of the reduced number of participating laboratories, a Laboratory Monitor shall be used in the ILS. See Guide E2335.1.6 Field of Application—This practice is concerned with test methods that yield numerical values or a series of numerical values for different properties associated with the test method. The numerical values mentioned above are typically the result of calculations from a set of measurements.1.7 This practice includes design information suitable for use with the development of interlaboratory studies for test methods that have categorization (go-no-go) allocation test results. However, it does not provide a recommended statistical practice for evaluating the go-no-go data.1.8 This practice cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.9 This practice is issued under Committee E05, but it is generic in its statistical approach such that it is applicable to any other method.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers specific criteria for evaluating the technical capabilities of laboratories involved in testing, measuring, inspecting, and calibrating activities related to chemical analysis of earth materials. In this specification, earth materials shall mean soil, rock, and contained fluids. For the sake of brevity, the term "laboratory" is used in this practice to represent all the above. 1.2 This specification addresses the minimum requirements for laboratories that analyze earth materials for metals, volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides, herbicides, PCBs, radionuclides, and various other parameters by miscellaneous wet chemistry techniques. 1.3 This specification presents specific criteria to be used in an evaluation, including restrictions, minimum requirements, and benchmarks of compliance for specific tests or for specific types of tests. 1.4 This specification is meant only for the evaluation of facilities performing chemical analysis of earth materials and is in no way intended to be an absolute guide. It shall not replace specific criteria that exist for test methods or that exist as separate standards. In instances where laboratory evaluation sections are included as part of a test method, or where specific criteria for test methods exist as separate standards, those separate criteria should also be considered. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 A laboratory quality assurance program is an essential program for laboratories within the nuclear industry. Guide C1009 provides guidance for establishing a quality assurance program for an analytical laboratory within the nuclear industry. This guide deals with the control of measurements aspect of the laboratory quality assurance program. Fig. 1 shows the relationship of measurement control with other essential aspects of a laboratory quality assurance program.FIG. 1 Quality Assurance of Analytical Laboratory Data4.2 The fundamental purposes of a measurement control program are to provide the with-use assurance (real-time control) that a measurement system is performing satisfactorily and to provide the data necessary to quantify measurement system performance. The with-use assurance is usually provided through the satisfactory analysis of quality control samples (reference value either known or unknown to the analyst). The data necessary to quantify measurement system performance is usually provided through the analysis of quality control samples or the duplicate analysis of process samples, or both. In addition to the analyses of quality control samples, the laboratory quality control program should address (1) the preparation and verification of standards and reagents, (2) data analysis procedures and documentation, (3) calibration and calibration procedures, (4) measurement method qualification, (5) analyst qualification, and (6) other general program considerations. Other elements of laboratory quality assurance also impact the laboratory quality control program. These elements or requirements include (1) chemical analysis procedures and procedure control, (2) records storage and retrieval requirements, (3) internal audit requirements, (4) organizational considerations, and (5) training/qualification requirements. To the extent possible, this standard will deal primarily with quality control requirements rather than overall quality assurance requirements, which are addressed in Guide C1009.4.3 Although this guide uses suggestive rather than prescriptive language (for example, “should” as opposed to “shall”), the elements being addressed should not be interpreted as optional. An effective and comprehensive laboratory quality control program should, at minimum, completely and adequately consider and include all elements listed in Section 1 and in the corresponding referenced sections of this guide.1.1 This guide provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a measurement system quality control program. Guidance is provided for general program considerations, preparation of quality control samples, analysis of quality control samples, quality control data analysis, analyst qualification, measurement system calibration, measurement method qualification, and measurement system maintenance.1.2 This guidance is provided in the following sections:  SectionGeneral Quality Control Program Considerations 5Quality Control Samples 6Analysis of Quality Control Samples 7Quality Control Data Analysis 8Analyst Qualification 9Measurement System Calibration 10Qualification of Measurement Methods and Systems 11Measurement System Maintenance 121.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Data on the composition and characteristics of water are frequently used to evaluate the health and safety to humans and the environment.5.2 Moreover, such data are frequently used for process control or to ascertain compliance with regulatory statutes that place limits on acceptable compositions and characteristics of waters.5.3 Laboratories that conduct water sampling and generate analytical data, and those persons who have the responsibility for selecting a laboratory to perform water quality studies, need to use criteria, guidelines, and recommendations that have been developed by consensus and are well accepted in making this selection.5.4 Demonstration and documentation by a laboratory that there was judicious selection and control of organization, facilities, resources, and operations will enhance the credibility of the data produced and promote its acceptance.1.1 This guide provides information on consensus good laboratory practices for laboratories that provide services in the sampling and analysis of water. As consensus standards, these are the minimum criteria that all laboratories should consider in establishing their good laboratory practices. This guide may not be applicable to certain types of laboratories (e.g., microbilogical).1.2 This guide is designed to be used by those responsible for the selection, operation, or control of laboratory organizations engaged in sampling and analysis of water.1.3 This guide presents features of organization, facilities, resources, and operations which affect the usefulness of the data generated.1.4 This guide presents criteria for selection and control of the features described in 1.3 and also makes recommendations for the correction of unacceptable performance.1.5 This guide describes methodology and practices intended to be completely consistent with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series of standards and Guide 25 – 1990 (1). 21.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This practice provides the basic criteria to be used by accreditation bodies and others in evaluating the qualifications of laboratories engaged in the testing of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures. The criteria in this practice shall be supplemented by additional specific criteria and requirements, when appropriate; for example, when necessary to be in accordance with federal, state, or local government regulations.4.2 The accreditation is for organizations and not individuals.4.3 The practice is intended to provide objective information on the capabilities needed by laboratories to determine lead in paint, dust, airborne particulates, and soil taken from and around buildings and related structures. It is not intended to be used to compare one laboratory with another.4.4 This practice is also intended for use by laboratories in the development and implementation of their management systems and for use to request or perform an evaluation of in-house facilities in accordance with this practice.1.1 This practice covers the qualifications, including minimum requirements for personnel and equipment, duties, responsibilities, and services of laboratories engaged in the determination of lead in paint, or settled dust, or airborne particulates, or soil, or any combination thereof, taken from and around buildings and related structures.1.2 This practice has been developed consistent with Guides E548 and E994, to supplement ISO/IEC 17025.1.3 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the practice.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 International standard ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 promotes the use of documented accountability and quality control procedures to assure a laboratory and its clients that the laboratory can produce technically valid data and results in the routine performance of its sampling, sample preparation and testing activities.3.2 A laboratory shall use ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 to develop its quality system. Clause 4 of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the requirements for sound management. Clause 5 of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the requirements for technical competence for the type of tests or calibrations, or both the laboratory undertakes.3.3 In addition to complying with the requirements of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025, the Annex of this standard practice contains information that shall be considered important for the evaluation and operation of a competent Coal and Coke sampling or testing facility, or both. The information in this Annex is presented where it is not otherwise covered in ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 or the applicable ASTM methods.3.4 Laboratory clients, regulatory authorities, and accreditation bodies that recognize the competence of testing and calibration laboratories can use this standard practice as the basis for their evaluation.3.5 The primary significance of this practice is to establish that for a laboratory to generate measurements traceable to SI units, it must:3.5.1 Have a clear understanding of the work requested by the client.3.5.2 Meet the quality system requirements of the internationally accepted ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 standard.3.5.3 Use test methods which have been shown to be traceable to SI units of measurement.3.5.4 Be able to demonstrate that the laboratory is in statistical control at the time the measurements are made.1.1 This practice specifies requirements to operate and evaluate the quality and management systems in a laboratory that provides services with respect to sample collection, sample preparation, or testing of coal, coke, and ash derived from coal or coke using ASTM standards that are under the jurisdiction of Committee D05 on Coal and Coke.NOTE 1: The word “laboratory” is used throughout this practice when referring to an organization that provides services in coal sampling or testing, or both. It is recognized, however, that the word may not be appropriate to an organization that does not perform actual laboratory sample testing.1.2 International standard ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 shall be the governing document specifying requirements for management, technical competence and evaluation of a laboratory.NOTE 2: An accrediting body or user of laboratory services can also impose technical or non-technical requirements not specifically addressed in ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 provided they do not invalidate the requirements of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025.1.3 This practice is used to evaluate only those capabilities specifically claimed by a laboratory.1.4 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The testing of hydraulic cement is an important element in obtaining quality construction. A testing laboratory must be selected with care.4.2 A testing laboratory shall be deemed qualified to perform and report the results of its tests if the laboratory meets the requirements of this practice.4.3 This practice provides guidance for evaluating the organization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of the laboratory. This practice may be supplemented by criteria and requirements for particular projects.1.1 This practice covers the technical training and experience of laboratory testing personnel and identifies the minimum technical requirements for laboratory equipment used in testing of hydraulic cement as prescribed by ASTM.1.2 This practice provides minimum criteria for evaluating the capability of a laboratory to perform chemical or physical tests listed in the various specifications on hydraulic cement (see Note 1).NOTE 1: Relevant hydraulic cement specifications are Specifications C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C845/C845M, and C1157/C1157M.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide is intended to assist the laboratories that analyze environmental samples with the development of a documented training program. The training program should develop and increase the competence of analysts and provide a means of recording the results of all proficiency testing.1.2 Some of the functions within a laboratory that can be addressed using this guide are as follows:1.2.1 Analysts,1.2.2 Technicians,1.2.3 Quality assurance (QA),1.2.4 Sample receiving and control, and1.2.5 Sample procurement (sampling).

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4.1 The mission of an analytical laboratory is to provide quality analyses on nuclear fuel cycle materials. An analytical laboratory QA program is comprised of planned and systematic actions needed to provide confidence that this mission is conducted in an acceptable and consistent manner.4.2 The analytical laboratories involved in the analysis of nuclear fuel cycle materials are required to implement a documented QA program. Regulatory agencies may mandate some form of control requirements for all or a part of a laboratory's operation. A documented QA program is also necessary for those laboratory operations required to comply with ASME NQA-1 or ISO/IEC 17025, or the requirements of many accreditation bodies. Even when not mandated, laboratory QA programs should be established as a sound and scientific technical practice. This guide provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a QA program to control those analytical operations vital to ensuring the quality of chemical analyses.4.3 Quality assurance programs are designed and implemented by organizations to assure that the quality requirements for a process, product or service will be fulfilled. The quality system is complementary to technical requirements that may be specific to a process or analytical method. Each laboratory should identify applicable program requirements and use standards to implement a quality program that meets the appropriate requirement. This guide may be used to develop and implement an analytical laboratory QA program. Other useful implementation standards and documents are listed in Section 2 and Appendix X1.4.4 The guides for QA in the analytical laboratory within the nuclear fuel cycle have been written to provide guidance for each of the major activities in the laboratory and are displayed in Fig. 1. The applicable standard for each subject is noted in the following sections.FIG. 1 Essential Elements of Analytical Laboratory Quality Assurance System4.5 Although this guide describes “Recommended Practices” and “Recommendations” and uses suggestive rather than prescriptive language (for example, “should” as opposed to “shall”), the elements being addressed should not be interpreted as optional. An effective and comprehensive laboratory quality assurance/quality control program completely and adequately considers and includes all elements listed in Sections 5 – 17 of this guide.1.1 This guide covers the establishment and maintenance of a quality assurance (QA) program for analytical laboratories within the nuclear industry. References to key elements of ASME NQA-1 and ISO/IEC 17025 provide guidance to the functional aspects of analytical laboratory operations. When implemented as recommended, the practices presented in this guide will provide a comprehensive QA program for the laboratory. The practices are grouped by functions, which constitute the basic elements of a laboratory QA program.1.2 The essential, basic elements of a laboratory QA program appear in the following order:  SectionOrganization 5Quality Assurance Program 6Training and Qualification 7Procedures 8Laboratory Records 9Control of Records 10Management of Customer Requests and Commitments to Customers 11Control of Procurement 12Control of Measuring Equipment and Materials 13Control of Measurements 14Control of Nonconforming Work 15Candidate Actions 16Preventative Actions 171.3 Collection of samples and associated sampling procedures are outside the scope of this guide. The user may refer to sampling practices developed by Subcommittee C26.02.1.4 Nuclear laboratories are required to handle a variety of hazardous materials, including but not limited to radioactive samples and materials. The need for proper handling of these materials is discussed in 13.2.4. While this guide focuses on the nuclear laboratory QA program, proper handling of nuclear materials is essential for proper function of the QA program.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Importance of Prequalification—For required accuracy of test results and reliability of certification, it is essential that testing laboratories be prequalified. This practice establishes those qualifications.4.2 Contractual Relationships: 4.2.1 Although testing laboratories may be qualified in accordance with this practice, it is important for the contracting authority to consider the relationship of the testing laboratory with other interested parties before engaging the laboratory to perform the testing. The other interested parties in the project usually consist of the manufacturer of the material to be tested, the contractor (bidder), the owner of the project (user and contracting authority), and the architect who serves as the owner's agent in preparing the contract documents.4.2.2 Many sealant manufacturers have their own qualified testing facilities that are used to conduct research and maintain quality control of their products. Generally, the companies that have such facilities are willing to certify as to the performance standards with which their products comply. The contracting authority should determine if there are conflicting interests in such a relationship. The contracting authority may prefer that the product testing to ascertain conformance with specific performance standards and the reporting of such testing be performed by a qualified but independent testing laboratory. The contract documents should make this requirement known so that bidders can bid accordingly.4.2.3 The testing of each caulking and sealant for each and every project can be costly. On a small building project, the cost of testing, if required, may be more than the cost of the sealant materials. On a large project, on the other hand, the cost of testing a sealant with accompanying certification by a qualified independent testing laboratory may be small in comparison to the sealant materials and commensurate with the assurances desired by the contracting authority.4.3 Requirements in Contract Documents: 4.3.1 In addition to specifying the performance standards that the caulking and sealants to be used on a project shall be in compliance with, state that proof of compliance shall be in the form of certification by a testing laboratory meeting the requirements of this practice.4.3.2 If the contracting authority desires that the testing and certification be by an independent testing laboratory this additional requirement should be included with the requirements stated in 4.3.1.1.1 This practice describes the qualifications, including minimum requirements for personnel and equipment, duties, responsibilities, and services of independent commercial materials testing laboratories engaged in the testing of caulking and sealants used in building construction.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Guide G96 describes a linear-polarization method and an electrical resistance method for online monitoring of corrosion in plant equipment without the need to enter the system physically to withdraw coupons. These two online monitoring techniques are useful in systems in which process upsets or other problems can create corrosive conditions. An early warning of corrosive attack can permit remedial action before significant damage occurs to process equipment. The two methods described in Guide G96 are suitable for uniform corrosion, but may not be sensitive enough for non-uniform corrosion, especially localized corrosion. This guide describes a new method for monitoring non-uniform corrosion, especially localized corrosion.4.2 The CMAS technique measures the net anodic current or net cathodic current from each of the individual electrodes (Iaex or Icex in Fig. 1), which is the characteristic of non-uniform corrosion such as localized corrosion and uneven general corrosion. Therefore, the CMAS technique can be used to estimate the rate of uneven general corrosion and localized corrosion (see Section 5).FIG. 1 Principle of CMAS ProbeNOTE 1: The upper section shows the electron flows from the corroding area to the less corroding areas inside a metal when localized corrosion takes place; the lower section shows the electron flows after the anodic and cathodic areas are separated into individual small electrodes and coupled through an external circuit that measures the anodic current (Iaex) and cathodic current (Icex) through each of the individual electrodes (4).4.3 Unlike uniform corrosion, the rate of non-uniform corrosion, especially localized corrosion, can vary significantly from one area to another area of the same metal exposed to the same environment. Allowance shall be made for such variations when the measured non-uniform corrosion rate is used to estimate the penetration of the actual metal structure or the actual wall of process equipment. This variability is less critical when relative changes in corrosion rate are to be detected, for example, to track the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in an inhibited system.4.4 The same as the method described in Guide G96, the CMAS technique described in this guide provides a technique for determining corrosion rates without the need to enter the system physically to withdraw coupons as required by the methods described in Guide G4.4.5 The same as the methods described in Guide G96, the CMAS technique is useful in systems in which process upsets or other problems can create corrosive conditions. An early warning of corrosive attack can permit remedial action before significant damage occurs to process equipment.4.6 The CMAS technique provides the instantaneous corrosion rate within 10 s to 40 s making it suitable for automatic corrosion inhibitor dosing control.4.7 The CMAS technique is an online technique and may be used to provide real-time measurements for internal corrosion of pipelines and process vessels, external corrosion of buried pipes and structures, and atmospheric corrosion of metal structures.1.1 This guide outlines the procedure for conducting corrosion monitoring in laboratories and plants by use of the coupled multielectrode array sensor (CMAS) technique.1.2 For plant applications, this technique can be used to assess the instantaneous non-uniform corrosion rate, including localized corrosion rate, on a continuous basis, without removal of the monitoring probes, from the plant.1.3 For laboratory applications, this technique can be used to study the effects of various testing conditions and inhibitors on non-uniform corrosion, including pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide can be used to evaluate the performance of a laboratory with regards to its adherence to established laboratory quality practices for the essential elements of managing a well-performing laboratory. The suggested scoring system can be used to identify the laboratory areas which need improvement in performance.The assessment guide (Table 1) should be adjusted or modified to reflect the specific laboratory quality system that the laboratory follows. This guide is based on Practice D6792.5.3 Similar but more generic schemes can be found in other ASTM standards such as Guide E548, E882, E994, and E1323. But this guide is the first one to attempt a numerical evaluation for the petroleum products and lubricants testing laboratories in the oil industry.TABLE 1 Laboratory Assessment Guide to Good Laboratory PracticesNote 1—When the sampling is within the control of the laboratory, documents other than quoted above may detail the sampling process (not only ASTM). For example, company procedures. These should be assessed as well to check compliance to industry standards and then to ensure the laboratory complies with these procedures.Note 2—Samples, when received by the laboratory from customers, should question the integrity of the sample and make some reference on the final test report to the fact that tests were completed on samples as received. If sample container was not appropriate, a similar caveat should be included. Instruction/procedure on how to deal with these situations should be documented and the laboratory assessed against it.Note 3—In-house instructions/operating procedures also need to be assessed where used/written for each test method.Number Issue Comment Maximum Score1.0 PERSONNEL & TRAINING 1.1 Is there an organization chart available for the lab? / 51.2 Is there a management approved policy, directive, endorsement or the like for the goals and operations of the laboratory? / 101.3 Are job descriptions provided for all laboratory associates? / 51.4 Are personnel qualification records including training maintained for all lab personnel? / 51.5 Are technicians trained in all pertinent tests? / 101.6 Are newly hired technicians trained by approved trainers? / 101.7 Before new technicians perform routine analysis, are they evaluated to produce correct results by analyzing quality control standards? / 101.8 Are technicians provided instrument training courses where necessary? / 101.9 Are there back-up technicians for each test? / 51.10 Is there a documented system for training and is it being followed? / 51.11 Is there a system to recognize innovative ideas from technicians? / 51.12 Are there quality improvement teams organized in the lab? / 51.13 Are results of these teams’ work readily available? / 51.14 Does management review the work of these quality teams? / 5 TOTAL /1952.0 SAMPLE PREPARATION 2.1A Has a representative sample been obtained per Practice D4057 or D4177 protocols? / 52.2B If the sample analysis involves LPG, does the sampling and storage follow instructions in Practice D6849? / 52.3B Are LPG samples obtained according to Practice D3700 if using a floating piston cylinder? / 52.4B Are LPG samples collected using manual method Practice D1265? / 52.5B For the analysis of calcined petroleum coke, is Practice D6969 followed for sample preparation? / 52.6B For collection of calcined petroleum coke, is Practice D6970 followed? / 52.7B For ampulization and storage of gasoline is Practice D6596 being followed? / 52.8B If volatility measurements are conducted on fuel samples, is Practice D5842 being followed? / 52.9B Is Practice D4296 being followed in sampling of pitch? / 52.10B Are aviation fuel samples stored in containers suitable according to Practice D4306 / 52.11B Are gas turbine fuels handled in accordance with Practice D4418? / 52.12B If in-service monitoring of fluids is done, is Practice D4378 being followed? / 52.13 Are appropriate sample containers being used, checked for their integrity, cleanliness, and compatibility? / 52.14B Is liquid sample mixing done using Practice D5854 protocol? / 5 TOTAL / 1753.0 TEST METHOD COMPLIANCE 3.1 Are all test methods used in the lab available to all staff members? / 103.2 Is a current site specific lab manual available? / 103.3 Are the methods specified in the product specifications used for analysis? / 103.4 Are all tests performed in the lab following the exact language of the written test methods? / 303.5C Has the lab modified any of the specified test methods? ?3.6 If so, has it been shown that the modified method gives results equivalent to those obtained by the specified method? / 203.7 If a method is modified, is the customer informed about this change? / 53.8 Are all tests specified in the product specifications performed? / 103.9 If not, has approval been given in writing by the process leaders and/or customers not to carry out all tests? / 53.10 Does the lab have appropriate instrument for the analysis? / 103.11 Is an equipment inventory list available and is it up-to-date? / 53.12 Are major instruments included in service contracts? / 53.13 If not, has arrangement been made to get the instrument speedily repaired or use of a back-up lab for analysis? / 53.14 Are logs kept of all downtime and service problems of all instruments? / 53.15 Is there a system of backup in case of instrument failure? / 53.16 Is there a long range plan of upgrading and replacing older instrumentation? / 53.17 Has a maintenance schedule been established for all equipment in the lab? / 103.18 Is a record of special or routine or preventive maintenance kept and is it up-to-date? / 53.19 If a duplicate analysis is done for some reason, are the results checked to see that they meet Practice D3244 or ISO 4259 criteria for replicate testing? / 103.20 In reporting the results, are protocols given in Practice E29 and standards followed regarding rounding of the test results? / 10 TOTAL / 1754.0 CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENTS 4.1 Are all pertinent calibration standards available in the lab? / 104.2 Are they all stored in clean, safe, and contamination-free environment? / 104.3B Is Practice D4307 followed for preparing liquid blends for use as analytical standards? / 54.4B Is Practice D4051 used for the preparation of low-pressure gas blends? / 54.5 Are the calibration standards traceable to national or international standards? / 54.6 Where appropriate, are the values for reference materials produced by following the appropriate NIST or other standards issuing body certification protocol? / 104.7B If used, are crude oil samples for mercury analysis handled as per Practice D7482? / 54.8 Is relevant calibration done on all instruments before sample analysis? / 104.9 Has a calibration schedule been established for lab equipment? / 54.10 Are calibration procedures documented and available to all lab personnel? / 104.11 If the calibration is done through a vendor, is it checked that it meets the requirements? / 104.12 Are all calibration records maintained containing all necessary information? / 104.13 When found to be out of calibration, is the instrument taken out of operation until the problem is fixed? / 104.14B Was the performance of process stream analyzer, if used, validated using Practice D3764 or D6122, whichever is applicable? / 54.15B If used, are moisture analyzers calibrated per Practice D4178? / 54.16B If analyzers are used has a linear correlation been established between the analyzer and primary ASTM test methods using Guide D7235? / 154.17B If metals are analyzed using ICP-AES, is Practice D7260 followed for ICP-AES operation? / 104.18B If metals are analyzed using XRF, is Practice D7343 followed for XRF operation? / 104.19B If balances are used for analytical purposes, are they being calibrated using Test Method E898? / 104.20B If thermometric measuring devices are being used, are they calibrated using Test Method E77? / 104.21B If timers are used for measurement purposes, are they being calibrated or verified using the relevant standard test method? / 10 TOTAL / 1805.0 STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL 5.1 Is a QC program set up for each routine test performed in the lab, if pertinent? / 105.2 Has a schedule of QC frequency been established and followed? / 105.3 What is the frequency of QC testing? / 105.4D Is a QC samples analyzed with each “batch” of samples? / 105.5 Is a list available showing tests with QC program, standards, frequency, and the analyst responsible for running it? / 105.6 Are control charts used in the lab for all appropriate tests? / 105.7 Are the control charts being plotted in real time? / 105.8E Are the control charts plotted manually or electronically? / 55.9F Are the control charts plotted by technicians or supervisors? / 105.10G Are the control charts displayed near the test stations or filed in cabinets? / 55.11 Are all relevant data recorded on the QC charts (e.g., analyst name or initial, date, numerical value, etc.)? / 105.12 Are the values reported on the control chart consistent with the reporting resolution in the test method? / 55.13 Are the mean ± standard deviation values assigned to the QC sample based on at least 20 replicate measurements? /105.14 If starting the chart with 15 or less data points, is it revised after obtaining 20 -30 data points? (D6299) /105.15H How many statistical run rules are used for control charts? / 105.16 Have any run rules been violated? / 105.17 What action was taken in such cases? Is the action taken documented? / 0 –105.18 If a QC data point is found to be out-ofcontrol, are the samples analyzed between the last good QC data point and the first bad data point reanalyzed? / 105.19 Are appropriate QC samples being used for specific tests and relevant to the matrices being analyzed? / 55.20 Are QC samples prepared from stable, homogenous and well-characterized materials similar to the samples being analyzed? / 55.21I Is the same material used both for calibration and QC? / 105.22 Is QC material available in sufficiently large quantities? / 105.23 Is a program in place to replace the depleting QC material with a new lot of material? / 105.24 Is action taken when the control chart displays an upset? / 105.25 Is the action taken noted on the control chart? / 105.26 Does it appear that the corrective action taken has improved the chart? / 55.27 Does every test have a control chart? -If not, why not? / 105.28 Are sigmas calculated and updated from the control chart data? (D6299) / 105.29 Are they equivalent or better than the ones quoted in the standard test methods? / 105.30 If TPIs calculated are below the expected level in the standard methods, is any action taken to improve this situation? / 105.31J Are the sample results reported to the customers if the QC analysis is found to be out of control? / 0 – 105.32 Does the laboratory use random and/or blind testing to evaluate the performance? / 5 – 05.33 Are procedures in place to revise or replace the QC charts with new ones? (Practice D6792) / 10 TOTAL / 2956.0 QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS 6.1 Does the laboratory have or is it a part of site ISO 9000 registration? / 106.2 Does the laboratory have ISO 17025 accreditation? / 106.3 Does the laboratory have any other quality accreditation? Specify. / 106.4 Is there a specific quality manager (or other designation) overseeing the quality activities in the laboratory? / 106.5 Is there a written quality manual? / 106.6 Are all staff trained in the quality principles and manual? / 106.7 Is a sample Analysis schedule available? / 106.8 Are all test method files up-to-date with current version? / 106.9 Does the laboratory conduct periodic internal audits to check that the expected quality systems are working? / 206.10 Are audits of test methods conducted to confirm adherence to documented test methods? / 206.11 Are the results promptly documented and action, if necessary, taken to correct the deficiencies? / 106.12 If deficiencies are observed in external audits (e.g., ISO 9000), are prompt corrective actions taken and documented? / 206.13 Is there a procedure for following up on any customer complaints and documenting the results? / 106.14 Has the laboratory established continuous improvement goal and teams to implement them? / 106.15 Are the activity reports of such teams available showing continuous improvement? / 10 TOTAL /1807.0 PARTICIPATION IN PROFICIENCY TESTING 7.1 Does the laboratory take part in pertinent round robins or crosschecks? / 10– 07.2 What is the frequency of the laboratory’s participation in such round robins? ?7.3 How many outliers did the lab have in the last three proficiency test programs?- How many tests were found with consecutive outliers in them? /0 –107.4 What corrective actions, if any, are taken to follow up on the unsatisfactory proficiency testing results? /0 – 107.5 Does the lab participate in ASTM ILCP cross checks? / 0 – 107.6 Are the Z-scores assigned to lab results satisfactory? / 107.7B Does the lab take part in TMC surveillance panel analysis? / 0 – 107.8B If the lab takes part in TMC surveillance, how well was the lab rated by TMC? / NA-10 TOTAL / 708.0 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 8.1 Are all samples submitted to lab logged in before the analysis? / 108.2 Does each submitted sample receive an unique identification number? / 58.3 Does the system produce backlog and turnaround time reports? / 58.4 Are all analyzed samples logged out? / 58.5 Are certificates of analysis printed out when the analysis is complete? / 58.6 Do all COAs have all necessary information (e.g., analyst name or initials, day/time, sample identification name or number, test method used, numerical or other results)? / 108.7 Does the system plot quality control charts? / 108.8 Does the system flag out-of-statistical control data? / 108.9 Are all staff members familiar with the IMS? / 108.10 Does the lab have a documented system for sample retention? / 58.11 Are all data (e.g., weights, volumes, dilutions, analyst, results, etc.) produced in the lab permanently recorded? / 108.12 Are all required records kept for required period of time? / 58.13 Is there a document control system established in the lab? / 58.14 If some analyses are done by subcontracting to another lab is this clearly indicated in the COA? / 58.15 Before using an outside lab for analysis, has it been audited for its suitability to do the analysis? / 58.16 Are all various records kept in a secure place with only authorized personnel being admitted therein? /5 TOTAL / 1109.0 NON-CONFORMANCE AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 9.1 Does the lab have a documented procedure for corrective actions and non-conformances, including Corrective Action Report (CAR)? Were they documented? Approximate number of CARs per year? / 209.2 What items are addressed by the corrective action system? / 109.3 Are roles and responsibilities for initiation, investigation, root cause analysis, corrective action, review, and approval identified and documented? / 209.4 Is reviewer and/or approver separate from the initiator/investigator if possible? / 109.5 Is there a target date for CAR closure? / 109.6 Are CARs closed in a timely manner? / 109.7 Do CAR forms have all appropriate signatures? / 109.8 How does the lab tract status of active CARs? / 109.9 Activities that demonstrate review or continuous improvement. / 20 TOTAL / 12010.0 SAFETY PRACTICES 10.1 Are all lab personnel trained in safety and emergency procedures? 10.2 Do all personnel have and use personal protective equipment (e.g., safety glasses, lab coats, gloves, safety shoes, etc.)? 10.3 Are fire extinguishers, safety showers, eye washers working properly? 10.4 Is there a regularly scheduled safety inspection? 10.5 Are chemicals and solvents stored in proper safety cabinets? 10.6 Are hoods properly ventilated? 10.7 Are gas cylinders properly secured and safety valves inspected? 10.8 Are MSDS sheets or other safety information on chemicals in the lab readily available? 10.9 Are used chemicals and samples properly disposed off in accordance with government regulations? 10.10 Does the lab have a clean and neat appearance? 10.11 Does the lab environment meet regulations regarding temperature range, dust, noise, radiation, drafts, etc.? A In some organizations, the sampling activity may be outside the control of the laboratory unit. For some products these standards may not be applicable.B If these specific products are not analyzed in the lab, these questions do not apply.C If the lab has not modified any of the test methods, credit should be given for that. If the laboratory has modified test methods, questions 3.5 and 3.6 would be pertinent.D At least 5 % of the samples analyzed should be QCs. However, in each batch QC should accompany the samples.E This is an informational question. Either answer is satisfactory.F Control charts should be plotted by the person who performs the analysis.G It is preferable that the charts be displayed near the test station, if possible.H Ideally 4 to 5 run rules should be used. See Practice D6792 for details.I The same material should not be used for both calibration and QC.J The sample results should not be reported to the customers if QC is out of control.1.1 This guide covers and provides direction for the self-assessment of the quality system practices in a laboratory testing petroleum products and lubricants in the oil industry. This guide is intended to satisfy requirements of international laboratory quality standards to conduct periodic self-assessments. It is not intended for comparing laboratory performance among a laboratory group or for use in external certification programs.1.2 Other forms of assessment formats may also be acceptable as long as they cover the essential elements of this guide regarding laboratory capability.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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