5.1 Effective solid film lubricant coatings must adhere to surfaces to provide adequate lubrication in applications with restricted access where fluid lubricants cannot easily be replenished. Loss of coating adhesion results in metal to metal contact causing significant wear of contacting surfaces. Adhesion is critical to the performance of the solid film lubricant. Examples of solid film lubricant applications include fasteners, bearings and sliding members in automotive, aircraft, and aerospace hardware.5.2 This test method is intended to determine the adhesion of solid film lubricant coatings when submitted to contact with water and other fluids. Results of this test provide an indication of the suitability of the lubricant coating in applications where contact with water or other fluids is likely.1.1 This test method2 covers the measurement of the adhesion characteristics of dry solid film lubricants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Solid lubricant coatings are applied to surfaces that are exposed to heat and cold to such a degree that in many cases liquid lubricants are not practical. Adherence under these conditions is mandatory to preserve the bearing surfaces during sliding motion.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance of dry solid film lubricants to deterioration when subjected to temperature extremes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Waste composition information has widespread applications and can be used for activities such as solid waste planning, designing waste management facilities, and establishing a reference waste composition for use as a baseline standard in both facility contracts and acceptance test plans.4.2 The method can be used to define and report the composition of MSW through the selection and manual sorting of waste samples. Where applicable, care should be taken to consider the source and seasonal variation of waste.4.3 After performing a waste composition analysis, laboratory analyses may be performed on representative samples of waste components, or mixtures of waste components, for purposes related to the planning, management, design, testing, and operation of resource recovery facilities.1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the composition of unprocessed municipal solid waste (MSW) by employing manual sorting. This test method applies to determination of the mean composition of MSW based on the collection and manual sorting of a number of samples of waste over a selected time period covering a minimum of one week.1.2 This test method includes procedures for the collection of a representative sorting sample of unprocessed waste, manual sorting of the waste into individual waste components, data reduction, and reporting of the results.1.3 This test method may be applied at landfill sites, waste processing and conversion facilities, and transfer stations.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Permittivity and dissipation factor are sensitive to changes in chemical composition, impurities, and homogeneity. Measurement of these properties is, therefore, useful for quality control and for determining the effect of environments such as moisture, heat, or radiation.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative permittivity (dielectric constant) and dissipation factor of solid dielectrics from 50 Hz to 10 MHz over a range of temperatures from −80 to 500 °C.2,3 Two procedures are included as follows:1.1.1 Procedure A—Using Micrometer Electrode.1.1.2 Procedure B—Using Precision Capacitor.NOTE 1: In common usage the word “relative” is frequently dropped.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice will identify waste materials that are potentially unstable when they come in contact with other materials at a waste treatment or disposal site.5.2 This practice will serve to determine the miscibility of waste materials with various media, including other wastes.5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all wastes. The appropriateness of these tests depends upon the proposed management of the waste.5.4 Since the initiation of some chemical reactions are slow to take place, the user may wish to establish reagent-to-waste contact times prior to observing the mixes for any reactions.1.1 This practice is designed to determine whether a waste material reacts when it is mixed with air, water, strong acid, strong base, an oil/solvent mixture, other waste mixtures, or solid media such as a geological formation or solidification agents.1.2 The miscibility of the waste material with the above media can also be defined.NOTE 1: The following ASTM standards provide supplemental information: Test Methods D4978, D4980, D4982, D5049, and D5057 and Practices D4979, D4981, and D5058.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Inappropriate activation of complement by blood-contacting medical devices may have serious acute or chronic effects on the host. This practice is useful as a simple, inexpensive screening method for determining functional whole complement activation by solid materials in vitro.5.2 This practice is composed of two parts. In Part A (Section 11), human serum is exposed to a solid material. Complement may be depleted by the classical or alternative pathways. In principle, nonspecific binding of certain complement components also may occur. The alternative pathway can deplete later acting components common to both pathways, that is components other than C1, C4, and C3 (1) .4 In Part B (Section 12), complement activity remaining in the serum after exposure to the test material is assayed by classical pathway-mediated lysis of sensitized RBC.5.3 Assessment of in vitro whole complement activation, as described here, provides one method for predicting potential complement activation by medical materials intended for clinical application in humans when the material contacts the blood. Other test methods for complement activation are available, including assays for specific complement components and their split products (see X1.3 and X1.4).5.4 This in vitro test method is suitable for adoption in specifications and standards for screening solid materials for use in the construction of medical devices intended to be implanted in the human body or placed in contact with human blood.1.1 This practice provides a protocol for rapid, in vitro screening for whole complement activating properties of solid materials used in the fabrication of medical devices that will contact blood.1.2 This practice is intended to evaluate the acute in vitro whole complement activating properties of solid materials intended for use in contact with blood. For this practice, the words “serum” and “complement” are used interchangeably (most biological supply houses use these words synonymously in reference to serum used as a source of complement).1.3 This practice consists of two procedural parts. Procedure A describes exposure of solid materials to a standard lot of human serum, using a 0.1-mL serum/13 x 100-mm disposable test tube. Cellulose acetate powders and fibers are used as examples of test materials. Procedure B describes assaying the exposed serum for significant functional whole complement depletion as compared to control samples.1.4 This practice does not address function, elaboration, or depletion of individual complement components, nor does it address the use of plasma as a source of complement.1.5 This practice is one of several developed for the assessment of the biocompatibility of materials. Practice F748 may provide guidance for the selection of appropriate methods for testing materials for other aspects of biocompatibility.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the material and performance characteristics that determine serviceability and recommended applicability of solid vinyl floor tiles intended for use in commercial, light commercial, and residential buildings. Floor tiles shall be classified as Class I for monolithic vinyl tiles, Class II for surface-decorated vinyl tiles, and Class III for printed film vinyl tiles. Furthermore, these classes of tiles shall be subgrouped as Type A for tiles with smooth surfaces, and Type B for those with embossed surfaces. The tiles shall be composed of binder, filler, and pigments compounded with suitable lubricants and processing aids, the composition for all of which shall be dictated by their respective classes. When tested, the tiles shall adhere to the following physical requirements: binder content; dimension including size, thickness, squareness, and dimensional stability; residual indentation; flexibility; resistance to chemicals such as white vinegar, rubbing alcohol, white mineral oil, sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, household ammonia solution, household bleach, olive oil, kerozene, unleaded gasoline, and phenol; resistance to heat; and resistance to light.1.1 This specification covers solid vinyl2 floor tiles that are monolithic, surface decorated or printed, and protected by a clear wear layer.1.2 This type of floor covering is intended for use in commercial, light commercial, and residential buildings. General information and performance characteristics which determine serviceability and recommended use are included in this specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Design calculations for such components as transmission lines, antennas, radomes, resonators, phase shifters, etc., require knowledge of values of complex permittivity at operating frequencies. The related microwave measurements substitute distributed field techniques for low-frequency lumped-circuit impedance techniques.4.2 Further information on the significance of permittivity is contained in Test Methods D150.4.3 These test methods are useful for specification acceptance, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and research and development of ceramics, glasses, and organic dielectric materials.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of relative (Note 1) complex permittivity (dielectric constant and dissipation factor) of nonmagnetic solid dielectric materials.NOTE 1: The word “relative” is often omitted.1.1.1 Test Method A is for specimens precisely formed to the inside dimension of a waveguide.1.1.2 Test Method B is for specimens of specified geometry that occupy a very small portion of the space inside a resonant cavity.1.1.3 Test Method C uses a resonant cavity with fewer restrictions on specimen size, geometry, and placement than Test Methods A and B.1.2 Although these test methods are used over the microwave frequency spectrum from around 0.5 to 50.0 GHz, each octave increase usually requires a different generator and a smaller test waveguide or resonant cavity.1.3 Tests at elevated temperatures are made using special high-temperature waveguide and resonant cavities.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 LOI refers to the mass loss of a combustion residue whenever it is heated in an air or oxygen atmosphere to high temperatures. In the cement industry, use of the term LOI normally refers to a mass loss in a sample heated to 950 °C. To combustion engineers, the term LOI normally refers to mass losses in samples heated to temperatures normally less than 950 °C. These test methods establish a procedure for determining LOI values for combustion residues heated to 750 °C or 950 °C. LOI values from these test methods can be used by industries that utilize combustion residues in various processes and products.5.2 If the solid combustion residue is heated to estimate the combustible or unburned carbon in the sample, it has been shown that LOI and estimation of unburned carbon do not necessarily agree well with each other and that LOI should not be used as an estimate of unburned carbon in all combustion residues.4 Direct determination of unburned (combustible) carbon can be carried out using Test Method D6316.5.3 If the solid combustion residue is heated to prepare an ash for the determination of the mass fractions of major and minor elements, use the heating procedure described in Test Methods D3682, D4326, and D6349, or the procedures for the 750 °C LOI determination described in these test methods (Method A).5.4 If the solid combustion residue is heated to prepare an ash for the determination of the mass fractions of trace elements, use the heating procedure described in Test Methods D3683 and D6357.NOTE 1: Combustion residues produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems can differ from the ash yield, as determined in Test Methods D3174 and D7582, because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of metal sulfides into metal oxides, metal sulfates and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Likewise, the “ash” obtained after igniting combustion residues can differ in composition and amount from Test Methods D3174 and D7582 ash yields because of different heating procedures, combustion of unburned carbon, and decomposition of materials in the residue.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the mass loss from solid combustion residues upon heating in an air or oxygen atmosphere to a prescribed temperature. The mass loss can be due to the loss of moisture, carbon, sulfur, and so forth, from the decomposition or combustion of the residue.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The measurement of particulate matter emission rates is an important test method widely used in the practice of air pollution control.5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal or state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes.5.1.2 The measurements made before and after design modifications are necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of design changes in reducing emissions and make this standard an important tool in manufacturer’s research and development programs.5.2 Measurement of heating efficiency provides a uniform basis for comparison of product performance that is useful to the consumer. It is also required to relate emissions produced to the useful heat production.5.3 This is a laboratory method and is not intended to be fully representative of all actual field use. It is recognized that users of hand-fired wood burning equipment have a great deal of influence over the performance of any wood-burning appliance. Some compromises in realism have been made in the interest of providing a reliable and repeatable test method.1.1 This test method applies to wood-fired or automatically fed biomass burning hydronic heating appliances. These appliances transfer heat to the indoor environment through circulation of a liquid heat exchange media such as water or a water-antifreeze mixture.1.2 The test method simulates hand loading of seasoned cordwood or fueling with a specified biomass fuel and measures particulate emissions and delivered heating efficiency at specified heat output rates based on the appliance’s rated heating capacity.1.3 Particulate emissions are measured by the dilution tunnel method as specified in Test Method E2515. Delivered efficiency is determined by measurement of the usable heat output (determined through measurement of the flow rate and temperature change of water circulated through a heat exchanger external to the appliance) and the heat input (determined from the mass of dry fuel burned and its higher heating value). Delivered efficiency does not attempt to account for pipeline loss.1.4 Products covered by this test method include both pressurized and non-pressurized heating appliances intended to be fired with wood or automatically fed biomass fuels. These products are hydronic heating appliances which the manufacturer specifies for outdoor or indoor installation. They are often connected to a heat exchanger by insulated pipes and normally include a pump to circulate heated liquid. They are used to heat structures such as homes, barns, and greenhouses and can heat domestic hot water, spas, or swimming pools.1.4.1 Hydronic heating systems that incorporate a high mass heat storage system that is capable of storing the entire heat output of a standard fuel load are tested by the procedure specified in Annex A1. Systems that incorporate high mass heat storage capable of storing a portion of the output from a standard fuel load are tested by the procedure specified in Annex A2.1.5 Distinguishing features of products covered by this standard include:1.5.1 Manufacturers specify indoor or outdoor installation.1.5.2 A firebox with an access door for hand loading of fuel or a hopper and automated feed system for delivery of particulate fuel such as wood pellets or solid biomass fuel to a burn pot or combustion chamber.1.5.3 Typically a thermostatic control device that controls combustion air supply or fuel delivery, or both, to maintain the liquid in the appliance within a predetermined temperature range provided sufficient fuel is available in the firebox or hopper.1.5.4 A chimney or vent that exhausts combustion products from the appliance.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6.1 Exception—Metric units are used in 13.1, 13.4.3, Tables 4-6, and A1.11.6.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers corrugated and solid fiberboard sheet stock (container grade) and cut shapes intended for use mainly in the fabrication of boxes and interior details (for example, pads, sleeves, liners, partitions, and die-cut sheets). Covered in this specification are three classes (domestic and domestic/fire retardant, weather resistant and weather resistant/fire retardant, and water and water-vapor resistant and water and water-vapor resistant/fire retardant) of corrugated fiberboard and two classes (domestic and domestic/fire retardant, and weather resistant and weather resistant/fire retardant) of solid fiberboard, with a variety of grades reflecting the varied performance levels of the fiberboards. Corrugated fiberboards shall be manufactured with two, three, or four facings for single-, double-, or triple-wall varieties, respectively, with each facing separated by and securely adhered to the corrugating medium of any suitable fiber. Solid fiberboards, on the other hand, shall be manufactured from plies securely and continuously laminated together. The facings of corrugated fiberboards and plies of solid fiberboards shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests for thickness, basis weight, puncture resistance, ply separation, bursting strength, flame spread, specific optical density, and edge crush shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers fiberboard primarily used for the fabrication of boxes and interior details such as pads, sleeves, liners, partitions, die-cut sheets, etc.1.2 The performance of fiberboard boxes is largely dependent on the paper components from which they are fabricated and, in the case of corrugated boxes, on the flute structure as well. Therefore, a variety of grades reflecting varied performance levels are specified.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM-SI-10 for conversion of units.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test portion, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification is intended for interlocking concrete pavers used in the construction of paved surfaces and manufactured from cementitious materials, aggregates, chemical admixtures, and other constituents such as integral water repellents. The specification also offers guidelines for physical requirements, sampling and testing, visual inspection, and rejection of specimens.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlocking concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of paved surfaces.1.2 Concrete units covered by this specification shall be made with lightweight or normal weight aggregates or both.NOTE 1: If particular features are desired, such as weight classification, higher compressive strength, surface textures, finish, color, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should be consulted as to availability of units having the desired features.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

The melting point is useful in selecting a filling or treating compound that will not flow at the operating temperature of the device in which it will be used. It is also essential that it shall not be so high as to injure the insulation at the time of pouring. This test method is suitable for specification, classification, and for control of product uniformity. 1.1 These test methods cover physical and electrical tests for solid filling and treating compounds used for electrical insulation which are fusible to a liquid without significant chemical reaction. Compounds that are converted to the solid state by polymerization, condensation, or other chemical reaction are not included in these test methods. 1.2 These test methods are designed primarily for asphaltic or bituminous compounds, waxes, and fusible resins, or mixtures thereof, although some of these methods are applicable to semisolid types such as petrolatums. Special methods more suitable for hydrocarbon waxes are contained in Test Methods D1168. 1.3 Provide adequate ventilation when these tests involve heating. 1.4 The test methods appear in the following sections: Test MethodSections Electrical Tests: A-C Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)51-54 Dielectric Strength42-45 Volume Resistivity-Temperature Characteristics46-49 Physical Tests: Coefficient of Expansion or Contraction22-41 Flash and Fire Points 9 and 10 Loss on Heating11 and 12 Melting Point5 and 6 Penetration15 and 16 Softening Point7 and 8 Specific Gravity17-21 Viscosity13 and 14 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 12.1 and 31.5. Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent IEC or ISO standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This method directly determines the concentrations of dissolved PAH concentrations in environmental sediment pore water samples. The method is important from an environmental regulatory perspective because it can achieve the analytical sensitivities to meet the goals of the USEPA narcosis model for protecting benthic organisms in PAH contaminated sediments. Regulatory methods using solvent extraction have not achieved the wide calibration ranges from nanograms to milligrams per litre and the required levels of detection in the nanogram-per-litre range. In addition, conventional solvent extraction methods require large aliquot volumes (litre or larger), use of large volumes of organic solvents, and filtration to generate the pore water. This approach entails the storage and processing of large volumes of sediment samples and loss of low molecular weight PAHs in the filtration and solvent evaporation steps.5.2 This method can be used to determine nanogram to milligram per litre PAH concentrations in pore water. Small volumes of pore water are required for SPME extraction, only 1.5 mL per determination and virtually no solvent extraction waste is generated.1.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) narcosis model for benthic organisms in sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is based on the concentrations of dissolved PAHs in the interstitial water or “pore water” in sediment. This test method covers the separation of pore water from PAH-impacted sediment samples, the removal of colloids, and the subsequent measurement of dissolved concentrations of the required 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated daughter PAHs in the pore water samples. The “24 PAHs” are determined using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Isotopically labeled analogs of the target compounds are introduced prior to the extraction, and are used as quantification references.1.2 Lower molecular weight PAHs are more water soluble than higher molecular weight PAHs. Therefore, USEPA-regulated PAH concentrations in pore water samples vary widely due to differing saturation water solubilities that range from 0.2 µg/L for indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to 31 000 µg/L for naphthalene. This method can accommodate the measurement of microgram per litre concentrations for low molecular weight PAHs and nanogram per litre concentrations for high molecular weight PAHs.1.3 The USEPA narcosis model predicts toxicity to benthic organisms if the sum of the toxic units (ΣTUc) calculated for all “34 PAHs” measured in a pore water sample is greater than or equal to 1. For this reason, the performance limit required for the individual PAH measurements was defined as the concentration of an individual PAH that would yield 1/34 of a toxic unit (TU). However, the focus of this method is the 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated PAHs (Table 1) that contribute 95 % of the toxic units based on the analysis of 120 background and impacted sediment pore water samples.3 The primary reasons for eliminating the rest of the 5-6 ring parent PAHs are: (1) these PAHs contribute insignificantly to the pore water TU, and (2) these PAHs exhibit extremely low saturation solubilities that will make the detection of these compounds difficult in pore water. This method can achieve the required detection limits, which range from approximately 0.01 µg/L, for high molecular weight PAHs, to approximately 3 µg/L for low molecular weight PAHs.1.4 The test method may also be applied to the determination of additional PAH compounds (for example, 5- and 6-ring PAHs as described in Hawthorne et al.).4 However, it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish the validity of the test method for the determination of PAHs other than those referenced in 1.1 and Table 1.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, refer to Section 9.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method establishes the requirements for a standardized method of evaluating the performance of crimped-type electrical connections having solid or stranded conductors.5.2 In order to achieve a successful crimped connection, the crimping tool must deform the material of the crimp barrel or barrel tab(s) around the conductor. As a consequence, the conductor surfaces are placed under compression by the crimp terminal and areas of contact are established between the conductor and the crimp barrel. These areas provide the desired electrical connection. A reliable crimped connection is one that is capable of maintaining the contact between the conductor and crimp barrel so that a stable electrical connection is maintained when it is exposed to the conditions it was designed to endure during its useful life.5.3 Evaluation testing is designed to ensure that a particular design crimped connection system consisting of conductor and component and associated tooling is capable of achieving a reliable electrical and mechanical connection. After the evaluation is completed, if any change in the system parts is made, the system should be reevaluated using the same procedures.5.4 After completion of the evaluation test, the tensile pull strength results may be used to develop acceptance requirements to be used in inspection of subsequent production lots of crimped connections. An example of such an acceptance requirement is shown in Appendix X1.5.5 The aging test, 33 days exposure at 118°C, has been used in the telecommunications industry to simulate 40 years of service at a moderately elevated temperature of 50°C, an environment that components experience within large banks of telephone equipment. This environment is similar to that seen in a wide range of electronic systems operating indoors containing active components that dissipate power. The test is designed to reproduce the stress relaxation of copper alloys in such service and has been used extensively in evaluating wire wrap connections. It also accelerates other thermally activated processes such as oxidation although their acceleration factors may be different from that of copper stress relaxation.5.6 The aging test accelerates stress relaxation processes and other thermally activated processes but does not address some other possible hazards such as corrosion. Additional testing may be appropriate if the intended service environment presents such hazards.1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for a standardized method of evaluating the quality of crimped-type electrical connections to solid or stranded conductors. This test method applies to 16-gauge and smaller diameter copper wire, coated or uncoated.1.2 This test method is applicable to connection systems intended for indoor use, or for use in environmentally protected enclosures. Additional testing may be required to assure satisfactory performance in applications where high humidity or corrosive environment, or both, may be present.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车