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1.1 This specification specifies requirements for ballistic-resistant panels to be mounted in or on public safety vehicle doors to protect against complete penetration of projectiles from small arms.21.2 The purpose of this specification is to define minimum performance for ballistic-resistant vehicle door panels.1.2.1 In addition to the required tests, optional tests with specific conditions are provided that allow testing beyond the minimum requirements of this specification. Statements of conformance with this specification do not include any optional test unless the optional test is conducted, and the results are included in the test report.1.3 This specification requires ballistic testing of vehicle door panels mounted either in a test fixture or mounted on a vehicle door for which the panel is designed.1.3.1 Door panels intended to be mounted inside a vehicle door shall be assessed in a test fixture with air backing.1.3.1.1 Two optional ballistic tests are provided for vehicle door panels intended to be mounted inside a vehicle door:(1) The preferred optional ballistic test assesses the panel in a vehicle door for which the panel is designed.(2) If a vehicle door for which the panel is designed is not available, a second optional ballistic test assesses the panel in a test fixture with air backing and a door skin simulant in front of the strike face of the panel.1.3.2 Door panels intended to be mounted on the exterior of a vehicle door shall be assessed on a vehicle door for which the panel is designed.1.3.3 An optional extreme temperature ballistic test is provided for purchasers concerned with performance of vehicle door panels in very hot or very cold environments.1.3.4 The optional ballistic tests are provided in Appendix X1.1.4 Selection and procurement guidance is provided in Appendix X2 to assist purchasers in using this specification to procure vehicles with ballistic-resistant door panels or to retrofit existing vehicles with ballistic-resistant door panels.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to non-SI units that are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Fabrics intended for rainwear and all-purpose, water-repellent coat end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.(A) See Note 6.4.2 It should be recognized that fabric can be produced utilizing an almost infinite number of combination of construction variables (for example, type of fibers, percentage of fibers, yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical and mechanical finishes). Additionally, fashion or aesthetics dictate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articles made from fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1.4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possibly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for this end-use.4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.AbstractThis performance specification covers rainwear and all-purpose water-repellent coat outer fabrics. Fabrics may compose of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers. This standard performance is not applicable for fabrics used for linings and interlinings. Fabrics for this purpose shall be tested and meet the following requirements: breaking strength, resistance to yarn slippage, tearing strength, bursting strength, dimensional change, colorfastness, water repellency, water resistance, fabric appearance, and flammability.1.1 This performance specification covers rainwear and all-purpose water-repellent coat outer fabrics composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.1.2 This performance specification is not applicable to fabrics used for linings and interlinings.1.3 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers standards for iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings of general purpose grades (Grades HF, HH, HI, HK, HE, HT, HU, HW, HX, HC, HD, HL, HN, and HN) applicable in heat-resistant services. Alloys shall be produced through electric arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes. Heat-treatment shall be conducted when agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The material shall conform to carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. Tensile requirements including tensile strength, yield point, and elongation shall apply when specified in the purchase order. Guidelines for repair by welding are also given.1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for special production application.NOTE 1: For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specifications A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and A447/A447M.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Each abuse/impact property of abuse resistant wall panels is divided into three classification levels. The three levels of classification are: Level I, Level II, and Level III, with Level I representing the lowest rating for any given property. The test methods specified are utilized to establish the abuse-resistance classification of an abuse resistant wall panel. Each classification level requires a minimum overall specified performance. Any classified abuse resistant wall panel can be used at a classification level which is rated lower than the highest level qualified.1.1 This standard establishes classifications of abuse resistance based on the abrasion resistance and impact resistance performance of nondecorated interior gypsum panel products and fiber-reinforced cement panels (abuse resistant wall panels).1.1.1 This standard is a method of classifying gypsum panel product performance and is not intended to classify systems for abuse resistance.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound and SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system shall be used independent of the other. Values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated by contact molding for above-ground vertical installation, to contain aggressive chemicals at essentially atmospheric pressure, and made of a commercial-grade polyester or vinyl ester, resin. This specification does not cover the design of vessels intended for pressure above hydrostatic, vacuum conditions, except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points. The tanks are classified as type I and II according to the operating pressure or vacuum levels, and the safety factor required for external pressure. The tanks are further classified as grade 1 and 2 according to the generic types of thermoset resin. The resin used shall be a commercial grade, corrosion-resistant thermoset. The reinforcement should be a chopped-strand mat, a nonwoven biaxial or unidirectal fabric, a woven roving, or a surface mat. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of design requirements such as straight shell, external pressure, top head, bottom head, open-top tanks, joints, fittings, hold-down lugs, and lifting lugs; laminate construction requirements such as structural tank, joints, and fittings and accessories; and other requirements such as physical properties, chemical resistance of resin, glass content, tensile strength, flexural properties and degree of cure. The dimensions and tolerances, as well as the workmanship, finish and appearance are also detailed.1.1 This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated by contact molding for above-ground vertical installation, to contain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure, and made of a commercial-grade polyester or vinyl ester, resin. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and appearance.1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vessels intended for pressure above atmospheric or under vacuum conditions, except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use with liquids heated above their flash points.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.4 Special design consideration shall be given to tanks subject to environmental and/or mechanical forces such seismic, wind, ice, agitation, or fluid dynamic forces, to operational service temperatures greater than 180°F (82°C) and to tanks with unsupported bottoms.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Use this test method to measure the thermal protection provided by different materials, garments, clothing ensembles, and systems when exposed to a specified fire (see 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 4.1, and 10.4).5.1.1 This test method does not simulate high radiant exposures, for example, those found in electric arc flash exposures, some types of fire exposures where liquid or solid fuels are involved, nor exposure to nuclear explosions.5.2 This test method provides a measurement of garment and clothing ensemble performance on a stationary upright manikin of specified dimensions. This test method is used to provide predicted skin burn injury for a specific garment or protective clothing ensemble when exposed to a laboratory simulation of a fire. It does not establish a pass/fail for material performance.5.2.1 This test method is not intended to be a quality assurance test. The results do not constitute a material’s performance specification.5.2.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.5.3 The measurement of the thermal protection provided by clothing is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer and testing practices is needed to evaluate if, and which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the test method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures along with the results.1.1 This test method is used to provide predicted human skin burn injury for single-layer garments or protective clothing ensembles mounted on a stationary upright instrumented manikin which are then exposed in a laboratory to a simulated fire environment having controlled heat flux, flame distribution, and duration. The average exposure heat flux is 84 kW/m2 (2 cal/s·cm2), with durations up to 20 s.1.2 The visual and physical changes to the single-layer garment or protective clothing ensemble are recorded to aid in understanding the overall performance of the garment or protective clothing ensemble and how the predicted human skin burn injury results can be interpreted.1.3 The skin burn injury prediction is based on a limited number of experiments where the forearms of human subjects were exposed to elevated thermal conditions. This forearm information for skin burn injury is applied uniformly to the entire body of the manikin, except the hands and feet. The hands and feet are not included in the skin burn injury prediction.1.4 The measurements obtained and observations noted can only apply to the particular garment(s) or ensemble(s) tested using the specified heat flux, flame distribution, and duration.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This method is not a fire test response test method.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units or other units commonly used for thermal testing. If appropriate, round the non-SI units for convenience.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of the flame resistance of fabric and other pliable materials used in camping tentage. 1.2 It provides for certification of materials by suppliers and for labeling programs to caution the user against actions detrimental to flame-retardant treated fabrics. It also facilitates the identification of tentage as being constructed of flame-resistant materials, and it identifies the manufacturer. 1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification: 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards and specifications require assessing the penetration resistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant body armor.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and development organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistance of body armor or performing research and development of new materials.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by other standards, specifications, or test methods.1.1 This test method addresses resistance to ballistic penetration and to backface deformation (BFD) for ballistic-resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft body armor, hard armor plates, in conjunction with armor, and shoot packs mounted on a clay block as the backing assembly.NOTE 1: This test method does not apply to ballistic helmets, inserts, trauma packs, trauma plates, or accessories.1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria or usage of the test results.1.4 This test method does not address conditioning of test items.1.5 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, or other users in order to meet their specific needs.1.5.1 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistic test threats to be used. Within this test method, the reference defining the ballistic test threats is called the “test threats document.”1.5.2 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance on the deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles that focuses on the mitigation of human injury. It is not in general intended to provide guidance on the protection of structures in the vicinity of where the blast resistant trash receptacles are deployed.5.2 The importance of a strategy and procedures for the deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles in crowded places cannot be overly emphasized. Trash receptacles in crowded places have been, and continue to be, an attractive repository for explosives. The selection of deployment locations impacts both the mitigation of the effects of an explosion occurring within one as well as the convenience of using the receptacles.5.3 Two major effects resulting from an explosion in a trash receptacle are the production of primary and secondary fragments as well as overpressure from the detonation. The recommendations in this guide are intended to mitigate the damaging effects of fragmentation and overpressure in crowded places.5.4 Another effect resulting from an explosion in a trash receptacle is the fireball. This effect may cause burns to people caught within or near to the fireball. Also, it is possible that the heat output from an explosion may cause nearby combustible material to ignite. It is important, therefore, that blast resistant trash receptacles are not placed near combustible materials.5.5 The deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles provides a means for decreasing injury and lethality during an explosive event no matter their location when compared to the protection afforded by ordinary trash receptacles or clear plastic bags. Fragments resulting from explosions create the greatest danger to people as fragments may travel several hundred meters and still have velocities that could be lethal or injurious. Blast resistant trash receptacles that meet the requirements of Specification E2740 when subjected to internal explosions equal to or less than the force protection rating contain horizontal primary fragments and do not produce secondary fragments.5.6 This guide provides general provisions for the deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles. Every facility or venue has unique features associated with factors such as demographics, location, and functions. Operational and explosive effects considerations (see  Section 7) provide basic recommendations that may be sufficient for many facilities buildings and venues, but may not be specifically applicable to others. For example, special security concerns at high value facilities or high pedestrian count venues will require guidance concerning the deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles from security personnel familiar with that facility.5.7 The guide is intended for use by individuals in both the private and public sectors who are considering the purchase and deployment of blast resistance trash receptacles.1.1 This guide identifies the key factors that should be considered prior to the deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles (BRTRs) in crowded places.1.1.1 Guidance is included for their deployment at interior and exterior locations associated with the crowded places.1.2 Facilities and venues where blast resistant trash receptacles may be deployed include, but are not limited to:1.2.1 Airports,1.2.2 Banks and other financial institutions,1.2.3 Bars and nightclubs,1.2.4 Convention centers,1.2.5 Entertainment and event centers,1.2.6 Hotels,1.2.7 Health care locations,1.2.8 Museums,1.2.9 Places of worship,1.2.10 Public government locations including fire and police stations,1.2.11 Railway stations, bus stations, and related transit areas,1.2.12 Restaurants,1.2.13 Retail centers and malls,1.2.14 Schools, universities, and related areas used for education,1.2.15 Stadiums and arenas, and1.2.16 Theaters.1.3 Guidance on conducting a threat assessment or vulnerability analysis, and on responding to incidents associated with the deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles is beyond the scope of this document.1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards require ballistic limit determination for assessing the performance of ballistic-resistant body armor.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and development organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistance of body armor or performing research and development of new materials.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by other standards, specifications, and test methods.1.1 This test method addresses the collection of ballistic limit data for ballistic-resistant torso body armor and shoot packs.1.2 This test method is intended for testing of soft body armor, hard armor plates, and shoot packs. This test method does not apply to ballistic helmets.1.3 This test method describes procedures for collecting data and does not specify computation or performance criteria for the ballistic limit. Instructions for computation and performance criteria are specified in other standards and specifications.1.4 Several commonly used test item mounting procedures and ballistic limit procedures are included in this test method; certifiers, purchasers, and other users will specify the procedures to be used.1.5 This test method does not address conditioning of test items.1.6 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, or other users to meet their specific needs.1.6.1 Certifier, purchasers, and other users will specify and describe the ballistic test threats to be used. Within this test method, the reference will be called the “test threats document.”1.6.2 Certifiers, purchasers, and other users will provide specific instructions for the determination of complete penetrations or partial penetrations.1.6.3 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Certifiers, purchasers, and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of Justice standards and specifications may require these test methods for assessing the penetration resistance and backface deformation of ballistic-resistant helmets and face shields.5.2 These test methods may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and development organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistance of helmets and face shields or performing research and development of new materials.5.3 It is intended that these test methods will be referenced by other standards and specifications.1.1 These test methods describe the tests for ballistic-resistant head protection which consists of helmets and face shields. Test methods address backface deformation, resistance to penetration, and ballistic limit. It is anticipated that these test methods will be referenced by purchasers or other users in specifications or performance standards for helmets in order to meet the user’s specific needs.NOTE 1: ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the general requirements for the competence to carry out tests or calibrations, or both. It covers testing and calibration performed using standard methods, non-standard methods, and laboratory-developed methods.1.2 These test methods do not address eye protection other than ballistic-resistant face shields that are attached to the helmet.1.3 These test methods do not specify performance criteria or usages of the test results.1.4 These test methods include procedures for conditioning of test items prior to ballistic testing.1.5 In these test methods, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of these test methods. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications,” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of these test methods.1.5.1 Other standards and specifications will specify and describe the ballistic test threats to be used.1.6 Units—Values stated in either the International System of Units (metric) or U.S. Customary units (inch-pound) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Both units are referenced to facilitate acquisition of materials internationally and minimize fabrication costs. Tests conducted using either system maintain repeatability and reproducibility of the test method and results are comparable.1.7 If there is a discrepancy between these test methods and a user supplied document, the user supplied document takes precedence.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The test method is intended to determine the resistance to penetration of a ballistic-resistant product or shoot pack to specified projectiles impacting at specified velocities. No other properties of the ballistic-resistant product or shoot pack are evaluated by this test method.5.2 This test method may be used by private-sector and government laboratories, manufacturers, research and development organizations, and others assessing the ballistic resistance of products or shoot packs or performing research and development of new products.5.3 It is intended that this test method be referenced by other standards, specifications, or test methods.1.1 This test method assesses resistance to complete penetration by projectiles and applies to ballistic-resistant products or shoot packs, either flexible or rigid, that are intended to provide protection against projectiles from small arms.2 This test method does not assess blunt impact resistance.1.2 This test method does not apply to body armor, armor panels, inserts, trauma packs, trauma plates, materials, or other items intended to be worn or located against the body to limit blunt trauma.1.3 This test method applies only to products related to homeland security and public safety.1.4 This test method is not intended to address architectural products covered by Test Method F1233, such as building materials and security glazing.1.5 This test method is applicable to products or shoot packs that are constructed with identical layups of ballistic materials over the entire product or shoot pack. The product or shoot pack may have stitching, seams, or other joints.NOTE 1: For example, this test method is applicable for evaluating a ballistic-resistant blanket constructed from multiple sheets of different materials laminated together; however, this test method is not applicable for evaluating a ballistic-resistant shield that has a discontinuity at the interface between opaque and transparent component materials.1.6 The test method does not specify performance criteria or usage of the test results.1.7 It is anticipated that this test method will be referenced by certifiers, purchasers, or other users in order to meet their specific needs.1.7.1 In this test method, “other standards and specifications” and “unless specified elsewhere” refer to documents (for example, military standards, purchase specifications) that require the use of this test method. Purchasers and other users are responsible for the “other standards and specifications” and for specifying any requirements that supersede those of this test method.1.7.2 Purchasers and other users will specify the ballistic test threats, and the associated velocities, to be used.1.8 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.8.1 The user of this standard will identify the system of units to be used, and it is critical to ensure that any cross-referenced standards maintain consistency of units between standards.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers double pour, centrifugally cast, abrasion-resistant roll shells for general application. The outer layer is white iron and the inner layer is gray iron and there shall be no gradient of mottled iron these layers. Both the white and the gray irons may be melted by any suitable melting process. The white iron portion of the casting shall be produced by chemistry rather than chilling. A chemical analysis of the white and gray irons shall be taken and the chemical compositions shall be controlled to obtain the required mechanical properties. The white iron (Types I, II, III, and IV) shall conform to the specified Brinell hardness and the gray iron (Class Nos. 20, 25, 30, and 35) shall conform to the specified tensile strength. The minimum thickness of the white iron layer is given. Hardness and tension tests of the cast dual metal shall be performed.1.1 This specification covers double pour, centrifugally cast, abrasion-resistant roll shells for general application. The outer layer is white iron and the inner layer is gray iron. There shall be no gradient of mottled iron between the white iron and the gray iron.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.2.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7044-15 Standard Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids (Withdrawn 2024) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This specification presents the performance classifications for biodegradable fire-resistant hydraulic fluids that are used in the industrial/mobile and mining industries. Covered here are seven material classes, as follows: HFA are fire resistant hydraulic fluids that may be further classified as HFAE, which are oil-in-water emulsions, and HFAS, which are chemical solutions not containing any emulsions; HFB, which are water-in-oil emulsions; HFC, which are aqueous monomer and polymer polyglycol solutions; HFD, which are phosphate ester or polyolester-based, water-insoluble fire-resistant fluids; HFDR, which are phosphate ester-based fluids; HFDU, which arewater-free fluids based on chemical compounds other than phosphate esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons; and HEPG, which are anhydrous "environmentally friendly" polyalkylene glycol-derived hydraulic fluids that may be water soluble or insoluble.1.1 This specification covers performance classifications for biodegradable fire-resistant hydraulic fluids that are used in the industrial/mobile and mining industries.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification establishes nationally recognized performance requirements for portable gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fueling systems intended for reuse by the consumer in filling, transport, dispensing, and storage. This specification defines performance requirements for systems that can effectively reduce fuel spillage and emissions when used in accordance with the manufacturer's (marked) warnings, operating instructions, and limitations of use. Permeability, flow rate, and fill level shall conform to the requirements specified. Spout samples shall be subjected to the following tests in order to determine their overall performance: leakage test, operation test, elevated temperature test, bending moment test, cyclic endurance test, pull test, closure test, drop test, immersion test, aging test, xenon arc type light exposure test, and water exposure test.1.1 This specification establishes nationally recognized performance requirements for portable gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fueling systems intended for reuse by the consumer in filling, transport, dispensing, and storage. This specification does not cover single-trip prepackaged containers.1.2 This specification defines performance requirements for systems that can effectively reduce fuel spillage and emissions when used in accordance with the manufacturer's (marked) warnings, operating instructions, and limitations of use. This specification does not provide assurance that systems meeting the requirements are suited to all fueling applications and conditions.1.3 This specification is not a fire hazard standard. It concerns portable gasoline and kerosene containers for consumer use.1.4 Containers used with these systems shall meet all applicable requirements of either Specification F 852 or F 976 and additional requirements as specified in this standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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