4.1 This section provides a description of the environmental conditions listed in Section 1 and describes the sub-conditions within each condition. Examples provided for many of the conditions and sub-conditions are provided as guidance only. Each of the conditions described should be evaluated and documented as set forth in Sections 5, 6, and 7.4.2 Environmental Consistency: Static, Dynamic, Transitional: 4.2.1 Static is when the environment is similar throughout the test apparatus. For example, there are minor fluctuations in temperature throughout the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Dynamic is when the environment significantly differs within the test apparatus. For example, when the temperature changes between repetitions as shown in Fig. 3. Transitional is when the environment significantly differs in different areas within the test apparatus as shown in Fig. 4. The intent here is to not give specific guidance, but to provide a high-level classification of a particular set of environmental conditions. If environment consistency is dynamic or transitional, or both, a report form (see Section 7) for each unique set of environmental conditions should be completed.FIG. 1 Example of Static Environment using TemperatureFIG. 2 Example of Static Environment using Temperature and Showing a Transition between Two Static EnvironmentsFIG. 3 Example of Dynamic Environment using Temperature and Showing that the Environment Changed during the TestFIG. 4 Example of Transitional Environment using Temperature; Portions of the Environment May Remain Static or May Be Dynamic (for example, Cold to Colder)4.3 Lighting: 4.3.1 Various lighting conditions can potentially affect A-UGV optical sensor performance by affecting sensor and in turn, A-UGV responsiveness. Lighting sources can include ambient lighting as well as light emitters associated A-UGV operation. Two setups for lighting include direct or ambient source(s) applied to the A-UGV. Direct lighting can also include reflected light from a highly reflective surface and implies that the source is directed at the light-affected components of the A-UGV (for example, sensors). Indirect or ambient light includes lighting where the source is not directly applied to the light-affected components of the A-UGV. Light intensity is divided into five levels exemplified through dark, dim, typical indoor lighting, spotlight, and full sunlight.4.3.2 Ambient Lighting Type: 4.3.2.1 Exposed bulb (for example, fluorescent, can lights),4.3.2.2 Spotlight (for example, direct away from the A-UGV),4.3.2.3 Sunlight (for example, the A-UGV is tested in bright sunlight),4.3.2.4 Reflected (for example, bulb directed at the ceiling),4.3.2.5 Filtered (for example, diffused light through translucent glass).4.3.3 Directed Lighting Type: 4.3.3.1 Exposed bulb,4.3.3.2 Spotlight,4.3.3.3 Sunlight (for example, the A-UGV faces/navigates towards low sun position),4.3.3.4 Reflected,4.3.3.5 Filtered,4.3.3.6 Laser,4.3.3.7 Light from another vehicle.4.3.4 Lighting Source Location—Document indirect and direct light source location and elevation with respect to the A-UGV (refer to Fig. 5).FIG. 5 Lighting Direction (a) Top View and (b) Side View and (c) Elevation View with Respect to the A-UGV4.3.5 Lighting Levels: 4.3.5.1 Level 1: 0 to 1 lux (for example, dark).4.3.5.2 Level 2: 2 to 99 lux (for example, dim).4.3.5.3 Level 3: 100 to 1000 lux (for example, office environment).4.3.5.4 Level 4: 1001 to 9999 lux (for example, high intensity work light, spotlight).4.3.5.5 Level 5: 10 000 lux and above (for example, full sunlight).4.3.6 Spectrum—Identify primary color and peak wavelength.4.3.7 Polarization—Identify the polarizing source and angle with respect to a known reference (for example, world coordinates).4.3.8 If more specificity of measurement is required, the following documents and standards may be used: “Recommended Light Levels” from the National Optical Astronomy Observatory9 and ISO 15469.4.4 External Emission: 4.4.1 When emitters are outside of the A-UGV (for example, from another A-UGV, the environment) that can potentially interfere with the A-UGV sensor system. External radiation sources can affect the A-UGV performance, for example: multiple time-of-flight cameras, fork-lift pedestrian lights, 3D structured light sensors, light detection and ranging sensors (LIDAR).4.4.2 External Emitter Configuration: 4.4.2.1 Type of emitter(s).4.4.2.2 Quantity of emitter(s).4.4.3 External Emitter Source Location—Document emitter source location and elevation with respect to the A-UGV (refer to Fig. 5); add an external emitter symbol on the test method drawing in the appropriate location.4.4.4 Spectrum—Identify primary color and peak wavelength.4.5 Temperature: 4.5.1 Temperature variability and extremes can affect the A-UGV performance. Temperature ranges span from low to high extremes expressed in five levels. Temperature variations can affect onboard electronics, create condensation, cause hydraulic fluid viscosity, reduce battery life and recharge rate.4.5.2 Temperature Levels (in °C): 4.5.2.1 Level 1: below 0°C to 0°C (for example, freezer).4.5.2.2 Level 2: 0°C to 15°C (for example, perishable storage).4.5.2.3 Level 3: 16°C to 26°C (for example, office, warehouse).4.5.2.4 Level 4: 27°C to 49°C (for example, warehouse).4.5.2.5 Level 5: above 49°C (for example, foundries, forges).4.6 Humidity: 4.6.1 Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor contained in the air around the vehicle. High humidity combined with dew point temperature causes condensation that can short electronics and affect lenses and other A-UGV components. Greater than 60 % humidity causes a large increase in corrosion of metallic parts. Low humidity, on the other hand, will see a dramatic rise in static electricity and the need for adequate discharge.4.6.2 Relative Humidity Level: 4.6.2.1 Low – less than 30 %.4.6.2.2 Moderately Low – 31 to 55 %.4.6.2.3 Moderately High – 56 to 75%.4.6.2.4 High – greater than 75 %.4.6.3 Dew Point Temperature—The highest temperature at which airborne water vapor will condense to form liquid dew.4.7 Electrical Interference: 4.7.1 Some surfaces are not conductive enough to provide adequate grounding for an A-UGV. Ground vehicles have a floating electrical ground. As static builds up on the vehicle and the voltage drop from the positive lead of the battery and the chassis changes, the electronic components of the vehicle are negatively impacted. Strong magnetic fields can impact the onboard electrical components, and in particular, any data storage within the onboard computer. Many A-UGVs require wireless network connections for full functionality. Radio frequency (RF) interference can degrade these networks and A-UGV capability.4.7.2 For Electro-magnetic compatibility issues, refer to:4.7.2.1 BS EN 12895 Electromagnetic Compatibility – Emissions and Immunity.4.7.2.2 MIL-STD-462 – EMI Emissions and Susceptibility.4.7.2.3 IEC 61000-4-1 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-1: Testing and Measurement Techniques – Overview of Immunity Tests4.7.2.4 IEC 61000-6 – Emission Standards for Industrial Environments4.8 Air Flow and Quality: 4.8.1 Air flow and quality refers to the ability that an A-UGV can discern an object or light in the presence of air particulates or wind, or both. Air quality can affect the A-UGV performance in terms of object detection, navigation, and docking. Air quality depends upon the size and volumetric density of particulates in the air. For relative comparison, the average human eye cannot see particles smaller than 40 μm, fog from water vapor typically includes particle sizes from 5 μm to 50 μm, and dust particles are typically 0.1 μm to 100 μm. An ISO Class 1 cleanroom has no more than 10 particles larger than 0.1 μm in a cubic meter of air. Fog (water vapor) particle density of 1 amg allows human visibility of about 125 m at ground level.4.8.2 Air Velocity and Direction—Document air flow source location and elevation with respect to the A-UGV (refer to Fig. 5).4.8.3 Air Particle Density—Optionally, measure the air particle size and volumetric density.4.8.3.1 Clear – (for example, clean room, no visible air particulates).4.8.3.2 Moderate – (for example, visible fog, dust, light to moderate rain/snow/fog).4.8.3.3 Dense – (for example, dust storm, heavy snow/rain/fog).4.8.4 If more specificity of measurement is required, the following standards may be used:4.8.4.1 Air particle density – Clear: ISO 14644-1.4.9 Floor or Ground Surface: 4.9.1 A-UGV mobility is affected by ground surface conditions including: surface texture/roughness, deformability, sloped (ramp) or undulation (lack of flatness). Ground surface conditions can affect A-UGV: traction, vibration affecting the electronics integrity, positioning, and stability.4.9.2 Type(s): 4.9.2.1 Approximate similar to the following examples where multiple floor types may be present and indicated on the report form: for example, concrete, linoleum tile, carpet, dirt, grass, asphalt, wood plank, etc.4.9.2.2 Indicate floor anomalies within the test space: for example, floor grate, manhole cover, undetectable (by vehicle sensors) divots, transparent flooring, etc.4.9.3 Coefficient of Friction: 4.9.3.1 High (for example, brushed concrete, asphalt).4.9.3.2 Moderate (for example, polished/sealed concrete, steel plates, packed dirt).4.9.3.3 Low (for example, icy, wet, lubricated, dry sand).4.9.4 Gap/Step—Known infrastructure that could be a part of the A-UGV map (see Fig. 6).FIG. 6 Gap and Step4.9.4.1 Gap—Length, width, depth, and angle of gap with respect to a reference frame.4.9.4.2 Step—Length, width, depth, and angle of step with respect to a reference frame.4.9.4.3 For each gap/step, a description of the gap/step should also be documented. Examples: sharp gap (between loading dock and truck) vs. rounded gap (pothole, floor divot); sharp step (square channel metal) vs. rounded step (cable or cable cover, speed bump/hump).4.9.5 Deformability: 4.9.5.1 Rigid (for example, concrete, asphalt).4.9.5.2 Semi-rigid (for example, compacted dirt or gravel, wet sand, industrial carpet).4.9.5.3 Soft – malleable (for example, snow, mud, dry sand, padded carpet).4.9.6 Grade (Ramp)—Known infrastructure that could be a part of the A-UGV map.4.9.6.1 Level 1*: 0  % to 3 % (for example, nominally flat floor).4.9.6.2 Level 2*: 4 % to 7 % (for example, transitional ramp in factories).4.9.6.3 Level 3: 8 % to 10 % (for example, yard ramp = 8 % to 9 %).4.9.6.4 Level 4: 11 % to 15 % (for example, steep road grade).4.9.6.5 Level 5: 16 % and above.NOTE 1: ITSDF B56.5 defines a ramp as “a variation in floor grade in excess of 3 % and of a length where rating data variance is required.” UL 3100 Section 16.1 states “The AGV shall be capable of meeting all requirements for operation and control on an even grade and a sloped grade up to 3 % of grade.”4.9.7 Undulation (Lack of Flatness on the Apparatus Ground Surface): 4.9.7.1 Flat – 0 mm to 6 mm variation over 3 m.4.9.7.2 Moderately flat – more than 6 mm to 12 mm variation over 3 m.4.9.7.3 Non-flat – more than 12 mm to 51 mm variation over 3 m.4.9.7.4 Outdoor – more than 51 mm variation over 3 m.4.9.8 Particulates (document type and describe): 4.9.8.1 None (for example, dry, clean).4.9.8.2 Fine (for example, cardboard dust, concrete dust).4.9.8.3 Coarse (for example, sand, pebbles).4.9.9 If more specificity of measurement is required, the following standards may be used:4.9.9.1 Deformability: ASTM Test Method E1274.4.9.9.2 Undulation: ASTM Test Method E1155M.4.9.9.3 Coefficient of Friction: ANSI B101.3.4.10 Boundaries: 4.10.1 Boundaries refer to the defining apparatus, existing structure, or ground anomalies, or combinations thereof, within which the A-UGV navigates. The characteristics for boundaries include:4.10.2 Opaque walls (for example, white drywall, opaque plastic, reflective or flat black test boundaries, corrugated metal, curb from the road).4.10.3 Semi-transparent walls – (for example, clear glass, frosted glass, translucent plastic).4.10.4 Negative obstacles (for example, cliff, curb from the sidewalk, loading dock, drainage channel).4.10.5 Virtual walls (for example, A-UGV prohibited areas mapped within the vehicle controller at edges of pedestrian walkways, edges of negative obstacles, restricted areas).4.10.6 Porous walls (for example, wire mesh fencing, chain-link fencing).4.10.7 Elevated dividers (for example, racking, post and beam fencing, retractable-belt dividers).4.10.8 Building infrastructure (for example, machinery, equipment, A-UGV chargers).4.10.9 Floor markings (for example, tape, paint).4.10.10 Mixture of the above boundaries (for example, railing and kickplate in front of a negative drop-off at edge of a platform, post and beam fencing with wire mesh covering).4.10.11 Moving boundaries (for example, moving sliding or hinged doors, moving curtains); the environment should be labeled as static unless the boundary moves during a test, in which case the environment should be labeled as dynamic, for example, an A-UGV drives past a soft partition that moves or an A-UGV drives through a soft partition that causes it to move.4.10.12 If more specificity of measurement is required, the following standards and references may be used:4.10.12.1 Floor Markings:(1) Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) Occupational Health and Safety OH-2, Pedestrian and Vehicle Safety Guideline (includes description and marking depictions).(2) ANSI/ITSDF B56.5 (section 8.11.2 describes Hazardous Zones).(3) “Implementation of 5S Quality Tool in Manufacturing Company: A Case Study.”101.1 When conducting test methods, it is important to consider the role that the environmental conditions play in the Automatic through Autonomous – Unmanned Ground Vehicle (A-UGV) performance. Various A-UGVs are designed to be operated both indoors and outdoors under conditions specified by the manufacturer. Likewise, end users of the A-UGV will be operating these vehicles in a variety of environmental conditions. When conducting and replicating F45 test methods by vehicle manufacturers and users, it is important to specify and document the environmental conditions under which the A-UGV is to be tested as there will be variations in vehicle performance caused by the conditions, especially when comparing and replicating sets of test results. It is also important to consider changes in environmental conditions during the course of operations (for example, transitions between conditions). As such, environmental conditions specified in this practice are static, dynamic, or transitional, or combinations thereof; with the A-UGV stationary or in motion. This practice provides brief introduction to the following list of environmental conditions that can affect performance of the A-UGV: Lighting, External sensor emission, Temperature, Humidity, Electrical Interference, Air quality, Ground Surface, and Boundaries. This practice then breaks down each condition into sub-categories so that the user can document the various aspects associated with the category prior to A-UGV tests defined in ASTM F45 Test Methods (for example, F3244). It is recommended that salient environment conditions be documented when conducting F45 test methods.1.2 The environmental conditions listed in 1.1 to be documented for A-UGV(s) being tested are described and parameterized in Section 4 and allow a basis for performance comparison in test methods. The approach is to divide the list of environmental conditions into sub-conditions that represent the various aspects of the major category (for example, sunlight within ambient lighting). Where necessary, this practice also provides guidelines (for example, lighting direction) to document environmental conditions in an existing environment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are not precise mathematical conversion to imperial units. They are close approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying material dimensions or quantities that are readily available to avoid excessive fabrication costs of test apparatuses while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results. These values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A compositional analysis of the ash in coal is often useful in the total description of the quality of the coal. Knowledge of ash composition is also useful in predicting the behavior of ashes and slags in combustion chambers. Utilization of the ash by-products of coal combustion sometimes depends on the chemical composition of the ash.5.2 Note that the chemical composition of laboratory-prepared coal ash may not exactly represent the composition of mineral matter in the coal or the composition of fly ash and slag resulting from commercial-scale burning of the coal.1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in combustion residues from coal utilization processes.1.2 Use Test Method D5016 for determination of sulfur.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is for use by installers who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a mobile, automated CIPP impregnation system to manufacture resin impregnated tube installed through an existing conduit. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the impregnation of 2 in. to 48 in. (50 mm to 1200 mm) diameter cured-in-place pipe utilizing mobile, automated systems. Temporary impregnation facilities set up at the jobsite (“over-the-hole” wet outs) are not covered under this standard. Once resin saturation is complete, the wet out liner is then used to rehabilitate existing gravity flow or pressure pipelines, process piping, electrical conduits or ventilation systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide covers the qualification, selection, training, utilization, and supervision of personnel assigned duties at security check-points equipped with metal detection, X-ray inspection, and explosives detection equipment or systems operated to prevent the introduction of weapons, explosives, or other prohibited articles into secure or restricted areas, or to prevent the egress of valuable or sensitive materials from controlled facilities.1.2 This guide provides criteria and methods relating to the qualification, selection, training, utilization, and supervision of personnel employed to perform screening functions at such security check-points.1.3 This guide also addresses a broad range of considerations relating to specific screening functions, screener and supervisory utilization, security equipment, check-point environment, human factors, law enforcement support, record keeping, and testing and evaluation related to the operation of such security check-points.

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5.1 Coal contains several elements whose individual mass fractions are generally less than 0.01 %. These elements are commonly and collectively referred to as trace elements. These elements primarily occur as part of the mineral matter in coal. The potential release of certain trace elements from coal combustion sources has become an environmental concern.5.2 The ash prepared in accordance with these provisional test methods quantitatively retains the elements listed in 1.1 and is representative of their mass fractions in the coal or coke.1.1 These test methods pertain to the determination of antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zinc in coal and coke. These test methods can also be used for the analysis of residues from coal combustion processes. Additionally, there are specific test methods outlined that pertain to the determination of rare earth elements in coal and coal combustion residues.NOTE 1: These test methods may be applicable to the determination of other trace elements.NOTE 2: Rare earth elements are understood to include: cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, scandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, and yttrium.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The API is a metric used to communicate the relative importance of assets in terms of mission criticality, security, or other measures important to the entity. It establishes a basis for evaluating prioritization of asset resources.5.2 API offers a method for ranking assets based on judgment/importance factors defined by the entity, creating information to prioritize investments, security strategies, and disposition plans.5.3 API provides a quantitative basis for determining and documenting operational relationships between an asset portfolio and entity capital investment strategies, maintenance approaches, security design and analyses, continuity of business/risk analyses, and disposition decisions.5.4 The API enables entities to identify critical assets and allocate resources appropriately.5.5 The API model is designed to be applicable and appropriate for entities holding assets with a material impact on the entity’s mission.1.1 The asset priority index (API) establishes a quantitative process for prioritizing asset resources in acquisition, utilization, and disposition.1.2 In addition to the applicability of moveable and durable assets as defined in this practice, this methodology is similarly used in the analysis of investments in buildings and building systems (see Practice E1765).1.3 This practice offers instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is neither intended to represent nor replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM International consensus process.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides a means whereby the parties can resolve disputes over specification conformance for those product properties which can be tested and expressed numerically.4.1.1 This practice can be used to ensure that such properties are correctly stated on labels or in other descriptions of the product.4.1.2 This practice can be implemented in those cases where a supplier uses an in-house or a commercial testing laboratory to sample and test a product prior to releasing the product to a shipper (intermediate receiver) and the ultimate receiver also uses an in-house or commercial testing laboratory to sample and test the product upon arrival at the destination. The ATV would still be determined according to 8.3.4.2 This practice can be applied in the determination of tolerances from specification limits based on a mutually agreed probability between parties for making the conformance to specification decision if the true value of a property is sufficiently close to the specification limit. Such tolerances are bounded by an acceptance limit (AL). If the ATV value determined by applying this practice falls on the AL or on the acceptable side of the AL, the product property can be considered to have met the specification; otherwise it shall be considered to have failed to meet the specification.4.3 Application of this practice requires the AL be determined prior to actual commencement of testing. Therefore, the degree of criticality of the specification, as determined by the Probability of Acceptance (P value) that is required to calculate the AL, shall have been mutually agreed upon between both parties prior to execution of actual product testing.4.3.1 This agreement should include a decision as to whether the ATV is to be determined by the absolute or rounding-off method of Practice E29, as therein defined.4.3.1.1 If the rounding-off method is to be used, the number of significant digits to be retained must also be agreed upon.4.3.1.2 These decisions must also be made in the case where only one party is involved, as in the case of a label.4.3.1.3 In the absence of such an agreement, this practice recommends the ATV be rounded in accordance with the rounding-off method in Practice E29 to the number of significant digits that are specified in the governing specification.4.4 This practice is designed to be suitable for reference in contracts governing the transfer of petroleum products and lubricants from a supplier to a receiver.4.5 As a prerequisite for acceptance for lab test results to be used in this practice, the following conditions shall be satisfied:4.5.1 Site precision (R′) as defined in Practice D6299 for the appropriate test method(s) from each lab, as substantiated by control charts meeting the requirement of D6299 from in-house quality control programs, for property typical of the product in dispute, should have a TPI > 1.2 for methods with Precision Ratio <4 and TPI > 2.4 for methods with Precision Ratio ≥4 (see Practice D6792 for TPI explanation).4.5.2 Each lab shall be able to demonstrate, by way of results from interlaboratory exchange programs, a lack of a systemic bias relative to exchange averages for the appropriate test method(s) as per methodology outlined in Guide D7372.4.5.3 In the event that the site precision of laboratories from two parties are statistically different as confirmed by the F-test (see Annex A4), then, for the purpose of establishing the ATV, each laboratory's test result shall be inversely weighted in accordance with laboratory's demonstrated variance.4.6 It is recommended that this practice be conducted under the guidance of a qualified statistician.1.1 This practice covers guidelines and statistical methodologies with which two parties (see Note 1) can compare and combine independently obtained test results to obtain an Assigned Test Value (ATV) for the purpose of resolving a dispute over product property conformance with specification.NOTE 1: Application of this practice is usually, but not limited to, between supplier and receiver of a product.1.2 This practice defines a technique for establishing an Acceptance Limit (AL) and Assigned Test Value (ATV) to resolve the dispute over a property conformance with specification by comparing the ATV to the AL.1.3 This practice applies only to those test methods which specifically state that the repeatability and reproducibility values conform to the definitions herein.1.4 The statistical principles and methodology outlined in this practice can also be used to obtain an ATV for specification conformance decision when multiple results are obtained for the same batch of product within a single laboratory. For this application, site precision (R') as defined in Practice D6299 shall be used in lieu of test method published reproducibility (R).1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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