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2.1 This practice is intended for use by any technical investigator when investigating an incident that can be reasonably expected to be the subject of litigation. The intent is to obtain sufficient information and physical items to identify evidence associated with the incident and to preserve it for analysis.2.2 The quality of evidence may change with time, therefore, special effort should be taken to capture and preserve evidence in an expeditious manner. This practice sets forth guidelines for the collection and preservation of evidence for further analysis.2.3 Evidence that has been collected and preserved is identified with, and traceable to, the incident. This practice sets forth guidelines for such procedures.1.1 This practice covers guidelines for the collection and preservation of information and physical items by any technical investigator pertaining to an incident that can be reasonably expected to be the subject of litigation.1.2 This practice describes generally accepted professional principles and operations, although the facts and issues of each situation require consideration, and frequently involve matters not expressly dealt with herein. Deviations from this practice should be based on specific articulable circumstances.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The Ship Safety Record is an electronic database of information pertaining to a specific vessel including information related to the safe operation of the vessel and the safety of it’s crew and the environment. The data is grouped and organized under the following key categories: vessel particulars, vessel status, crew requirements, crew status, voyage specific data, record of inspection, record of incidents, and corrective actions.4.2 The Ship Safety Record is created and maintained in each instance for the primary benefit of the owner, technical manager, or operator who is required through the implementation of the ISM Code to be cognizant of such information. The information in the database is at all times the property of the owner who will maintain and control the dissemination of any and all of the information. It is expected that operators will elect to make portions of their Ship Safety Record database available to other interested parties such as flag states, class societies, and port states.14 The Ship Safety Record should provide for the implementation of several levels of electronic database security as may be required by the vessel owner or operator. The data that becomes part of the Ship Safety Record can be thought of in a number of subsets:4.2.1 Data that is not subject to change, including particulars of the vessel, and so forth.4.2.2 Data that is subject to change but not normally by the ship’s crew.4.2.3 Data that will be updated periodically either manually or as a result of updates to other computer systems or applications. This would include, as an example, cargo information, ballast conditions, the names/identification of crew members, and passenger details. This would also include information relative to internal inspections, maintenance records, internal audits, safety audits, and so forth.4.3 Guides F1756 and F1757 may be used as the basis for implementation of a shipboard electronic database and ship safety record.AbstractThis guide provides a uniform format and definition of general vessel-related technical information, including ship safety data, to be used by ship owners and operators, at their option and to the extent that they consider beneficial to their operation. It is recognized that all of the data is already contained in various documents on the vessel, but normally not electronically and normally not in one location. The ship safety record is designed to provide an industry-accepted common method of identifying, maintaining, and subsequently communicating the safety-related information needed for maritime operations. The ship safety record is an electronic database of information pertaining to a specific vessel including information related to the safe operation of the vessel and the safety of its crew and the environment. The vessel particulars, vessel status, crew requirements, status of crew and persons other than passengers on board, voyage specific data, record of inspection, record of incidents and corrective actions are presented in details.1.1 This guide provides a uniform format and definition of general vessel-related technical information, including ship safety data, to be used by ship owners and operators, at their option and to the extent that they consider beneficial to their operation. It is recognized that all of the data is already contained in various documents on the vessel, but normally not electronically and normally not in one location. The Ship Safety Record is designed to provide an industry-accepted common method of identifying, maintaining, and subsequently communicating the safety-related information needed for maritime operations. It is recognized that many of the data fields are not applicable for every vessel. Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 provide examples of how data elements in this guide may be used for a specific purpose, that is, the USCG’s Automated Identification System (AIS) and the Advance Notice of Arrival.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The general end-use quality of manufactured rubber products depends on the physical and chemical properties of the rubber.AbstractThis specification covers the minimum physical and chemical requirements for five technical grades of raw natural rubber. Materials are classified into grades according to retained dirt content, ash content, volatile matter content, nitrogen content, initial plasticity, plasticity retention index, color index, and Mooney viscosity. Skim rubber is not permitted in any grade.1.1 This specification covers minimum physical and chemical quality requirements or specifications for five grades of raw natural rubber.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene. Technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Specific gravity, distillation range, acidity, alkalinity, water, appearance, color, halide content, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene.NOTE 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers muriatic acid, also known as technical grade hydrochloric acid. This specification includes requirements for muriatic acid available commercially in 20° Baumé and 22° Baumé concentration grades. Muriatic acid shall conform to the following chemical and physical requirements: total acidity of hydrochloric acid; iron content; and Baume gravity. To determine the requirements, a test shall be performed in accordance to the test method.1.1 This specification covers muriatic acid, also known as technical grade hydrochloric acid.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this specification: for purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 This specification includes requirements for muriatic acid available commercially in 20° Baumé and 22° Baumé concentration grades.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions. Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers’ Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers technical grade methylene chloride. Technical grade methylene chloride shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Tests shall be performed to determine the property requirements of the material in accordance to the following test methods: appearance; color; specific gravity; distillating range; nonvolatile residue; acidity; water; and free halogens.1.1 This specification covers technical grade methylene chloride.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: See Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and STP 403A2 for additional important information on solvent handling and solvent properties.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Many of the low-silica technical glasses which contain soluble or reactive oxides require processing or involve applications that require cleaning. Very often these cleaning procedures have evolved over several decades and are considered an art. They usually contain numerous steps, some of questionable validity. It is the premise of this practice that cleaning glass can be more scientific. Design of a cleaning procedure should involve (1) a definition of the soil to be removed, (2) an awareness of the constraints imposed by the glass composition, and (3) a rational selection of alternative methods that will remove the soil and leave the glass in a condition suitable for its intended application. This practice provides information to assist in step (3). General references on glass cleaning and on various methods of evaluating cleanliness and associated information has been published.21.1 This practice covers information that will permit design of a rational cleaning procedure that can be used with a glass that is somewhat soluble in many aqueous chemical solutions. Typically, this type of glass is used in applications such as optical ware, glass-to-metal seals, low dielectric loss products, glass fibers, infrared transmitting products, and products resistant to metallic vapors.1.2 In most cases, this type of glass contains high concentrations of oxides that tend to react with a number of aqueous chemicals. Such oxides include B2O3, Al2O3, R2O, RO, La2O3, ZnO, PbO, P2O5, and Fe2O3. The more conventional high-silica glasses are usually more chemically resistant, but the cleaning principles outlined here also apply to them.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 4 and Table 1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technicalgraden-propyl bromide. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB. Vapor-degreasing solvents based on stabilized normalpropyl bromide shall conform to the requirements of different properties such as boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, acid acceptance, and aluminum corrosion at reflux. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB with other materials for use in vapor degreasing shall be prepared from technical-grade nPB which shall conform also to requirements of different properties such as: specific gravity, boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, normal-propyl bromide content, and iso-propyl bromide content.1.1 This standard covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technical-grade n-propyl bromide.1.2 Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB.NOTE 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 It is important to know the amount of weight and its location before the ship is built to be sure that when it is built it will have positive stability. Only through detailed weight estimating in the design stage and during construction can one be ensured that positive stability will be achieved and retained.1.1 This guide provides recommended weight control technical requirements for surface ships and discusses different types of weight estimates, reports, and weight control procedures. It contains a weight classification that will assist in achieving uniformity by standardizing the weight-reporting system.1.2 This guide is applicable to ships designed and constructed in inch-pound units of measurement and to ships designed and constructed in SI units of measurement. Whenever inch-pound units are shown or referred to in the text, or in example formats included in this guide, it is to be understood that corresponding SI units may be substituted if applicable to a ship designed and constructed in SI units, provided that whichever system is used, it is consistently used in all weight control reporting documentation for the ship.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 In a situation where an organization is performing an evaluation of another, either formally or informally, the single most important element in the evaluation may well be the selection and assignment of a properly qualified assessor/assessment team to perform an on-site assessment. Therefore it is imperative that the person(s) performing the assessment be selected and assigned with care by the assessing organization. Two basic types of individuals normally participate in an on-site assessment: assessors/auditors and technical experts; each perform separate functions (see definitions).3.2 This guide focuses on providing guidance regarding the responsibilities and obligations of an assessing body in the selection, training, assignment and monitoring of assessors/auditors and technical experts to carry out their evaluation functions.NOTE 1: In some cases, others may also participate in an assessment who are beyond the control of the assessing body: for example, government regulatory personnel, or other observers specified by a client. Such participants are not covered by this guide.1.1 This guide provides guidance to organizations that need to utilize persons to perform assessments/audits (assessing bodies) of other organizations (assessed bodies) for purposes of recognition, accreditation or other type of approval to perform a function.1.2 An assessing body should consider the contents of this guide and apply it according to its unique situation. The elements of this guide should be applicable to the selection, assignment, and monitoring of assessors, auditors, and technical experts whether they are contract or permanent staff members.1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice establishes those elements of the expert’s opinion report which will make the report understandable to the intended recipient and focus on the technical aspects germane to the purpose for which the opinion is rendered.1.1 This practice covers the scope of information to be contained in formal written technical reports which express the opinions of the scientific or technical expert with respect to the study of items that are or may reasonably be expected to be the subject of criminal or civil litigation.1.2 If compliance with this practice is claimed, the justifications for any deviations from this practice must be documented.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E678-07(2013) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Scientific or Technical Data (Withdrawn 2022) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

3.1 Persons engaged in forensic investigations are responsible for identifying significant data. They then analyze and correlate the data and report conclusions and opinions. These opinions should be supported by the data, reported in a form that is understandable to a layman familiar with the incident, and capable of being evaluated by knowledgeable scientists, engineers, or investigators.3.2 This practice is intended to serve as a guideline for the scientific or technical expert in conducting an investigation, which includes analyzing and evaluating facts. In addition, this practice may assist others in understanding and evaluating the work performed. Refer to Practice E1188 for guidance pertaining to the actual collection of information and physical evidence, and Practice E1020 for guidance regarding the initial reporting of the incident.1.1 This practice establishes criteria for evaluating scientific and technical data, and other relevant considerations, which constitute acceptable bases for forming scientific or technical expert opinions.1.2 This practice recommends generally acceptable professional practice, although the facts and issues of each situation require specific consideration, and may involve matters not expressly dealt with herein. Deviations from this practice are not necessarily wrong or inferior, but should be documented and justifiable, if compliance with this standard is claimed. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride. Technical grade ethylene dichloride shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The color, ethylene dichloride content, specific gravity, acidity, and water content shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide may be used to provide a consistent method for determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.3.2 Use of this guide will help to maintain clearer, more consistent calculation and reporting of load ratios.3.3 It should be acknowledged that, while component load ratios are fairly straightforward to calculate, they are of limited value for estimating system load ratios. System load ratios are usually desired for field applications, but are more difficult to calculate accurately.1.1 This guide covers the general concept of determining safety factors for technical rescue equipment and systems.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 In the event of any conflict between the text of this guide and any references cited, the text of this guide takes preference.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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