5.1 The green strength value determined under the conditions specified by this test method is influenced by the characteristics of the powder, how it compacts under the specified conditions (that is, the particle to particle bonding that exists following compacting), and the lubrication system used.5.2 Knowledge of the green strength value is useful to the production, characterization, and utilization of metal powders in the manufacture of PM structural parts and bearings.5.3 The test for green strength of a compacted metal powder can be used to:5.3.1 Relate the resistance of a pressed compact to breakage or damage due to handling.5.3.2 Compare the quality of a metal powder or powder mixture from lot to lot.5.3.3 Determine the effect of the addition of a lubricant or other powders to a base powder.5.3.4 Evaluate powder mixing or blending variables.5.4  Factors that are known to influence the green strength of a metal powder are particle shape, particle size distribution, and compressibility of the metal powder.5.5 The amount and type of lubricant or other additives and the mixing procedures have a strong effect on the green strength of specimens produced from metal powder mixtures.1.1 This standard covers a test method that may be used to measure the transverse rupture strength of a compacted but unsintered (green) test specimen produced from lubricated or unlubricated metal powders or powder mixtures.1.2 Green strength is measured by a quantitative laboratory procedure in which the fracture strength is calculated from the force required to break an unsintered test specimen supported as a simple beam while subjected to a uniformly increasing three-point transverse load under controlled conditions.1.3 This test method is a companion standard to Test Method B528 that covers the measurement of the transverse rupture strength of sintered PM test specimens.1.4 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers double pour, centrifugally cast, abrasion-resistant roll shells for general application. The outer layer is white iron and the inner layer is gray iron and there shall be no gradient of mottled iron these layers. Both the white and the gray irons may be melted by any suitable melting process. The white iron portion of the casting shall be produced by chemistry rather than chilling. A chemical analysis of the white and gray irons shall be taken and the chemical compositions shall be controlled to obtain the required mechanical properties. The white iron (Types I, II, III, and IV) shall conform to the specified Brinell hardness and the gray iron (Class Nos. 20, 25, 30, and 35) shall conform to the specified tensile strength. The minimum thickness of the white iron layer is given. Hardness and tension tests of the cast dual metal shall be performed.1.1 This specification covers double pour, centrifugally cast, abrasion-resistant roll shells for general application. The outer layer is white iron and the inner layer is gray iron. There shall be no gradient of mottled iron between the white iron and the gray iron.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Acoustic emission examination of a structure requires application of a mechanical or thermal stimulus. In this case, the system operating conditions provide the stimulation. During operation of the pressurized system, AE from active discontinuities such as cracks or from other acoustic sources such as leakage of high-pressure, high-temperature fluids can be detected by an instrumentation system using sensors mounted on the structure. The sensors are acoustically coupled to the surface of the structure by means of a couplant material or pressure on the interface between the sensing device and the structure. This facilitates the transmission of acoustic energy to the sensor. When the sensors are excited by acoustic emission energy, they transform the mechanical excitations into electrical signals. The signals from a detected AE source are electronically conditioned and processed to produce information relative to source location and other parameters needed for AE source characterization and evaluation.5.2 AE monitoring on a continuous basis is a currently available method for continuous surveillance of a structure to assess its continued integrity. The use of AE monitoring in this context is to identify the existence and location of AE sources. Also, information is provided to facilitate estimating the significance of the detected AE source relative to continued pressure system operation.5.3 Source location accuracy is influenced by factors that affect elastic wave propagation, by sensor coupling, and by signal processor settings.5.4 It is possible to measure AE and identify AE source locations of indications that cannot be detected by other NDT methods, due to factors related to methodological, material, or structural characteristics.5.5 In addition to immediate evaluation of the AE sources, a permanent record of the total data collected (AE plus pressure system parameters measured) provides an archival record which can be re-evaluated.1.1 This practice provides guidelines for continuous monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) from metal pressure boundaries in industrial systems during operation. Examples are pressure vessels, piping, and other system components which serve to contain system pressure. Pressure boundaries other than metal, such as composites, are specifically not covered by this document.1.2 The functions of AE monitoring are to detect, locate, and characterize AE sources to provide data to evaluate their significance relative to pressure boundary integrity. These sources are those activated during system operation, that is, no special stimulus is applied to produce AE. Other methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) may be used, when the pressure boundary is accessible, to further evaluate or substantiate the significance of detected AE sources.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is designed to produce tensile property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the tensile response and should be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include the following:5.1.1 Ultimate tensile strength,5.1.2 Ultimate tensile strain,5.1.3 Tensile modulus of elasticity, and5.1.4 Poissons ratio.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of metal matrix composites reinforced by continuous and discontinuous high-modulus fibers. Nontraditional metal matrix composites as stated in 1.1.6 also are covered in this test method. This test method applies to specimens loaded in a uniaxial manner tested in laboratory air at either room temperature or elevated temperatures. The types of metal matrix composites covered are:1.1.1 Unidirectional—Any fiber-reinforced composite with all fibers aligned in a single direction. Continuous or discontinuous reinforcing fibers, longitudinal and transverse properties.1.1.2 0°/90° Balanced Crossply—A laminate composed of only 0 and 90° plies. This is not necessarily symmetric, continuous, or discontinuous reinforcing fibers.1.1.3 Angleply Laminate—Any balanced laminate consisting of ± theta plies where theta is an acute angle with respect to a reference direction. Continuous reinforcing fibers without 0° reinforcing fibers (that is, (±45)ns, (±30)ns, and so forth).1.1.4 Quasi-Isotropic Laminate—A balanced and symmetric laminate for which a constitutive property of interest, at a given point, displays isotropic behavior in the plane of the laminate. Continuous reinforcing fibers with 0° reinforcing fibers (that is, (0/±45/90)s, (0/±30)s, and so forth).1.1.5 Unoriented and Random Discontinuous Fibers.1.1.6 Directionally Solidified Eutectic Composites.1.2 The technical content of this standard has been stable since 1996 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this standard, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards. The standard therefore should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1996. Future maintenance of the standard will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers factory-made poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC) plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe and fittings primarily intended for conveying corrosive liquids and gases. Requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, construction, working pressure and temperatures, test methods, and markings are included. Note 1-This specification does not include products coated with PVDC nor does it define the suitability of PVDC-lined components in chemical environments. 1.2 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.3 The ferrous piping products shall meet the requirements of the relevant specifications listed in 1.3.1, 1.3.2, and 1.3.3. Nominal sizes from 1 through 8 in. in 125, 150, and 300 psi ratings are covered. Note 2-The PVDC sealing faces may prevent achievement of the full pressure rating of the ferrous housing. For pressure limitations, the manufacturer should be consulted. 1.3.1 For Ferrous Pipe: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Pipe, Steel, Black, and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless A 53 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A 106 Electric-Resistance-Welded-Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing A 513 Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe A 135 Electric-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical Industry A 587 1.3.2 For Ferrous Flanges: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Gray Iron Castings A 48 Forgings, Carbon Steel for Piping Components A 105 Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings A 126 Forgings, Carbon Steel for General Purpose Piping A 181 Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service A 182 Carbon-Steel Castings Suitable for Fusion Welding for High-Temperature Service A 216 Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures up to 650

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

Concepts:This guide summarizes the equipment, field procedures, and interpretation methods for using the metal detection method for locating subsurface metallic objects. Personnel requirements are as discussed in Practice D3740.Method—Metal detectors are electromagnetic instruments that work on the principle of induction, using typically two coils (antennas); a transmitter and a receiver. Both coils are fixed in respect to each other and are used near the surface of the earth. Either an alternating or a pulsed voltage is applied to the transmitter coil causing electrical eddy currents to be induced in the earth. The electrical currents flowing in the earth are proportional to electrical conductivity of the medium. Theses currents generate eddy currents in buried metallic objects that is detected and measured by the receiver (Fig. 1).Parameter Measured and Representative Values:Frequency Domain Metal Detectors:Frequency domain metal detectors apply an alternating current having a fixed frequency and amplitude to the transmit coil which generates a time-varying magnetic field around the coil. This field induces eddy currents in nearby metallic objects that in turn generate time-varying magnetic fields of their own. These eddy-fields induce a voltage in the receiver coil. The presence of metal causes small changes in the phase and amplitude of the receiver voltage. Most metal detectors amplify the differences in the receiver coil voltage caused by nearby metal and generate an audible sound or meter (analog or digital) reading.Ground conductivity meters (frequency domain metal detectors) measure the two-components of the secondary magnetic field simultaneously. The first is the quadrature-phase component which indicates soil electrical conductivity and is measured in millisiemens per meter (mS/m). The second is the inphase component, which is related to the subsurface magnetic susceptibility and is measured in parts per thousand (ppt) (that is, the ratio between the primary and secondary magnetic fields).(1) Conductivity Measurements (Quadrature-Phase Component)Metallic objects within a few feet of the surface will cause induced magnetic field distortions that will result in zero or even negative values of measured conductivity. Deeper metallic objects will cause less field distortion and lead to measured conductivities which are abnormally high in comparison to site background values.(2) Inphase ComponentInphase measurements are more sensitive to metal than conductivity measurements. Thus, inphase anomalies may indicate the presence of metal at a greater depth than the conductivity measurements.Time Domain Metal Detectors:In time domain metal detectors, a transmitter generates a pulsed primary magnetic field in the earth. After each pulse, secondary magnetic fields are induced briefly from moderately conductive earth, and for a longer time from metallic targets. Between each pulse, the metal detector waits until the response from the conductive earth dissipates, and then measures the prolonged buried metal response. This response is measured in millivolts (mV).Equipment—Metal detectors generally consist of transmitter electronics and transmitter coil, power supply, receiver electronics and receiver coil. Metal detectors are usually single individual portable.Typical “treasure-hunter” metal detectors provide an audible signal and/or meter reading (analog or digital) when metal is detected.Quadrature and inphase measurements from ground conductivity meters are shown either on analog or digital meters. These measurements can often be recorded digitally in the field using a small field recorder, strip-chart recorder, or computer.Time domain metal detectors can consist of either one or two receiver coils. When two coils are used, one coil is typically placed above the other. Readings from both coils are recorded simultaneously. In order to improve detection of deeper metallic targets, the differential response from the two receiver coils can be used to suppress the response from smaller, shallower metallic targets. Some time domain metal detectors are mounted on wheels, allowing for the use of odometers to provide location data.Limitations and Interferences:General Limitations Inherent to Geophysical Methods:A fundamental limitation of all geophysical methods is that a given set of data cannot be associated with a unique set of subsurface conditions. In most situations, surface geophysical measurements alone cannot resolve all ambiguities, and some additional information, such as borehole data, is advised. Because of this inherent limitation in the geophysical methods, a metal detector survey alone can never be considered a complete assessment of subsurface conditions. Properly integrated with other geologic information, metal detector surveying is a highly effective method of obtaining subsurface information.In addition, all surface geophysical methods are inherently limited by decreasing resolution with depth.Limitations Specific to the Metal Detection Method:Several factors influence metal detector response: the properties of the target, the properties of the soil/rock, and the characteristics of the metal detector itself. The target’s size, depth, and condition of burial are the three most important factors.The larger the surface area of the target, the greater the eddy current that may be induced, and the greater the depth at which the target may be detected.The metal detector’s response decreases at a rate equal to the reciprocal of its depth up to the sixth power (1/depth6). Therefore, if the distance to the target is doubled, the metal detector response will decrease by a factor of 64. Consequently, the metal detector is a relatively shallow-depth device. It is generally restricted to detecting small objects at relatively shallow depths or larger targets at limited depths. Generally, most metal detectors are incapable of responding to targets at depths much greater than 6 m.Although the shape, orientation, and composition of a target will influence the metal detector response, these factors will have much less influence than will the size and depth of the target. Target deterioration, however, has a significant impact. Metallic containers will corrode in natural soils conditions. If a container is corroded, its surface area will be significantly reduced, and in turn will degrade the response of a metal detector.Because the metal detector’s response weakens rapidly with increasing distance to the target, system gain and instrument stability are important. The size of the coil controls the size and depth of the metallic target that can be detected as shown in Fig. 2.Interferences Caused by Natural and Cultural Conditions:Sources of noise referred here do not include those of a physical nature such as difficult terrain or man-made obstructions but rather those of a geologic, ambient, or cultural nature that can adversely affect the measurements and hence the interpretation.Natural Sources of Noise—Some kinds of soil/rock, particularly those containing high iron content (often known as mineralized soil) affect receiver coil output strongly enough to indicate the presence of a metal target with certain kinds of metal detectors. Some types of metal detectors provide a means for compensating the output for the ground effect. This usually requires the operator to position the detector near the ground (but not near a metal target) and adjust a control until the target signal disappears. Small variations in the soil characteristics and stones (particularly those containing metallic compounds) can cause small changes in the detector output. Often these changes cause small target-like signals, known as “ground noise.” These can confuse the operator because they sound like small targets.Cultural Sources of Noise—Cultural sources of noise can include interference from electrical power lines, communications equipment, nearby buildings, and metal fences. Interference from power lines is inversely proportional to the distance between power line and detector; therefore most metal detectors with small coils are generally unaffected.Surveys should not be made in close proximity to buildings, metal fences or buried metal pipe lines that can be detected by the metal detection method, unless detection of the buried pipe line, for example, is the object of the survey. It is sometimes difficult to predict the appropriate distance from the potential sources of noise. Measurements made on-site can quickly yield the magnitude of the problem, and adjustments can then be made.Precaution must also be taken to remove metal from the operator, or to minimize its effects. Steel-toe boots, respirators, and air bottles can all cause considerable problems with noise.Summary—During the course of designing and carrying out a metal detection survey, the sources of ambient, geologic and cultural noise must be considered and the time of occurrence and location noted. The exact form of the interference is not always predictable, as it not only depends upon the type of noise and the magnitude of the noise but also upon the distance from the source of noise and possibly the time of day.1.1 Purpose and Application—This guide summarizes the equipment, field procedures, and interpretation methods for the assessment of subsurface materials using the metal detection method. Metal detectors respond to the presence of both ferrous and nonferrous metals by inducing eddy currents in conductive objects. Metal detectors are either frequency domain (continuous frequency or wave) or time domain (pulsed) systems. A wide range of metal detectors is commonly available.1.1.1 Metal detectors can detect any kind of metallic material, including both ferrous metals such as iron and steel, and non-ferrous metals such as aluminum and copper. In contrast, magnetometers only detect ferrous metals.1.1.2 Metal detector measurements can be used to detect the presence of buried metal trash, drums (Tyagi et al, 1983) (1) and tanks, abandoned wells (Guide D6285); to trace buried utilities; and to delineate the boundaries of landfill metal and trench metal. They are also used to detect metal based unexploded ordnance (UXO).1.2 Limitations:1.2.1 This guide provides an overview of the metal detection method. This guide does not provide or address the details of the theory, field procedures, or interpretation of the data. References are included for that purpose and are considered an essential part of this guide. It is recommended that the user of this guide be familiar with the references cited and with the ASTM standards D420, D653, D5088, D5608, D5730, D5753, D6235, D6429, and D6431.1.2.2 This guide is limited to metal detection measurements made on land. The metal detection method can be adapted for a number of special uses on land, water, airborne and ice.1.2.3 The approaches suggested in this guide for the metal detection method are commonly used, widely accepted, and proven. However, other approaches or modifications to the metal detection method that are technically sound may be substituted.1.2.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 Precautions:1.4.1 It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to follow any precautions in the equipment manufacturer's recommendations and to establish appropriate health and safety practices.1.4.2 If the method is used at sites with hazardous materials, operations, or equipment, it is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of any regulations prior to use.1.4.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 A tiered strategy for characterization of nanoparticle properties is necessary to draw meaningful conclusions concerning dose-response relationships observed during inhalation toxicology experiments. This tiered strategy includes characterization of nanoparticles as produced (that is, measured as the bulk material sold by the supplier) and as administered (that is, measured at the point of delivery to a test subject) (Oberdorster et al. (6)).5.2 Test Methods B922 and C1274 and ISO 9277 and ISO 18757 exist for determination of the as produced surface area of bulk metal and metal oxide powders. During the delivery of nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers, the material properties may undergo change and therefore have properties that differ from the material as produced. This test method describes the determination of the as administered surface area of airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicology studies.1.1 This test method covers determination of surface area of airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicology studies. Surface area may be measured by gas adsorption methods using adsorbates such as nitrogen, krypton, and argon (Brunauer et al. (1),2 Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) or by ion attachment and mobility-based methods (Ku and Maynard (4)). This test method is specific to the measurement of surface area by gas adsorption by krypton gas adsorption. The test method permits the use of any modern commercial krypton adsorption instruments but strictly defines the sample collection, outgassing, and analysis procedures for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Use of krypton is required due to the low overall surface area of particle-laden samples and the need to accurately measure the background surface area of the filter used for sample collection. Instrument-reported values of surface area based on the multipoint Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) equation (Brunauer et al. (1), Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) are used to calculate surface area of airborne nanoparticles collected on a filter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers centrifugally cast cylinders with an outer layer of white cast iron and the remainder of the material of gray cast iron. These castings are suitable for pressure containing parts of the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. The white iron portion of the cylinder shall be made to a minimum hardness and the casting process shall be controlled to produce a metallurgical bond between the two metal layers. All surfaces shall be machined prior to the cylinders being placed into service. The tensile strength of the cast irons shall be measured by tension testing while the thickness of the white cast iron shall be determined by ultrasonic testing.1.1 This specification2 covers centrifugally cast cylinders with an outer layer of white cast iron and the remainder of the material of gray cast iron. These castings are suitable for pressure-containing parts, the design strength of which is based on the gray iron portion of the cylinder. These castings are suitable for service at temperatures up to 450 °F [230 °C].1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers solder metal alloys (also known as soft solders) used in non-electronic applications, including but not limited to, tin-lead, tin-antimony, tin-antimony-copper-silver, tin-antimony-copper-silver-nickel, tin-silver, tin-copper-silver, and lead-tin-silver, used for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points. Included here are solders in the form of solid bars, ingots, powder and special forms, and in the form of solid and flux-core ribbons, wires, and solder pastes. Electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solders for electronic soldering applications are not taken into account here. Solder alloys shall adhere to chemical composition requirements specified for the following flux types: Types R, RMA, and RA, which are composed of Grade WW or WG gum rosin; Type OA, which is composed of water-soluble organic materials; Type OS, which is composed of water-insoluble organic materials; and Type IS, which is composed of inorganic saltsor acids. Solders shall also meet physical property requirements such as paste texture, powder mesh size, viscosity, solder pool, and dryness, and pass performance requirements such as chlorides and bromides test, copper mirror test, and visual inspection. Other properties to which the alloys should conform to are dimensions and unit weights, spread factor, and resistivity of water extract.1.1 This specification covers solder metal alloys (commonly known as soft solders) used in non-electronic applications, including but not limited to, tin-lead, tin-antimony, tin-antimony-copper-silver, tin-antimony-copper-silver-nickel, tin-silver, tin-copper-silver, and lead-tin-silver, used for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points. Electronic grade solder alloys and fluxed and non-fluxed solid solders for electronic soldering applications are not covered by this specification as they are under the auspices of IPC – Association Connecting Electronic Industries.1.1.1 These solders include those alloys having a liquidus temperature not exceeding 800°F (430°C).1.1.2 This specification includes solders in the form of solid bars, ingots, powder and special forms, and in the form of solid and flux-core ribbon, wire, and solder paste.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification establishes requirements for an alloy having a composition of copper, tin, lead, and zinc which is used for component castings of valves, flanges, and fittings. The specimen shall have the chemical composition of major elements: copper, tin, lead zinc, nickel including cobalt. It must also be comprised of the following residual elements: iron, antimony, sulfur, phosphorus, aluminum, and silicon. Mechanical properties shall be determined from separately cast test bars. Castings shall not be repaired, plugged, welded or burned-in. Valves, flanges, and fittings shall be marked accordingly in such position as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.1.1 This specification2 establishes requirements for an alloy having a composition of copper, tin, lead, and zinc, used for component castings of valves, flanges, and fittings. The common trade name of this alloy is 85-5-5-5; the correct identification is Copper Alloy UNS No. C83600.31.2 The castings covered are used in products that may be manufactured in advance and supplied from stock from the manufacturer or other dealer.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for the routine analysis of reactive metals and reactive metal alloys to verify compliance with compositional specifications such as those specified by Committees B09 and B10. It is expected that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.1.1 This test method applies to the determination of hydrogen in reactive metals and reactive metal alloys, particularly titanium and zirconium, with mass fractions from 9 mg/kg to 320 mg/kg.1.2 This method has been interlaboratory tested for titanium and zirconium and alloys of these metals and can provide quantitative results in the range specified in 1.1. It may be possible to extend the quantitative range of this method provided a method validation study, as described in Guide E2857, is performed and the results of the study show the method extension meets laboratory data quality objectives. This method may also be extended to alloys other than titanium and zirconium provided a method validation study, as described in Guide E2857, is performed.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 9.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is used to determine the dimensional changes and physical stability of the product upon exposure to specified cyclic thermal conditions. It is also useful in determining the integrity of the bond between the metal foil and the SBS-modified bituminous compound.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of movement due to cyclic thermal exposure of SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene)-modified bituminous sheets with a factory-applied metal foil surface.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers factory-made perfluoro (ethylene-propylene) copolymer (FEP) plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe and fittings, primarily intended for conveying corrosive liquids and gases. Requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, design, construction, working pressures and temperatures, test methods, and markings are included. Note 1-The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. Note 2-This specification does not include products coated with FEP nor does it define the suitability of FEP-lined components in chemical environments. 1.2 The ferrous piping products shall meet the requirements of the relevant specification listed in 1.2.1 through 1.2.4. Nominal sizes from 1 through 12 in. in 150 and 300 psi (1.0 to 2.0 MPa) ratings are covered. Note 3-The FEP sealing faces may prevent achievement of the full pressure rating of the ferrous housings. For pressure limitations, the manufacturer should be consulted. 1.2.1 For Ferrous Pipe: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Pipe, Steel, Black, and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded A 53 and Seamless Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe and High-Temperature Service A 106 Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe A 135 Electric-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical A 587 Industry Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A 312 1.2.2 For Ferrous Flanges: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A 105 Forged or Rolled Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings and A 181 Valves and Parts for General Service Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, A 182 and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service Carbon-Steel Castings Suitable for Fusion Welding for A 216 High-Temperature Service Ferritic Ductile Iron for Pressure Retaining Castings for Use A 395 at Elevated Temperatures Ductile Iron Castings A 536 1.2.3 For Ferrous Fittings: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A 105 Forged or Rolled Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and A 181 Valves and Parts for General Service Carbon Steel Castings Suitable for Fusion Welding for A 216 High-Temperature Service Piping Fittings Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for A 234 Moderate and Elevated Temperatures Austenitic Steel Castings for High-Temperature Service A 351 Alloy Steel Castings Specially Heat-Treated for Pressure A 389 Containing Parts Suitable for High-Temperature Service Ductile Iron Castings A 536 Ferritic Ductile Iron for Pressure Retaining Castings for Use A 395 at Elevated Temperatures Ductile Iron for Pressure Containing Castings for Use at A 403 Elevated Temperatures 1.3 The FEP-lined flanged pipe and fitting assemblies are recommended for use from -20 to 300°F (-29 to 149°C). Use in specific aggressive environments may alter the above temperature range. Note 4-Successful use has been reported over a range from -20 to 400°F (-29 to 204°C).

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers different sizes of several grades of silicon metal. The metal shall undergo chemical analysis and shall conform to specified chemical composition requirements.1.1 This specification covers several grades of silicon metal.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The SI equivalents of inch-pound units given may be approximate.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This practice details the standard procedure for evaluating the resistance of prestressed prepainted metal panels to cracking, or loss of adhesion, or both, after accelerated heat aging by dry heat test. This test method requires the use of gravity or forced air laboratory oven, bench vise, bending dies or test shims, 10x magnifier, and adhesive tape.1.1 This practice can be used to evaluate the resistance of a prestressed prepainted metal panel to cracking, or loss of adhesion, or both, after accelerated heat aging. Most coil coated products are formed and bent into specific shapes to produce a final product. These operations introduce stresses, which may be relieved by cracking of the coating after aging.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车