5.1 Sediment toxicity evaluations are a critical component of environmental quality and ecosystem impact assessments, and are used to meet a variety of research and regulatory objectives. The manner in which the sediments are collected, stored, characterized, and manipulated can influence the results of any sediment quality or process evaluation greatly. Addressing these variables in a systematic and uniform manner will aid the interpretations of sediment toxicity or bioaccumulation results and may allow comparisons between studies.5.2 Sediment quality assessment is an important component of water quality protection. Sediment assessments commonly include physicochemical characterization, toxicity tests or bioaccumulation tests, as well as benthic community analyses. The use of consistent sediment collection, manipulation, and storage methods will help provide high quality samples with which accurate data can be obtained for the national inventory and for other programs to prevent, remediate, and manage contaminated sediment.5.3 It is now widely known that the methods used in sample collection, transport, handling, storage, and manipulation of sediments and interstitial waters can influence the physicochemical properties and the results of chemical, toxicity, and bioaccumulation analyses. Addressing these variables in an appropriate and systematic manner will provide more accurate sediment quality data and facilitate comparisons among sediment studies.5.4 This standard provides current information and recommendations for collecting and handling sediments for physicochemical characterization and biological testing, using procedures that are most likely to maintain in situ conditions, most accurately represent the sediment in question, or satisfy particular needs, to help generate consistent, high quality data collection.5.5 This standard is intended to provide technical support to those who design or perform sediment quality studies under a variety of regulatory and non-regulatory programs. Information is provided concerning general sampling design considerations, field and laboratory facilities needed, safety, sampling equipment, sample storage and transport procedures, and sample manipulation issues common to chemical or toxicological analyses. Information contained in this standard reflects the knowledge and experience of several internationally-known sources including the Puget Sound Estuary Program (PSEP), Washington State Department of Ecology (WDE), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Environment Canada. This standard attempts to present a coherent set of recommendations on field sampling techniques and sediment or interstitial water sample processing based on the above sources, as well as extensive information in the peer-reviewed literature.5.6 As the scope of this standard is broad, it is impossible to adequately present detailed information on every aspect of sediment sampling and processing for all situations. Nor is such detailed guidance warranted because much of this information (for example, how to operate a particular sampling device or how to use a Geographical Positioning System (GPS) device) already exists in other published materials referenced in this standard.5.7 Given the above constraints, this standard: (1) presents a discussion of activities involved in sediment sampling and sample processing; (2) alerts the user to important issues that should be considered within each activity; and (3) gives recommendations on how to best address the issues raised such that appropriate samples are collected and analyzed. An attempt is made to alert the user to different considerations pertaining to sampling and sample processing depending on the objectives of the study (for example, remediation, dredged material evaluations or status and trends monitoring).5.8 The organization of this standard reflects the desire to give field personnel and managers a useful tool for choosing appropriate sampling locations, characterize those locations, collect and store samples, and manipulate those samples for analyses. Each section of this standard is written so that the reader can obtain information on only one activity or set of activities (for example, subsampling or sample processing), if desired, without necessarily reading the entire standard. Many sections are cross-referenced so that the reader is alerted to relevant issues that might be covered elsewhere in the standard. This is particularly important for certain chemical or toxicological applications in which appropriate sample processing or laboratory procedures are associated with specific field sampling procedures.5.9 The methods contained in this standard are widely applicable to any entity wishing to collect consistent, high quality sediment data. This standard does not provide guidance on how to implement any specific regulatory requirement, or design a particular sediment quality assessment, but rather it is a compilation of technical methods on how to best collect environmental samples that most appropriately address common sampling objectives.5.10 The information presented in this standard should not be viewed as the final statement on all the recommended procedures. Many of the topics addressed in this standard (for example, sediment holding time, formulated sediment composition, interstitial water collection and processing) are the subject of ongoing research. As data from sediment monitoring and research becomes available in the future, this standard will be updated as necessary.1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining, storing, characterizing, and manipulating marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments, for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates (Annex A1). This standard is not meant to provide detailed guidance for all aspects of sediment assessments, such as chemical analyses or monitoring, geophysical characterization, or extractable phase and fractionation analyses. However, some of this information might have applications for some of these activities. A variety of methods are reviewed in this guide. A statement on the consensus approach then follows this review of the methods. This consensus approach has been included in order to foster consistency among studies. It is anticipated that recommended methods and this guide will be updated routinely to reflect progress in our understanding of sediments and how to best study them. This version of the standard is based primarily on a document developed by USEPA (2001 (1))2 and by Environment Canada (1994 (2)) as well as an earlier version of this standard.1.2 Protecting sediment quality is an important part of restoring and maintaining the biological integrity of our natural resources as well as protecting aquatic life, wildlife, and human health. Sediment is an integral component of aquatic ecosystems, providing habitat, feeding, spawning, and rearing areas for many aquatic organisms (MacDonald and Ingersoll 2002 a, b (3)(4)). Sediment also serves as a reservoir for contaminants in sediment and therefore a potential source of contaminants to the water column, organisms, and ultimately human consumers of those organisms. These contaminants can arise from a number of sources, including municipal and industrial discharges, urban and agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and port operations.1.3 Contaminated sediment can cause lethal and sublethal effects in benthic (sediment-dwelling) and other sediment-associated organisms. In addition, natural and human disturbances can release contaminants to the overlying water, where pelagic (water column) organisms can be exposed. Sediment-associated contaminants can reduce or eliminate species of recreational, commercial, or ecological importance, either through direct effects or by affecting the food supply that sustainable populations require. Furthermore, some contaminants in sediment can bioaccumulate through the food chain and pose health risks to wildlife and human consumers even when sediment-dwelling organisms are not themselves impacted (Test Method E1706).1.4 There are several regulatory guidance documents concerned with sediment collection and characterization procedures that might be important for individuals performing federal or state agency-related work. Discussion of some of the principles and current thoughts on these approaches can be found in Dickson, et al. Ingersoll et al. (1997 (5)), and Wenning and Ingersoll (2002 (6)).1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:  Section  1Referenced Documents  2Terminology  3Summary of Guide  4  5Interferences  6Apparatus  7Safety Hazards  8Sediment Monitoring and Assessment Plans  9Collection of Whole Sediment Samples 10Field Sample Processing, Transport, and Storage of Sediments 11Sample Manipulations 12Collection of Interstitial Water 13Physico-chemical Characterization of Sediment Samples 14Quality Assurance 15Report 16Keywords 17Description of Samplers Used to Collect Sediment or Benthic Invertebrates Annex A11.6 Field-collected sediments might contain potentially toxic materials and should thus be treated with caution to minimize occupational exposure to workers. Worker safety must also be considered when working with spiked sediments containing various organic, inorganic, or radiolabeled contaminants, or some combination thereof. Careful consideration should be given to those chemicals that might biodegrade, volatilize, oxidize, or photolyze during the exposure.1.7 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 1058元 / 折扣价： 900 元 加购物车

4.1 The purpose of this document is to provide valid and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment assembled and maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications. Use of these test methods in conjunction with Specification F3105 is intended to maximize the reliability of the equipment’s design and reduce the risk of serious injury resulting from design deficiencies.1.1 These test methods specify procedures and apparatus used for testing and evaluating Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment for compliance to Specification F3105. Both design and operational parameters will be evaluated. Where possible and applicable, accepted test methods from other recognized bodies will be used and referenced.1.2 Requirements—This equipment is to be tested in accordance with this test method or Test Methods F2571 for all of the following parameters:1.2.1 Stability,1.2.2 Edge and corner sharpness,1.2.3 Tube ends,1.2.4 Entrapment and pinch points,1.2.5 Weight disc retention,1.2.6 Function of adjustments and locking mechanisms,1.2.7 Training weight post loading,1.2.8 Storage weight post loading,1.2.9 Stop height verification,1.2.10 Stop load drop test,1.2.11 Barbell hook dimensions,1.2.12 Catch hook load drop test,1.2.13 Barbell support/frame impact test,1.2.14 Intrinsic loading,1.2.15 Extrinsic loading,1.2.16 Endurance loading, and1.2.17 Documentation and warnings verification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification outlines parameters for the proper design and manufacture of externally loaded strength training equipment, strength training benches and external weight storage equipment. It aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility of injury when the products are used in accordance with the operational instructions. The fitness products are intended for use in an indoor setting or environment, and only by an individual age 13 and older.The equipment types covered by this specification are: externally loaded strength training equipment, work arm actuated (type 1); externally loaded strength training equipment, linear slide actuated (type 2); strength training benches, designed for use with a barbell (type 3); strength training benches, designed for independent use or for use with optional equipment (type 4); external weight storage equipment, any device with the sole purpose to store external weights (type 5); multi-function systems, a machine whose function incorporates more than one station or operation intended for separate exercises (type 6); rack stations (type 7).1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the design and manufacture of externally loaded strength training equipment, strength training benches and external weight storage equipment as defined in 3.1.1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in an indoor setting or environment.1.3 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness products for use only by an individual age 13 and older.1.4 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2276, Test Methods F2571, and Test Methods F3104.1.5 This standard takes precedence over Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific to Externally Loaded Strength Training Equipment, Strength Training Benches and External Weight Storage Equipment.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 For a fabricated panel to be properly used, it must be adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and stored in such a way that its physical property values are not degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the unnecessary failure of the fabricated panel in a properly designed application.4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installation requirements or quality assurance programs.1.1 This guide covers guidelines for the identification, packaging, handling, storage, and deployment of fabricated geomembrane panels. This guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each project involving fabricated panels presents its own challenges and special conditions.1.2 This guide is intended to aid fabricators, suppliers, purchasers, and users of fabricated panels in the identification, packaging, handling, storage, and deployment of fabricated geomembrane panels.1.3 This guide is written for factory-fabricated geomembrane panels only. Other geosynthetics use Guide D4873/D4873M as their guide.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice provides the user of gas turbine fuel oils and the designer of gas turbine fuel systems with an appreciation of the effects of fuel contaminants and general methods of controlling such contaminants in gas turbine fuel systems.5.2 This practice is general in nature and should not be considered a substitute for any requirement imposed by warranty of the gas turbine manufacturer, or by federal, state, or local government regulations.5.3 Although it cannot replace a knowledge of local conditions or the use of good engineering and scientific judgment, this practice does provide guidance in development of individual fuel management systems for the gas turbine user.1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the gas turbine, or both.1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880, or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 For criticality control of nuclear fuel in dry storage and transportation, the most commonly used neutron absorber materials are borated stainless steel alloys, borated aluminum alloys, and boron carbide aluminum alloy composites. The boron used in these neutron absorber materials may be natural or enriched in the nuclide 10B. The boron is usually incorporated either as an intermetallic phase (for example, AlB2, TiB2, CrB2, etc.) in an aluminum alloy or stainless steel, or as a stable chemical compound particulate such as boron carbide (B4C), typically in an aluminum MMC or cermet.4.2 While other neutron absorbers continue to be investigated, 10B has been most widely used in these applications, and it is the only thermal neutron absorber addressed in this standard.4.3 In service, many neutron absorber materials are inaccessible and not amenable to a surveillance program. These neutron absorber materials are often expected to perform over an extended period.4.4 Qualification and acceptance procedures demonstrate that the neutron absorber material has the necessary characteristics to perform its design functions during the service lifetime.4.5 The criticality control function of neutron absorber materials in dry cask storage systems and transportation packagings is only significant in the presence of a moderator, such as during loading of fuel under water, or water ingress resulting from hypothetical accident conditions.4.6 The expected users of this standard include designers, neutron absorber material suppliers and purchasers, government agencies, consultants and utility owners. Typical use of the practice is to summarize practices which provide input for design specification, material qualification, and production acceptance. Adherence to this standard does not guarantee regulatory approval; a government regulatory authority may require different tests or additional tests, and may impose limits or restrictions on the use of a neutron absorber material.1.1 This practice provides procedures for qualification and acceptance of neutron absorber materials used to provide criticality control by absorbing thermal neutrons in systems designed for nuclear fuel storage, transportation, or both.1.2 This practice is limited to neutron absorber materials consisting of metal alloys, metal matrix composites (MMCs), and cermets, clad or unclad, containing the neutron absorber boron-10 (10B).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice describes a procedure for preparing and storing a suspension of C. difficile spores that meets the following acceptance criteria: (1) spore titer of approximately 5.0×108 spores/mL, (2) spore purity of ≥95 %, and (3) a mean log10 reduction (LR) value >5.0 for 3 carriers exposed to 5000 ppm and a mean LR of <3.0 for 3 carriers exposed to 1500 ppm sodium hypochlorite. These acceptance criteria are necessary in order to use the spore suspension to evaluate the performance of antimicrobial formulations using Test Method E3218.1.1 This practice specifies the procedures for producing and storing standardized suspensions of Clostridioides difficile spores for the evaluation of the sporicidal activity of antimicrobial formulations using the Quantitative Method for Testing Antimicrobial Agents against Spores of C. difficile on Hard, Non-porous Surfaces or other procedures.1.2 This practice may involve hazardous materials, chemicals, and microorganisms and should be performed only by persons with formal training in microbiology.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is an educational tool for tank owners, operators, and other users and is not intended for use in certifying compliance with the Federal technical standards for underground storage tanks.4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of the general requirements. This guide is intended for users who are generally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280. The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level of detail necessary to make the determination of whether specific equipment or services meet the detailed technical performance requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.4.3 This guide does not cover state and local requirements, that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners and operators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, in some circumstances, local requirements. It is recommended that owners and operators familiarize themselves with these requirements as well.4.4 Owners or operators may use the sample checklist in Appendix X1 to assist them in determining operational conformance or they may develop their own checklist based upon this guide.4.5 This guide and accompanying appendixes are not intended to be used by state or local UST program authorities as a regulatory or administrative requirement for owners or operators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners and operators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for the purposes described in 4.1.1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank systems for operational conformance with the Federal technical standards (including the financial responsibility requirements) for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code of Federal Register (CFR) Part 280.1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferred from the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part 280, it is not covered by this guide.1.4 Local regulations may be more stringent than federal regulation and the reader should refer to the implementing agency to determine compliance.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Assumptions: 5.1.1 Well discharges at a constant rate, Q.5.1.2 Well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer, that is, the well is open to the full thickness of the aquifer.5.1.3 The nonleaky aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive. A nonleaky aquifer receives insignificant contribution of water from confining beds.5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 1.5.2.3 Application of Theis Nonequilibrium Method to Unconfined Aquifers: 5.2.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to confined conditions, the Theis solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer and the effects of delayed gravity yield are small.5.2.3.2 Reduction in Aquifer Thickness—In an unconfined aquifer, dewatering occurs when the water levels decline in the vicinity of a pumping well. Corrections in drawdown need to be made when the drawdown is a significant fraction of the aquifer thickness as shown by Jacob (8). The drawdown, s, needs to be replaced by s′, the drawdown that would occur in an equivalent confined aquifer, where:5.2.3.3 Gravity Yield Effects—In unconfined aquifers, delayed gravity yield effects may invalidate measurements of drawdown during the early part of the test for application to the Theis method. Effects of delayed gravity yield are negligible in partially penetrating observation wells at a distance, r, from the control well, where:after the time, t, as given in the following equation from Neuman (9):where:Sy   =   the specific yield.For fully penetrating observation wells, the effects of delayed yield are negligible at the distance, r, in Eq 11 after one tenth of the time given in the Eq 12.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.NOTE 3: The injection of water into an aquifer may be regulated or require regulatory approvals. Withdrawal of contaminated waters may require that the removed water be properly treated prior to discharge.1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky confined aquifer under conditions of radial flow to a fully penetrating well of constant flux. This practice is a shortcut procedure used to apply the Theis nonequilibrium method. The Theis method is described in Practice D4106.1.2 This practice, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050.1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this practice are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this practice (see 5.1). Furthermore, application is valid only for values of u less than 0.01 (u is defined in Eq 2, in 8.6).1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI Units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity of a dynamic mechanical analyzer at an isothermal temperature within the range of –100 °C to 300 °C.5.2 Dynamic mechanical analysis experiments often use temperature ramps. This method does not address the effect of that change in temperature on the storage modulus.5.3 A calibration factor may be required to obtain corrected storage modulus values.5.4 This method may be used in research and development, specification acceptance, and quality control or assurance.1.1 This test method describes the calibration or performance confirmation for the storage modulus scale of a commercial or custom built dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) over the temperature range of –100 °C to 300 °C using reference materials in the range of 1 GPa to 200 GPa.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Assumptions:  5.1.1 Well discharges at a constant rate, Q. 5.1.2 Well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer. 5.1.3 The nonleaky aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and aerially extensive. A nonleaky aquifer receives insignificant contribution of water from confining beds. 5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer. 5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 1. 5.2.3 Application of Theis Method to Unconfined Aquifers:  5.2.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions, the Theis solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer, and the effects of delayed gravity yield are small. 5.2.3.2 Reduction in Aquifer Thickness—In an unconfined aquifer dewatering occurs when the water levels decline in the vicinity of a pumping well. Corrections in drawdown need to be made when the drawdown is a significant fraction of the aquifer thickness as shown by Jacob (5). The drawdown, s, needs to be replaced by s′, the drawdown that would occur in an equivalent confined aquifer, where: 5.2.3.3 Gravity Yield Effects—In unconfined aquifers, delayed gravity yield effects may invalidate measurements of drawdown during the early part of the test for application to the Theis method. Effects of delayed gravity yield are negligible in partially penetrating observation wells at and beyond a distance, r, from the control well, where: After the time, t, as given in Eq 9 from Neuman (6). where: Sy   =   the specific yield. For fully penetrating observation wells, the effects of delayed yield are negligible at the distance, r, in Eq 8 after one tenth of the time given in the Eq 9. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on water-level response collected during radial flow to or from a well of constant discharge or injection. 1.2 This analytical procedure, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050. 1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this practice for determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this practice (see 5.1). 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design. 1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Inspection, repair, and construction of ASTs in petroleum service should follow at a minimum the requirements of API 650 and API 653. These standards describe methods for testing the weld quality and structural and hydraulic integrity of new or repaired ASTs. With increasing emphasis on protecting the environment and with environmental issues related to the storing of petroleum materials in ASTs, owners and operators of such tanks may want or need a guide devoted to existing and enhanced methods for evaluating the hydraulic integrity of new or repaired tank bottoms.5.2 The consequences of a tank bottom failure include the economic loss of product, cost of repair or replacing the tank bottom, and exposure to the cost of environmental remediation and potential damage or harm to adjacent lands that may give rise to adverse public relations or regulatory action. In addition, releases of petroleum products introduce potential fire or explosive conditions.5.3 Owners and operators of ASTs or their agents can use this guide to help choose methods of evaluating the hydraulic integrity of their repaired or new tank bottoms. Selection of the methods should be based on regulatory and economic criteria that include operational and cost/benefit considerations.5.4 This guide is intended for use by an individual experienced in repair and construction of ASTs in petroleum service.5.5 This guide is intended for use when repairing or building ASTs. This guide does not address suitability for use or imply useful life of an AST bottom.5.6 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to standards provided for hydraulic integrity in API 650 and API 653.5.7 Procedures or methods included here may be supported by a previously completed and documented performance evaluation(s) that may lend itself as valuable results validation.1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a knowledge of construction examination procedures and current technologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, relevant information on the hydraulic integrity of a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to service. This guide does not pertain to horizontal ASTs, manufacture of tanks using UL 142, or to tanks constructed of concrete or other non-ferrous materials.1.2 The adoption of the methods and technologies presented in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options that may be selected to identify the likelihood of product leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any technology in a preferential manner.1.4 The person responsible for applying this guide should be a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design, inspection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveground storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should also be certified under the requirements of API 653 when use is related to tank bottom repair.1.5 Refer to API RP 575 for useful information and recommended practices for maintenance and inspection of atmospheric and low pressure stirage tanks.1.6 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of Practice E621. English measure equivalents are in parentheses.1.7 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank configuration and service conditions should be established prior to use.1.8 This guide complies with ASTM policy for development and subsequent use of a standard.1.9 This guide is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.1.10 This guide is not intended for use as a model code, ordinance or regulation.1.11 This guide does not cover every tank bottom inspection procedure that may be properly applied.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers self-supporting, molded polyethylene, tight head drums for use in surface and air shipments. Drums shall be manufactured from virgin or recycled polyethylene plastics, and with handles and openings the number of which depends on the capacity of the drum. Safety seals and torque wrenches may also be provided as necessary. The drum shall be uniform in color and free of lumps, blisters, or flash, with the drum interior clean and free of foreign matter. Drop, leak proofness, hydrostatic pressure, stacking, handling, and capacity tests shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified. The drum shall also be examined to assess its conformance with the specified dimensions and capacity.1.1 This specification covers self supporting, molded polyethylene, tight head drums designed for surface and air shipment, ranging in size from 5 gal (19 L) to and including 55 gal (208 L).1.2 Virgin or recycled polyethylene plastics2 or combinations thereof can be used provided the finished product meets the requirements of this specification.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOTE 2: This standard is intended to replace MIL-D-43703C.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This guide provides information that could be used to:5.1.1 Establish a hazardous material instrument program;5.1.2 Help ensure that consistently reliable instruments are available for the detection of hazardous materials; and5.1.3 Provide the safety professional with the means to evaluate the risk and facilitate the mitigation of the threat from hazardous materials.5.2 This guide provides information to help perform the following:5.2.1 Select detection equipment;5.2.2 Maintain the equipment in a manner that supports its immediate use when required; and5.2.3 Store equipment using proper methods and conditions between uses.5.2.4 Calibrate equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and regulatory requirements:5.2.4.1 At appropriate intervals;5.2.4.2 Using appropriate standards; and5.2.4.3 While maintaining proper documentation of calibration and repair.5.2.5 Use and verify equipment performance:5.2.5.1 As recommended by the manufacturer for its intended application;5.2.5.2 By performing functional checks; and5.2.5.3 By knowing any limitations of use.5.3 This guide also provides information regarding the types of materials to be included in training programs for the use and maintenance of the equipment.1.1 This guide provides techniques that can be used to ensure the proper operation and use of Hazardous Material detection equipment. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances.1.2 This guide is not intended to represent or replace any accreditation or certification documents by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged.1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 When using HAZMAT equipment follow the manufacturer’s guidance and appropriate safety practices for the expected or suspected threat.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The accuracy of many analytical measurements is dependent upon the manner in which the standard solutions are prepared and stored, and the accuracy with which they are standardized. Combining the methods recommended for the preparation and handling of such solutions into one practice eliminates the necessity for covering such details in all of the methods wherein the solutions are used.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the preparation, standardization, and storage of the standard volumetric solutions and reagent testing solutions commonly used in chemical analysis.1.2 The information in this practice is arranged as follows:  SectionsReferenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4Apparatus 5Temperature effects 6Measurements 7Reagents 8Concentration of solutions 9Mixing of solutions 10Storage of solutions 11Preparation and standardization of solutions 12Precision and Bias 13Sodium hydroxide solution, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N) 14 to 19Hydrochloric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N) 20 to 28Sulfuric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N) 29 to 33Hydrochloric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N) 34 to 38Sulfuric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N) 39 to 43Silver nitrate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 44 to 48Ammonium thiocyanate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 49 to 53Iodine solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 54 to 58Sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 59 to 63Potassium permanganate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 64 to 68Potassium dichromate solution, 0.1 meq/mL(N) 69 to 73Methanolic sodium hydroxide solution, 0.5 meq/mL (N) 74 to 79Ceric sulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 80 to 84Acetous perchloric acid, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 85 to 89Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution, 0.05 mol/L(M) 90 to 94Standard ion solutions 95Nonstandardized reagent solutions and indicator solutions 961.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given throughout this practice. Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers’ Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车