4.1 Paint spatter generated by roller application is dependent on the properties of both the paint being applied and the paint roller cover used for the application. To eliminate the influence of the paint roller cover as a variable, and thus restrict the spatter-inducing variable to the paint under test only, the paint roller cover is replaced by a standard notched spool roller to generate spatter by a mechanism that simulates that of a paint-applying roller cover.4.2 Although most of the development work to establish this test method was undertaken using latex paints, sufficient work was also done to show its applicability to solvent-reducible paints.4.3 Tests during the development of this test method showed that the spattering properties of paints, like other physical properties, may in time change. Therefore, the results of this test are valid only for the time when the test is run.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of a paint to spatter when applied with a paint roller to a substrate.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method details the standard procedure for determining the porosity of white or near white mineral spirits insoluble paint film by staining to indicate the degree to which a subsequent coat will penetrate. This test method shall require the use of film applicators, reflectometer, vacuum drawdown plate, camelhair brush, plastic wash bottle, test panel, penetrating medium, and filter paper. The test paint is applied to a nonporous surface, air dried, then measured for reflectance. A special colored penetrating medium is applied, the excess removed in a specified manner, and reflectance measured again. The difference between the two readings indicates the degree of porosity; the smaller the difference, the lower the porosity of the film and the greater its ability to resist penetration.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the porosity of a white or near white mineral spirits insoluble paint film to indicate the degree to which a subsequent coat will penetrate.1.2 The texture of the film can affect cleanup that will influence the results of the test. A stain applied to a high-hiding paint will not lower the reflectance as much as the same stain applied to a low-hiding paint of equal porosity. These points must be considered in comparing different paints.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Laboratory measurement of application properties of architectural coatings generally employ a blade-type applicators that lay down films of highly uniform thickness. Applicators, such as brushes and rollers, typically apply films that lack uniformity due to variations in rheology, film build, flow and leveling properties resulting in the practical hiding of most paints being less than that measured on films applied with a blade-type applicator. This guide provides an indication of the actual application properties of the paint, as applied by a contractor or consumer.1.1 This guide describes procedures for the application of brush or roller, or both, applied paint films to sealed wallboard for evaluating application properties.1.2 Because both the application and panel evaluation are subjective, this guide should be used only for comparative testing within one laboratory using one operator for each set of applications, as the ratings assigned by different laboratories may not agree.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide establishes recommendations for the environmentally responsible clean up and disposal of waste produced by users of artists’ paint products and solvents. It does not supersede laws or regulations, but recommends prudent practices.This guide’s use should be limited to artists whose work is not creating income. Artists who are in business or in other commercial or educational settings will usually be required to meet specific regulatory requirements.1.1 This guide establishes recommendations for the safe and environmentally friendly clean up and disposal of artists’ paints and by-products of their use in a private, non-commercial setting.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Persons using artists' paints produce waste that could be harmful to the environment if released without precaution. Currently, may of these wastes are being released into the environment through ground or sanitary sewer disposal thus negatively impacting the environment. This is a particular problem with paints mixed with water, as they might be regulated because of the metals contained in the pigments used in artist's paint products, though many users are not aware of this environmental concernThis guide establishes recommendations for the environmentally responsible clean up and disposal of waste produce by users of artists' paint products and solvents. It does not supersede laws or regulations, but recommends prudent practices.This guide's use should be limited to small commercial or educational settings and be considered as one way to meet regulatory requirements. In larger educational and commercial settings, an internal environmental compliance office or a local regulatory office should be consulted to determine if this guide will work within their requirements.1.1 This guide establishes recommendations for the safe and environmentally friendly clean up and disposal of artists' paints and by-products of their use in a smaller commercial or educational setting.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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4.1 The growth of fungi in and on the surface of paint films represents a major cause of discoloration or disfigurement of painted surfaces. Because of their dark pigmentation, it is frequently difficult to distinguish fungi from dirt or soil particles.4.2 Use of Pictorial Standards:  4.2.1 The pictorial references that are part of this test method are for illustration purposes and may be used for visual comparisons.4.2.2 The diagrams represent an idealized schematic of various growth levels on paint films. They are intended as a representation only, but will serve as a useful guideline to establish amount and type of growth.4.2.3 The diagrams represented in Fig. 1 are not derived from a linear scale. The scale is intended to provide for more discrimination at the earlier stages of fungal or algal growth. It is at these levels that greater discernment is necessary.4.2.4 Comparisons made on dark colored substrates will be much more difficult, and will therefore require much more care and attention. It must be noted that because it is difficult to distinguish mild fungal or algal growth on the very dark substrates, there may be a tendency to under-rate those specimens.1.1 Fungal growth, frequently referred to as mildew in the paint industry, causes defacement of paint film exposed outdoors. The visual rating of paint surface disfigurement due to fungal or algal attack is required in order to compare the performance of different coatings.1.2 This method of rating mildew evaluation is intended to be used on exterior exposed paint films. This method may be used to rate interior fungal or algal growth, but it should be noted that the growth patterns on interior surfaces are different than exterior due to the lack of weathering influences. It is primarily intended for test specimens, but can also be used for rating mildew growth on larger structures such as entire houses. If this is used for large areas, the project should be broken down into smaller sections.1.3 This method is intended for field use for the macro rating of surface disfigurement only. The visual scales are meant to be used by the unaided eye to rate algal, fungal, or dirt disfigurement on larger surface areas such as test panels, siding boards, or entire buildings. Techniques are included for the differentiation of soil and dirt.1.4 Fungi will grow on most paint films exposed outdoors that are located in conditions favorable to growth. Test procedures such as Practices D1006, D3456, and G7 are available describing natural exposure tests that can be used to expose paint films, in order to create fungal or algal growth.1.5 The pictorial references available for use with this test method provide a numerical basis for rating the degree of fungal or algal growth on paint films.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide uniform glass panels for testing of paint, varnish, lacquer, conversion coatings and related products.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of glass panels for subsequent testing of paint, varnish, lacquer, and related products.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Solvents in a traffic paint may cause bleeding of pavement constituents into the traffic marking, thereby rendering the traffic marking less effective as a lane or directional indicator. This practice describes how to prepare a panel of the coating to be tested and a reference panel coated with a specific solvent borne traffic paint to be used as a control for evaluation.4.2 This practice can be particularly useful for evaluation of solvent borne traffic paints, but it may also be used for other types of traffic markings including waterborne traffic paints.4.3 Two basic procedures are described for measuring the amount of bleeding. The procedure used shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.1.1 This practice describes test procedures for determining the degree of bleeding of traffic or pavement marking paints. A specific formulation for a solvent borne traffic paint formulation is included as a potential bleeding reference control.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Paints, if not formulated or processed properly may settle excessively. Paint that settles excessively is difficult to reincorporate into the paint system causing time delays or valuable pigment being left in the drum. This test method is an attempt to evaluate the degree of settling caused by the accelerated Test Method D1309. This very subjective method of evaluation in conjunction with the variables of Test Method D1309 raises questions as to the usefulness of the results for specification compliance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of pigment suspension and ease of remixing a shelf-aged sample of paint to a homogeneous condition suitable for the intended use.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The procedures described in this practice are designed to provide uniform zinc coated steel panels for testing of paint, varnish, lacquer, conversion coatings and related products.3.2 The proper description of the zinc coating on the substrate is an important part of this practice. Seemingly slight differences in zinc coating can produce substantial differences in coating performance.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of zinc-coated and zinc-alloy-coated sheet steel panels to be used for testing paint, varnish, lacquer, conversion coatings, and related products. It covers sheet steel coated with hot dipped galvanized, one-side galvanized, electrogalvanized, zinc-iron alloy coatings (such as galvanneal), and zinc-5 % aluminum alloy coatings. It does not cover steel panels coated with 55 % aluminum-45 % zinc alloy, because these behave more like aluminum than zinc.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers the requirements and methods of test for lamellar iron oxide pigments, commonly called micaceous iron oxide, used primarily in protective coatings for steel. This standard is related to ISO 10601 and Australian Standard 2855- covering both specifications and methods of test. A companion test method for lamellar (thin film) content is included. This specification covers two types of micaceous iron oxide.1.2 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The porosity of a paint film is closely related to the important practical characteristics of stain resistance, abrasion resistance, durability, and the hold-out of any paint subsequently applied.5.2 This test provides a precise means for evaluating and comparing the quality of paint films, insofar as it pertains to porosity as determined on a coating applied to a nonporous substrate. Porosity measured using this test method may not be an accurate predictor of coating porosity when the coating is applied to substrate of higher absorption characteristics.5.3 Unlike current Test Method D3258 Porosity of Paint Films, which is effective only with light-colored paints, this test method is equally effective with paints of any color, both dark and light. Also unlike Test Method D3258, its results are not influenced by the hiding characteristics of the paint film.1.1 This test method is applicable to air-dry architectural coatings of any type, both solvent and water-borne, and of any color, dark as well as light. It cannot be used with films that are dissolved or excessively softened by mineral oil, but practical examples of such films will be encountered rarely, if ever.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration of its physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 Cautions—Variation in results may be expected when different operating conditions are used. Therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared according to Section 10 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained according to this practice.NOTE 1: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from an open-flame carbon-arc is significantly different from that produced in light and water exposure devices using other carbon-arc configurations or other light sources. The type and rate of degradation and the performance rankings produced by exposures to filtered open-flame carbon-arcs can be much different from those produced by exposures to other types of laboratory light sources.4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when all laboratories use the same type of carbon-arc, filters, and exposure conditions.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.4,5 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment according to Practice G152. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salt or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and conditions of the electrodes.4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with this practice must include a complete description of the test cycle used.1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in filtered open-flame carbon-arc devices conducted according to Practices G151 and G152. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results.1.2 This practice does not cover enclosed carbon-arc exposures of paints and related coatings, which is described in Practice D5031/D5031M. Another procedure for exposing these products is covered by Practice D3361/D3361M, in which the specimens are subjected to radiation from an unfiltered open-flame carbon arc that produces shorter wavelengths and higher levels of short wavelength radiation than filtered open-flame or enclosed carbon arcs.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 FTIR spectroscopy can be employed for the classification of paint binder types and pigments as well as for the comparison of spectra from known and questioned coatings. When used for comparison purposes, the goal of the forensic examiner is to determine whether any meaningful differences exist between the known and questioned samples.5.2 This guide is designed to assist an examiner in the selection of appropriate sample preparation methods and instrumental parameters for the analysis, comparison or identification of paint binders and pigments.5.3 It is not the intent of this guide to present comprehensive theories and methods of FTIR spectroscopy. It is necessary that the examiner have an understanding of FTIR and general concepts of specimen preparation prior to using this guide. This information is available from manufacturers’ reference materials, training courses, and references such as: Forensic Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy (Suzuki, 1993) (4), Infrared Microspectroscopy of Forensic Paint Evidence (Ryland, 1995) (5), Use of Infrared Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Paint Fragments (Beveridge, 2001) (6), and An Infrared Spectroscopy Atlas for the Coatings Industry (2).1.1 This guide applies to the forensic IR analysis of paints and coatings and is intended to supplement information presented in the Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison Guidelines (1)2 written by Scientific Working Group on Materials Analysis (SWGMAT). This guideline is limited to the discussion of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) instruments and provides information on FTIR instrument setup, performance assessment, sample preparation, analysis and data interpretation. It is intended to provide an understanding of the requirements, benefits, limitations and proper use of IR accessories and sampling methods available for use by forensic paint examiners. The following accessory techniques will be discussed: FTIR microspectroscopy (transmission and reflectance), diamond cell and attenuated total reflectance. The particular methods employed by each examiner or laboratory, or both, are dependent upon available equipment, examiner training, specimen size or suitability, and purpose of examination. This guideline does not cover the theoretical aspects of many of the topics presented. These can be found in texts such as An Infrared Spectroscopy Atlas for the Coatings Industry (Federation of Societies for Coatings, 1991) (2) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (Griffiths and de Haseth, 1986) (3).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice should be used for those coatings that are designed for spray applications of objects in the factory or in the field. It is particularly important that it be used in the evaluation of metallic coatings for appearance properties, such as gloss and color.4.2 Coatings applied by this test method may exhibit a slight orange-peel or spray wave.1.1 Five practices are given for preparing films of uniform thickness of coatings on test panels. These practices are:Practice A—Automated Spray Machine ApplicationPractice B—Motor-Driven Dip Coater ApplicationPractice C—Motor-Driven Blade Film ApplicationPractice D—Hand-Held Spray Gun ApplicationPractice E—Hand-Held Blade Film Application1.2 The use of wire-wound drawdown bars as described in Practice D4147 may also be an appropriate method for producing films of uniform coating thickness.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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