4.1 For a fabricated panel to be properly used, it must be adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and stored in such a way that its physical property values are not degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the unnecessary failure of the fabricated panel in a properly designed application.4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installation requirements or quality assurance programs.1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the identification, packaging, handling, storage, and deployment of fabricated geomembrane panels. This guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each project involving fabricated panels presents its own challenges and special conditions.1.2 This guide is intended to aid fabricators, suppliers, purchasers, and users of fabricated panels in the identification, packaging, handling, storage, and deployment of fabricated geomembrane panels.1.3 This guide is written for factory-fabricated geomembrane panels only. Other geosynthetics use Guide D4873/D4873M as their guide.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.4.2 The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification covers marketing, packaging, labeling, and warning requirements for adult magnet sets containing small, powerful magnets. It is aimed at minimizing the identified hazards to children and teens associated with ingesting small, powerful magnets that are intended for adults, that is, those persons 14 years of age and older.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 For criticality control of nuclear fuel in dry storage and transportation, the most commonly used neutron absorber materials are borated stainless steel alloys, borated aluminum alloys, and boron carbide aluminum alloy composites. The boron used in these neutron absorber materials may be natural or enriched in the nuclide 10B. The boron is usually incorporated either as an intermetallic phase (for example, AlB2, TiB2, CrB2, etc.) in an aluminum alloy or stainless steel, or as a stable chemical compound particulate such as boron carbide (B4C), typically in an aluminum MMC or cermet.4.2 While other neutron absorbers continue to be investigated, 10B has been most widely used in these applications, and it is the only thermal neutron absorber addressed in this standard.4.3 In service, many neutron absorber materials are inaccessible and not amenable to a surveillance program. These neutron absorber materials are often expected to perform over an extended period.4.4 Qualification and acceptance procedures demonstrate that the neutron absorber material has the necessary characteristics to perform its design functions during the service lifetime.4.5 The criticality control function of neutron absorber materials in dry cask storage systems and transportation packagings is only significant in the presence of a moderator, such as during loading of fuel under water, or water ingress resulting from hypothetical accident conditions.4.6 The expected users of this standard include designers, neutron absorber material suppliers and purchasers, government agencies, consultants and utility owners. Typical use of the practice is to summarize practices which provide input for design specification, material qualification, and production acceptance. Adherence to this standard does not guarantee regulatory approval; a government regulatory authority may require different tests or additional tests, and may impose limits or restrictions on the use of a neutron absorber material.1.1 This practice provides procedures for qualification and acceptance of neutron absorber materials used to provide criticality control by absorbing thermal neutrons in systems designed for nuclear fuel storage, transportation, or both.1.2 This practice is limited to neutron absorber materials consisting of metal alloys, metal matrix composites (MMCs), and cermets, clad or unclad, containing the neutron absorber boron-10 (10B).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Conditioning is used to minimize the variation in test results that may result from fluctuations in temperature and humidity, or both. Many flexible packaging materials or components of flexible packaging materials, particularly materials that are hygroscopic, undergo changes in physical properties as the temperature and the relative humidity (RH) to which they are exposed are varied.4.2 Many packaging materials do not exhibit a meaningful change in physical properties across the temperature and humidity range that is generally found in office and general laboratory settings. As a result, conditioning of samples is often not required in order to achieve useful test results and is often bypassed during routine testing.4.3 Conditioning should be considered when (a) comparing between or among laboratory results (for example, supplier and customer), (b) temperature or humidity is anticipated to have an effect on the test outcomes, or (c) potential sources of variation in test results must be minimized.4.4 Temperature and humidity alone are not sufficient to completely define a storage condition. Many other factors may be relevant (such as time, light, and atmospheric pressure) that are not defined in this specification.AbstractThis specification defines the standard temperature and humidity for conditioning and testing of materials at nominally ambient conditions. Materials for conditioning and testing include material containing paper and plastic material. The instruments and techniques used to measure these standard conditions of temperature and humidity must be validated.1.1 This practice defines the standard temperature and humidity for conditioning and testing of flexible barrier packaging and flexible barrier packaging materials at nominally ambient conditions.1.2 There are many other temperature and humidity conditions that may be appropriately used to test end use conditions (such as freezer, refrigerated, or abusive storage). These need to be individually established and are not in the scope of this practice.1.3 Only those materials that fall under the general area of flexible barrier packaging materials are included in this practice.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Harmful biological or particulate contaminants may enter the medical package through leaks. These leaks are frequently found at seals between package components of the same or dissimilar materials. Leaks may also result from a pinhole in the packaging material.4.2 It is the objective of this test method to visually observe the presence of channel defects by the leakage of dye through them.4.3 This dye penetrant procedure is applicable only to individual leaks in a package seal. The presence of a number of small leaks, as found in porous packaging material, which could be detected by other techniques, will not be indicated.4.4 There is no general agreement concerning the level of leakage that is likely to be deleterious to a particular package. However, since these tests are designed to detect leaks, components that exhibit any indication of leakage are normally rejected.4.5 These procedures are suitable to verify and locate leakage sites. They are not quantitative. No indication of leak size can be inferred from these tests. The methods are usually employed as a pass/fail test.4.6 The dye solution will wick through any porous material over time, but usually not within the maximum time suggested. If wicking does occur, it may be verified by observing the porous side of the subject seal area. The dye will have discolored the surface of the material. Refer to Appendix X1 for details on wicking and guidance on the observance of false positives.1.1 This test method defines materials and procedures that will detect and locate a leak equal to or greater than a channel formed by a 50 µm (0.002 in.) wire in package edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. A dye penetrant solution is applied locally to the seal edge to be tested for leaks. After contact with the dye penetrant for a specified time, the package is visually inspected for dye penetration.1.2 Three dye application methods are covered in this test method: injection, edge dip, and eyedropper.1.3 These test methods are intended for use on packages with edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. The test methods are limited to porous materials which can retain the dye penetrant solution and prevent it from discoloring the seal area for a minimum of 5 seconds. Uncoated papers are especially susceptible to leakage and must be evaluated carefully for use with each test method.1.4 These test methods require that the dye penetrant solution have good contrast to the opaque packaging material.1.5 The values are stated in International System of Units (SI units) and English units. Either is to be regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This terminology contains related definitions and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in medical packaging standards that involve barrier materials. The purpose of terminology is to promote clear understanding and interpretation of the standards in which they are used.

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5.1 Manufacturers of SPF insulation may need to test their products for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in order to comply with voluntary standards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reaction when combining a two-component mixture during spraying, specialized equipment and procedures are needed to reproducibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturer’s specifications and instructions must be followed carefully and detailed information regarding the spraying process must be recorded (see 7.3). Other precautions regarding handling and shipping are needed to ensure that the chemical integrity of the samples is preserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimens from samples of SPF insulation in a consistent manner so that emission tests can be reproduced and reliable comparisons can be made between test data for different samples.1.1 This practice describes standardized procedures for the preparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to be tested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These procedures are applicable to both closed-cell and open-cell SPF insulation products. Potential chemical emissions of interest include blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts, diisocyanates, and flame retardants.1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at one location, such as a chemical manufacturing facility or a field product installation site. The newly prepared samples are preserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, and then shipped to a laboratory for testing.1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to be performed by trained individuals using professional spraying equipment under controlled conditions. The details of the spraying equipment and spraying procedures are based on industry practice and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the laboratory preparation of test specimens from open-cell and closed-cell SPF insulation product samples. These specimens are prepared for testing in small-scale chambers following Guide D5116 and in micro-scale chambers that are described in Test Method D8142.1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gas sample collection and chemical analysis are outside of the scope of this practice. Such procedures will need to address the potential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, amine catalysts, flame retardant and isocyanates, to adhere to the chamber walls.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Harmful biological or particulate contaminants may enter the package through imperfections such as pinholes or cracks in trays.5.2 After initial instrument set-up and calibration, the operations of individual tests and test results do not need operator interpretation.5.3 Leak test results that exceed the permissible threshold setting are indicated by audible or visual signal responses, or both, or by other means.5.4 This non-destructive test method may be performed in either laboratory or production environments and may be undertaken on either a 100 % or a statistical sampling basis. This test method, in single instrument use and current implementation, may not be fast enough to work on a production packaging line, but is well suited for statistical testing as well as package developmental design work.1.1 This non-destructive test method detects pinhole leaks in trays, as small as 50 μm (0.002 in.) in diameter, or equivalently sized cracks, subject to trace gas concentration in the tray, tray design and manufacturing tolerances.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Harmful biological or particulate contaminants may enter the package through incomplete seals or imperfections such as pinholes or cracks in the trays.5.2 After initial instrument set-up and calibration, the operations of individual tests and test results do not need operator interpretation. The non-destructive nature of the test may be important when testing high value added products.5.3 Leak test results that exceed the permissible threshold setting are indicated by audible or visual signal responses, or both, or by other means.5.4 This non-destructive test method may be performed in either laboratory or production environments. This testing may be undertaken on either a 100 % or a statistical sampling basis. This test method, in single instrument use and current implementation, may not be fast enough to work on a production packaging line, but is well suited for statistical testing as well as package developmental design work.1.1 This non-destructive test method detects leaks in non-porous rigid thermoformed trays, as well as the seal between the porous lid and the tray. The test method detects channel leaks in packages as small as 100 μm (0.004 in.) diameter in the seal as well as 50 μm (0.002 in.) diameter pinholes, or equivalently sized cracks in the tray, subject to trace gas concentration in the package, package design and manufacturing tolerances.NOTE 1: This test method does not claim to challenge the porous (breathable) lidding material. Any defects that may exist in the porous portion of the package will not be detected by this test method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Introduction of robots to the responder's cache for use in urban search and rescue missions may have an impact on the logistical planning for the response teams. Additional volume and weight shall be stored and transported to the response site. Additional preparation time shall be allotted to ready the robot for deployment. The tools that are taken to the field may need to be augmented to service the robots. Once the robot is ready for deployment, it shall be transported from the base of operations to the mission zone. Responders may have to carry the robot and its controller or may have to provide some other transportation mechanism if it is too heavy.5.2 This practice is designed to appraise the impact in terms of logistical considerations for a response organization.1.1 This practice covers the requirement that urban search and rescue robots and all necessary associated components or equipment (for example, operator control station, power sources, spare parts, sensors, manipulators, tools, and so forth) shall complement the response organization’s cache packaging and transportation systems.1.2 Shipment by ground, air, or marine should be considered.1.3 Volume, weight, shipping classification, and deployability of the robots and associated components are considered in this practice.1.3.1 The deployability is considered through the determination of:1.3.1.1 The length of time required to prepare the robot system for deployment, and1.3.1.2 The types of tools required for servicing the robot system in the field.1.3.2 Associated components or equipment include not only all the onboard sensors, tethers, and operator control station, but also any spare parts and specialized tools needed for assembly, disassembly, and field servicing.1.3.3 Associated components also include power equipment necessary for the operation of the system, such as batteries, chargers, and power converters. Gasoline, diesel, or other types of liquid fuel are not included.1.4 The packaged items shall support the operational availability of the robot during a deployment of up to ten days. There shall be no resupply within the first 72 h of deployment.1.5 No such standards currently exist except for those relevant to shipping (for example, CFR Title 49 and International Air Transport Association (IATA) documents).1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 Packaging materials may be exposed to chemicals such as water, alcohol, acid, etc. during their life cycle. If it is anticipated that the packaging material will be exposed to a chemical, it is important that the ink or coating, or both, not degrade, soften, or dissolve as a result of that contact.3.2 The testing included in this practice is applicable to surface printed and coated materials designed to be resistant to a specific chemical.3.3 The chemicals to be tested should be compatible with (that is, not damage or degrade) the substrate being printed or coated, or both.3.4 There are four separate methods detailed in this practice. The methods represent increasing degrees of severity from Method A to Method D. Selection of method should be based on the type of exposure anticipated. For example, the pouring method (Method A) is typically used where incidental exposure is anticipated, such as a spill or splash of chemical on the material surface. Method B or C is typically used when chemical resistance is desired depending on the level of exposure (B) and abrasion (C) anticipated. Method D would represent continual contact between the chemical and material and would need to be chemical-proof, (for example, if the package were to be submerged in the chemical and exposed to abrasion over a period of time.)3.5 This practice does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product, based on the type of exposure that is anticipated.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for evaluating the ability of an ink, overprint varnish or coating to withstand chemical exposure. Typical chemicals, which may come in contact with the package, include water, alcohol, acid, etc. The specific chemical and method of choice as well as determination of measurement outcome are left to users to agree upon in joint discussion. Suggestions for ways to measure and collect information are offered in the various methods listed in this practice.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring a thickness dimension. Accurate measurement of thickness can be critical to meeting specifications and characterizing process, product, and material performance.4.2 This test method does not address acceptability criteria. These need to be jointly determined by the user and producer of the product. Repeatability and reproducibility of measurement is shown in the Precision and Bias section. Attention should be given to the inherent variability of materials being measured as this can affect measurement outcome.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness of flexible packaging materials using contact micrometers.1.2 The Precision and Bias statement for this test method was developed using both handheld and bench top micrometers with foot sizes ranging from 4.8 mm to 15.9 mm (3/16 in. to 5/8 in.).1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This standard establishes definitions for labeling of packaging materials and packages which communicate environmental attributes to consumers, users, or both. These definitions will include consideration of the production, use, and disposal of packaging materials and packages. (For a definition of packages, see Terminology D996).

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5.1 This test method is designed for use by a trained sensory panel experienced in using an intensity scale or rank ordering and familiar with the descriptive terminology and references associated with the packaging materials. Data analysis and interpretation should be conducted by a trained and experienced sensory professional. See Refs (3, 4) for discussions on panelist screening and training.5.2 This test method should be considered as a screening technique for suppliers and end-users to use in assessing the odor or flavor impact or both of rigid packaging. The application of this test method will result in a PPS or rank data. The determination for suitability of a package for a particular end-use should be based on a set of predetermined criteria including the PPS or rank score. Information obtained from the transfer tests can also be used to evaluate the origin of any transferred tastes or odors.1.1 This test method covers a recommended procedure for examining odor or flavor properties or both of rigid polymeric packaging closures and fillable materials.1.2 This test method can be used for single materials or coextruded materials that are foam molded, injection molded, blow molded, compression molded, or thermoformed polymers.1.3 The focus of this test method is the evaluation of molded polymer in terms of the transfer of package-related odors, flavors, or both, to water and other model systems (bland food simulants). Rigid packaging forms vary considerably in type, size, and shape. Thus, customizing the exact procedure for dealing with the physical requirements for individual packages is the responsibility of the user.1.4 This test method assumes testing of the materials at a one-time point; shelf-life testing is not included.1.5 Refer to Test Method E1870 for the evaluation of inherent odor of packaging material by confinement tests.1.6 This test method provides sample preparation procedures and two methods of evaluation.1.6.1 The package performance score method allows for the comparison of any molded polymer sample to another.1.6.2 The ranking method allows for comparison of samples within the currently tested set only.1.6.3 The preparation of samples is consistent regardless of the method of evaluation used.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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