4.1 Remote Viewing Components:4.2 The long-term applicability of a remotely operated radiological facility will be greatly affected by the provisions for remote viewing of normal and off-normal operations within the facility. The deployment of remote viewing systems can most efficiently be addressed during the design and construction phases.4.2.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide general guidelines for the design and operation of remote viewing equipment to ensure longevity and reliability throughout the period of service.4.2.2 It is intended that this guide record the general conditions and practices that experience has shown are necessary to minimize equipment failures and maximize the effectiveness and utility of remote viewing equipment. It is also intended to inform designers and engineers of those features that are highly desirable for the selection of equipment that has proven reliable in high radiation environments.4.2.3 This guide is intended as a supplement to other standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for hot cell use.4.2.4 This guide is intended to be generic and applies to a wide range of types and configurations of hot cell equipment and remote viewing systems.1.1 Intent: 1.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for viewing systems for remotely operated facilities, including hot cells (shielded cells), used for the processing and handling of nuclear and radioactive materials. The intent of this guide is to aid in the design, selection, installation, modification, fabrication, and quality assurance of remote viewing systems to maximize their usefulness and to minimize equipment failures.1.1.2 It is intended that this guide record the principles and caveats that experience has shown to be essential to the design, fabrication, installation, maintenance, repair, replacement, and, decontamination and decommissioning of remote viewing equipment capable of meeting the stringent demands of operating, dependably and safely, in a hot cell environment where operator visibility is limited due to the radiation exposure hazards.1.1.3 This guide is intended to apply to methods of remote viewing for nuclear applications but may be applicable to any environment where remote operational viewing is desirable.1.2 Applicability: 1.2.1 This guide applies to, but is not limited to, radiation hardened and non-radiation hardened cameras (black-and-white and color), lenses, camera housings and positioners, periscopes, through wall/roof viewing, remotely deployable cameras, crane/robot mounted cameras, endoscope cameras, borescopes, video probes, flexible probes, mirrors, lighting, fiber lighting, and support equipment.1.2.2 This guide is intended to be applicable to equipment used under one or more of the following conditions:1.2.2.1 The remote operation facility that contains a significant radiation hazard to man or the environment.1.2.2.2 The facility equipment can neither be accessed directly for purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment be viewed directly, for example, without shielding viewing windows, periscopes, or a video monitoring system.1.2.2.3 The facility can be viewed directly but portions of the views are restricted (for example, the back or underside of objects) or where higher magnification or specialized viewing is beneficial.1.2.3 The remote viewing equipment may be intended for either long-term application (commonly, in excess of several years) or for short-term usage (for example, troubleshooting). Both types of applications are addressed in sections that follow.1.2.4 This guide is not intended to cover the detailed design and application of remote handling connectors for services (for example, electrical, instrumentation, video, etc.).1.2.5 The system of units employed in this guide is the metric unit, also known as SI Units, which are commonly used for International Systems, and defined by ASTM/IEEE SI 10, Standard for Use of International System of Units. Some video parameters use traditional units that are not consistent with SI Units but are used widely across the industry. For example, video image format is referred to in “inch” units. (See Table 1.)1.2.6 Lens and lens element measurements are always in millimeter (mm) units, even where SI Units are not in common usage, as an industry practice. Other SI Units (for example, cm) are rarely used for lenses or lens elements.1.2.7 Unless otherwise mentioned in this guide radiation exposure refers to gamma energy level in terms of 60Co exposure, and absorbed radiation dose Gy/h (rad/h) refers to instantaneous rates and not cumulative values.1.3 User Caveats: 1.3.1 This guide does not cover radiation shielding windows used for hot cell viewing. They are covered separately under Guide C1572/C1572M.1.3.2 This guide is not a substitute for applied engineering skills, proven practices and experience. Its purpose is to provide guidance.1.3.3 The guidance set forth in this guide relating to design of equipment is intended only to inform designers and engineers of these features, conditions, and procedures that have been found necessary or highly desirable to the design, selection, operation and maintenance of reliable remote viewing equipment for the subject service conditions.1.3.4 The guidance set forth in this guide results from operational experience of conditions, practices, features, lack of features, or lessons learned that were found to be sources of operating or maintenance problems, or causes of failure.1.3.5 This guide does not supersede federal or state regulations, or codes applicable to equipment under any conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 Hydraulically operated stationary piston samplers are used to gather soil samples for laboratory or field testing and analysis for geologic investigations, soil chemical composition studies, and water quality investigations. The sampler is sometimes used when attempts to recover unstable soils with thin-walled tubes, Practice D1587/D1587M, are unsuccessful. Examples of a few types of investigations in which hydraulic stationary piston samplers may be used include building site foundation studies containing soft sediments, highway and dam foundation investigations where softer soil formation need evaluation, wetland crossings utilizing floating structures, and hazardous waste site investigations. Hydraulically operated stationary piston samplers provide specimens necessary to determine the physical and chemical composition of soils and, in certain circumstances, contained pore fluids (see Guide D6169/D6169M).5.2 Hydraulically operated stationary piston samplers can provide relatively intact soil samples of soft or loose formation materials for testing to determine accurate information on the physical characteristics of that soil. Samples of soft formation materials can be tested to determine numerous soil characteristics such as; soil stratigraphy, particle size, water content, permeability, shear strength, compressibility, and so forth. The chemical composition of soft formation soils can also be determined from the sample if provisions are made to ensure that clean, decontaminated tools are used in the sample gathering procedure. Field-extruded samples can be field-screened or laboratory-analyzed to determine the chemical composition of soil and contained pore fluids. Using sealed or protected sampling tools, cased boreholes, and proper advancement techniques can help in the acquisition of good representative samples. A general knowledge of subsurface conditions at the site is beneficial.5.3 The use of this practice may not be the correct method for investigations of softer formations in all cases. As with all sampling methods, subsurface conditions affect the performance of the sample gathering equipment and methods used. For example, research indicates that clean sands may undergo volume changes in the sampling process, due to drainage.5 The hydraulically operated stationary piston sampler is generally not effective for cohesive formations with unconfined, undrained shear strength in excess of 2.0 tons per square foot, coarse sands, compact gravelly tills containing boulders and cobbles, compacted gravel, cemented soil, or solid rock. These formations may damage the sample or cause refusal to penetration. A small percentage of gravel or gravel cuttings in the base of the borehole can cause the tube to bend and deform, resulting in sample disturbance. Certain cohesive soils, depending on their water content, can create friction on the thin-walled tube which can exceed the hydraulic delivery force. Some rock formations can weather into soft or loose deposits where the hydraulically operated stationary piston sampler may be functional. The absence of groundwater can affect the performance of this sampling tool, and since this sampling method can introduce water to the borehole, it may not be suitable for sampling above the groundwater table when water is utilized as the activation fluid. As with all sampling and borehole advancement methods, precautions must be taken to prevent cross-contamination of aquifers through migration of contaminates up or down the borehole. Refer to Guide D6286/D6286M on selecting drilling methods for environmental site characterization for additional information about work at hazardous waste sites.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in the laboratory testing and/or inspection of soil and rock. As such, it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this practice. However, user of this practice must recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this practice. Currently, there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this practice.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for sampling of cohesive, organic, or fine-grained soils, or combination thereof, using a thin-walled metal tube that is inserted into the soil formation by means of a hydraulically operated piston. It is used to collect relatively intact soil samples suitable for laboratory tests to determine structural and chemical properties for geotechnical and environmental site characterizations.1.1.1 Guidance on preservation and transport of samples in accordance with Practice D4220/D4220M may apply. Samples for classification may be preserved using procedures similar to Class A. In most cases, a thin-walled tube sample can be considered as Class B, C, or D. Refer to Guide D6169/D6169M for use of the hydraulically operated stationary piston soil sampler for environmental site characterization. This sampling method is often used in conjunction with rotary drilling methods such as fluid rotary; Guide D5783; and hollow stem augers, Practice D6151/D6151M. Sampling data shall be reported in the field log in accordance with Guide D5434.1.2 The hydraulically operated stationary piston sampler is limited to soils and unconsolidated materials that can be penetrated with the available hydraulic pressure that can be applied without exceeding the structural strength of the thin-walled tube. This standard addresses typical hydraulic piston samplers used on land or shallow water in drill holes. The standard does not address specialized offshore samplers for deep marine applications that may or may not be hydraulically operated. This standard does not address operation of other types of mechanically advanced piston samplers. For information on other soil samplers, refer to Guide D6169/D6169M.1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.5 This practice does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use of hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Also, the user must comply with prevalent regulatory codes, such as OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration) guidelines, while using this practice. For good safety practice, consult applicable OSHA regulations and other safety guides on drilling.21.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. This practice does not purport to comprehensively address all of the methods and potential issues associated with sampling of soil. Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for their site exploration. Other methods may be available for drilling and sampling of soil, and qualified professionals should have flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this practice. The practice is current at the time of issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions, therefore, users should consult with manufacturers or producers prior to specifying program requirements.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers piston or plunger operated volumetric apparatus (POVA), in particular, the requirements, operating conditions, and test methods. POVA covered by this specification are pipettes, dispensers (with and without valve), dilutors, and displacement burets (with and without valve). Single measurement, replicate delivery, durability, functional (such as tests for leakage, broken parts, existence of air bubbles, and contamination), volumetric, and gravimetric tests shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers requirements, operating conditions, and test procedures for piston or plunger operated volumetric apparatus (POVA), as well as requirements for pipette operator training and qualification.1.2 This specification is applicable to all types of POVA. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test procedure portion, Annex A1 and Annex A2, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Laboratory proofing of ink is necessary to establish a reproducible prediction of print appearance and performance properties, most of which are highly sensitive to ink film thickness. The apparatus described in this practice has found wide use for routine control proofing because it provides an economical method for producing reasonably large prints at film thicknesses comparable to those obtained on production presses.4.2 This practice does not duplicate the dynamics of a high speed press, nevertheless, it is useful for quality control and for specification acceptance between the producer and the user where there is an agreed upon specification for reflection density or standard reference print.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for preparing prints of paste inks using a hand operated flat-bed laboratory proof press. The initial method was developed by the National Printing Ink Research Institute.21.2 This practice is applicable to the preparation of single-color solid-area prints by the dry offset process (also known as Letterset) on a flat substrate such as paper or metal. It can readily be adapted to print by direct letterpress.3NOTE 1: The proofing press described in this practice can also be used with printing gages in accordance with Practice D6846.1.3 This practice is applicable primarily to lithographic and letterpress inks that dry by oxidation or penetration. With the addition of appropriate drying or curing equipment, it is also applicable to other systems such as heat-set or energy-curable.1.4 The instructions in this practice are intended to minimize the within-print and among-operator variability inherent in hand operations.1.5 This practice does not measure the actual film thickness on the print, but evaluates film thickness equivalence by visual or instrumental comparisons of reflection density.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the users of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers manually operated fueling hose reels for use with collapsible and noncollapsible hose. Fueling hose reels shall be of one of the following types as specified: type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4. The hose reel shall be of a durable, rigid construction, as light in weight and compact as practicable. The reel drum may have either smoothly formed flat sides or suitable spoke ribs, so formed as not to damage the hose. Reels shall be provided with a holding brake to lock the reel in any position. The reel shall be fitted with a device for clamping the hose nozzle securely to the reel to prevent unwinding of the hose and damage to the nozzle. The reel hub discharge shall be angled to provide a smooth tangential contact of the hose with the reel drum. The reel shall have an aromatic fuels tight rotating joint between reel inlet connection and the rotating hub on the reel drum. The reel inlet connection shall be flanged, the flange being part of the rotating swivel joint. Hydrostatic tset and operating test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers manually operated fueling hose reels for use with collapsible and noncollapsible hose.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 12 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice provides procedures for the determination of the retroreflective performance of pavement markings. This practice does not set the minimum retroreflectance values for pavement markings; it describes sampling criteria for determining the retroreflective properties of pavement markings, which then can be used to determine compliance with a specification. It is the responsibility of the agency having jurisdiction to set the acceptable retroreflectivity values within their own specifications.5.2 This practice does not purport to address all the concerns regarding contamination of the markings, but the following may be helpful. It is very important that the markings being evaluated are clean and dry. If the evaluation is being used relative to a measure of the performance of a contractor, it is imperative that the parties agree beforehand on the definition of clean and dry. There are many forms of contamination on a roadway that will lower the retroreflectivity readings of a marking, but not all of them can be removed. Asphalt oil and rubber skid marks are examples. Loose dirt can be removed by pressure washing, perhaps using soap, brushing, or high-pressure air; however, these techniques are usually insufficient to remove dirt that is packed into the marking surface. Care should be taken to select areas that are typical of the marking section, avoiding areas of paint tracking or contamination, for example. It may be useful to take photographs using a digital camera and a good macro lens to be able to see the contamination on or between the glass beads.1.1 This practice describes several field techniques to evaluate the retroreflective properties of pavement markings containing retroreflecting optics (for example, centerlines and edgelines) and applied to the road surface. The techniques described in this practice contain sampling criteria such as the length of test sections and the number of measurements needed. The practice is based on retroreflective measurements made with portable hand-operated instruments in compliance with Test Method E1710.1.2 The data obtained from this practice can be used to determine the acceptance or rejection of a project based on specified levels of retroreflectivity established by the agency having jurisdiction.1.3 This practice can be used for the evaluation of newly installed or existing pavement markings. When testing newly applied pavement markings, it is recommended that the evaluation be done no sooner than 48 h after application but before 30 days after application so that excess retroreflective optics, such as glass spheres, are no longer present.1.4 The assessment techniques in this practice are based on best practices and designed to provide three levels of confidence in terms of quantifying the retroreflective performance of markings. Each technique represents a tradeoff between the number of measurements and the confidence of the retroreflective performance of the markings under study.1.5 This practice can be used by agencies as is or may be customized to meet an agency’s specific needs. Where applicable, the practice describes areas where different assumptions could be made, which would impact the sampling needs and the confidence levels of the results. When deviations from this practice are made, they shall be documented in the test report.NOTE 1: When measuring newly installed pavement markings, there are several factors that contribute to erroneous values for measurements made within a short time after application, such as excess retroreflective optics, top coatings on tape, incomplete curing of the binder, and coatings on the retroreflective optics. Retroreflective measurements taken within 48 h after application may be useful to quickly gauge the application quality but are not intended to be used with this practice.NOTE 2: When measuring existing or in-service pavement markings, care should be taken so that representative sections of pavement markings are measured. There are particular conditions where excessive pavement marking wear can be associated with a specific cause such as vehicle tracking along horizontal curves, access points to gravel pits, and high weave areas. Pavement markings can also collect dirt, grime, and debris.1.6 This practice replaces Specification D6359 with a multi-level strategy for evaluating the retroreflectance of pavement marking materials. This change was desired to provide agencies with options for project acceptance and monitoring of pavement markings during service.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:5.2.1 Specification D7450.5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.5.2.3 SAE J308.5.2.4 SAE J2360.1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.31.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the design, construction, testing, and operating requirements for pneumatic-operated, globe-style, control valves complete with actuators for various fluid systems (steam, gas, and liquid applications). The control valves with actuators may be procured under this specification complete with all associated pneumatic instrumentation necessary for the valve to function in the system application. Valves shall be of following material grades: Grade A; Grade B; Grade C; and Grade D. Valves shall be of following pressure rating types: Type 1; Type 2; Type 3; and Type 4. The inherent flow characteristics of the valve shall be specified as quick-opening, linear-opening, equal-percentage opening, or as specified. Visual examination, hydrostatic shell test, nondestructive examination, seat leakage test, and functional test shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.1.1 This specification covers the design, construction, testing, and operating requirements for pneumatic-operated, globe-style, control valves complete with actuators for various fluid systems (steam, gas, and liquid applications). The control valves with actuators may be procured under this specification complete with all associated pneumatic instrumentation necessary for the valve to function in the system application; however, complete and detailed requirements for air instrumentation are beyond the scope of this specification and thus are not included here. This specification is not intended to cover quarter-turn or multi-turn stem valves.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This test method was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field service oils were then used in developing the operating conditions of this test procedure.FIG. 1 Schematic of Engine Fuel System5.2 This test method, along with other test methods, defines the minimum performance level of the API Category SL (detailed information about this category is included in Specification D4485). This test method is also incorporated in automobile manufacturers' factory-fill specifications.5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test,2 and it has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A5.1.4 A Table of Contents follows:  Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Apparatus (General Description) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7  Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1  Required New Engine Parts 7.2  Reusable Engine Parts 7.3  Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4  Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5  Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6  Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7  Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8  Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9  Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8  Intake Air 8.1  Fuel and Fuel System 8.2  Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3  Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9  Temperatures 9.1  Pressures 9.2  Flow Rates 9.3  Fuel Consumption 9.4  Speed and Load 9.5  Exhaust Gas 9.6  Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedure 12  Pre-Test Procedure 12.1  Engine Operating Procedure 12.2  Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3  Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4  Diagnostic Data Review 12.5  End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13  Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1  Sludge Ratings 13.2  Varnish Ratings 13.3  Clogging 13.4  Sticking 13.5  Used Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14  General 14.1  Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2  Blowby Flow Rate 14.3  Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4  Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5  Oil Consumption 14.6  Engine Parts Replacement 14.7  Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15  Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXES    ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1  ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2  ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3  ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4  Safety Precautions Annex A5  Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A6  Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A7  Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A8  Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A9  External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A10  Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A11  Dipstick Calibration Annex A12  Critical Part Supplier List Annex A13  Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A14  Rating Worksheets Annex A15  Fuel Injector Flow Measurements Annex A16APPENDIXES    Piston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1  Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X2  Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X31.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

This specification covers the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release. This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel fastening systems. Primary retention and secondary retention tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.1.1 These test methods and specifications cover the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel retention systems.1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the performance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with the focus on preventing unintended wheel separation and prevention of unintended contact of the retention system with the disc brake rotor or wheel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This VH test method was correlated with the previous VG test method, which was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services.5.2 This test method, along with other test methods are used to define an engine oils minimum performance level necessary to meet certification requirements for API Category Specifications as outlined in Specification D4485. This test method may also be incorporated in automobile manufacturers’ factory–fill specifications.5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Sequence VH test, and it has been correlated with the Sequence VG test. The Sequence VG test was previously correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SN, SN Plus performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.1.3 A table of contents follows:  Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Apparatus (General Description) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7Sequence VH Test Engine 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components—Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7Assembling the Test Engine—Preparations 7.8Assembling the Test Engine—Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel and Fuel System 8.2Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures 9.1Pressures 9.2Flow Rates 9.3Fuel Consumption 9.4Speed and Torque 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedure 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13Parts Rating Area—Environment 13.1Sludge Ratings 13.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.4Sticking 13.5Used Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14General 14.1Used Oil Analyses—Interpretation 14.2Blowby Flow Rate 14.3Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) 14.4Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5Oil Consumption 14.6Engine Parts Replacement 14.7Quality Index 14.8Final Test Report 15Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXES  ASTM TMC: Organization Annex A1ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM TMC: Related Information Annex A4Safety Precautions Annex A5Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A6Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A7Test Engine Part Number, Classification, and Usage Guidelines Annex A8External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A9Sequence VH Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A10Dipstick Calibration Annex A11Critical Part Supplier List Annex A12Operational Data Log—Engine Oil Annex A13Rating Worksheets Annex A14Fuel Injector Flow Measurements Annex A15APPENDIXES  Piston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X21.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.7.1, 7.7.2, 7.7.3, 7.7.4, 7.7.5, A5.3.4, and A5.3.5.5.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Sequence VE test2 and has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1988, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation and valve train wear. It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SJ performance category.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in parentheses when combined with inch-pound units. Some of the figures and forms have identical numerical designations, but with the letter M following the numerical designation: these are alternative figures and forms that contain SI units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.7, 7.8.9.6, 7.8.13, 7.10.2, 7.10.3.2(c), 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 8.4.5.2, 9.3.4.4, 9.6.1.2, 12.1.1.5, 12.1.4.5, 12.2.1, 12.2.1.5, Fig. A3.6, and Annex A8.1.4 Table of Contents: Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus-General Description 6Apparatus-The Test Engine 7Sequence VE Test Engine Parts Kit 7.1Required New Engine Parts 7.2Reusable Engine Parts 7.3Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6Solvents and Cleansers Required 7.7Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids-Supply/Discharge Systems 8Intake Air 8.1Fuel 8.2Engine Oil 8.3Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9Temperatures 9.1Pressures 9.2Flow Rates 9.3Fuel Consumption 9.4Speed and Load 9.5Exhaust Gas 9.6Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Verification 11.1Unacceptable Calibration Tests 11.2Test Stand Modifications 11.3Reference Oil Accountability 11.4Test Numbering System 11.5Procedure 12Pre-Test Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4Diagnostic Data Review 12.5End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Results 13Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1Sludge Ratings 13.2Varnish Ratings 13.3Clogging 13.4Sticking 13.5Wear Measurements 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14Average Exhaust Gas NOX Levels 14.2Used Oil Analyses 14.3Blowby Flow Rate 14.4Intake Manifold Vacuum 14.5Fuel Consumption Rate 14.6Oil Consumption 14.7Report 15Report Format 15.1Special Forms for Automated Data Acquisition 15.2Standard Report 15.3Calibration Test Report 15.4Precision and Bias 16Precision 16.1Bias 16.2ANNEXESSpecial Service Tools for the Test Engine A1External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique A2Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus A3Engine Part Number Listing A4Operational Data Log Sheets A5Rating Worksheets A6Final Report Forms and Photographs A7Safety Precautions A8Automatic Data Acquisition A9Oakite 811 Monitoring Program A10Test Precision-Reference Oils A11Control Chart Technique for Severity Adjustment A12Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation A13Data Dictionary A14One-half Millimetre Oversize Piston Modifications A15Required Inspections and Operations for Reuse of Cylinder Heads A16APPENDIXESEngine Measurement Sheets X1Sources of Materials and Information X2Analysis of Phillips "J" Fuel (Batch 26) X3Theoretical Exhaust Gas Relationships-Phillips "J" Fuel X4Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service X5

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1.1 This specification covers the minimum retroreflective properties of newly applied horizontal pavement markings containing retroreflecting spheres, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols. The geometry specified for these values corresponds to that of Test Method E 1710 and is the same as CEN geometry.1.2 This specification is intended to provide standards of horizontal pavement markings to ensure that adequate conspicuity for the driver at night is provided by newly applied markings. This specification applies to the measurement of the markings using portable hand-operated instruments.1.3 Newly applied pavement markings are those that have been applied within 14 days before testing and from which all excess glass spheres have been removed.Note 1-Excess glass spheres contribute to erroneous readings directly after application and are generally not present a few days after application. They should be removed by strong brushing or by air pressure or other methods that do not remove the spheres that are correctly embedded and in water-borne paint after film coalescing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers the design, construction, testing, and operating requirements for hand operated, quick-change cartridge trim, in-line body and angle-body, globe-style valves for use in gas (except oxygen gas) and hydraulic systems. These valves may be used for on-off, and/or throttling applications. Valves under this specification shall be Type I or Type II; Style I or Style II; and shall have the specified size, pressure rating, and end connections. Valves furnished under this specification shall be soft-seated, globe-style valves using a cartridge in which all working parts including the seat are removable as an assembly. The pressure containing envelope shall be made of corrosion-resistant steel, nickel-copper, nickel-aluminum-bronze, or bronze. Internal parts in contact with the line media shall be made of corrosion-resistant steel, nickel-copper, copper-nickel, bronze, nickel-aluminum bronze, or naval brass. Valve construction requirements for the following are detailed: (1) soft-seating insert, (2) pressure envelope, (3) threads, (4) accessibility, (5) nonmetallic element interchangeability, (6) maintainability, (7) reversibility, (8) adjustments, (9) bidirectional operation and bubbletight shut off, (10) guiding, (11) valve operating force, (12) pressurizing rate, (13) operation, and (14) envelope dimensions. Valves shall meet the performance requirements of flow capacity, seat tightness, and external leakage. Each valve shall pass the following tests: visual examination, hydrostatic shell test, seat tightness test, and external leakage test. The envelope dimensions for angle body and inline body construction are illustrated.1.1 This specification covers the design, construction, testing, and operating requirements for hand-operated, quick-change cartridge trim, in-line body and angle-body, globe-style valves for use in gas (except oxygen gas) and hydraulic systems. These valves may be used for on-off, or throttling applications, or both.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Bucket augers (Fig. 1) are relatively inexpensive, readily available, available in different types depending on the media to be sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person. They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of surface or subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable for sampling rock. There are other designs of hand augers, such as the Edelman auger, used to retrieve difficult materials such as waste, sands, peat, and mud.FIG. 1 Bucket Auger5.2 Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to powered equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When evaluated against screw augers (Guide D4700), bucket augers generally collect larger samples with less chance of mixing with soil from shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger bucket. Bucket augers are commonly used to depths of 3 m but have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil or waste characteristics. In general, bucket augers can maintain open holes in unsaturated soils and saturated clay soils below the water table. Saturated sands will cave below the water table and perched zones and cohesionless dry sands may also cave. The sampling depth is limited by the force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the bore hole collapses (unless bore casings or liners are used).5.3 Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of samples for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) because the sample is disturbed and exposed to atmosphere during the collection process, which may lead to losses resulting in a chemically unrepresentative sample.5.4 If VOC analysis is required, the bucket auger is used to reach the desired sample depth, a planer auger can be used to clean the base of the hole, and a hammered drive tube sampler (Fig. 2) can be used at the bottom of the hole. Drive tube samplers can be sealed and capped. Consult Guide D4547 on practices for immediate subsampling of soil cores for VOCs. Drive tubes that are not full and contain disturbed material and are exposed to air may not provide accurate VOC data. For the best results, the core sample can be extruded from the tube and immediately subsampled.FIG. 2 Soil Core Sampler System1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (sometimes referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples. Bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively undisturbed sample suitable for chemical analysis.1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large 300 mm or greater diameter bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D1452/D1452M, paragraph 5.2.4. Practice D1452/D1452M on auger borings refers to this hand auger included in Practice D6907 as a barrel auger.1.3 Refer to Guides D4700 and D6232 for information on other hand samplers. The bucket auger is often used for shallow surface soil sampling, but there are many other types of handheld augers, flight, screw, rotary powered, and agricultural push tube samplers. Practice D1452/D1452M addresses larger powered solid stem flight auger systems.1.4 This standard does not address soil samples obtained with mechanical drilling, direct push, and sonic machines (refer to Guides D6286/D6286M and D6169/D6169M) or for collecting cores from submerged sediments (Guide D4823).1.5 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D5792), general sample planning (see Guide D4687), and sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample (see Guide D6044)). Sampling for volatile organic compounds (see Guide D4547), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D5088), sample handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D6051), and sample preservation (Guide D4220/D4220M) are used in this standard.1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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