5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used for design and quality control purposes and to determine dimensional changes of parts and components (such as carbon anodes, cathodes, and so forth) when subjected to varying temperatures.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE) for carbon anodes and cathodes used in the aluminum industry, in baked form, by use of a vitreous silica dilatometer.1.2 The applicable temperature range for this test method for research purposes is ambient to 1000 °C. The recommended maximum use temperature for product evaluation is 500 °C.1.3 This test method and procedure is based on Test Method E228, which is a generic all-encompassing method. Specifics dictated by the nature of electrode carbons and the purposes for which they are used are addressed by this procedure.1.4 Electrode carbons in the baked form will only exhibit primarily reversible dimensional changes when heated.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimum safety performance requirements, test methods, and requirements for labeling and instructional material to minimize hazards to young children resulting from the normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse and abuse of expansion gates and expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandable enclosures, or by any other name, which are in the scope of this consumer safety specification are intended for young children aged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section 3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined in Section 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confused with other types of gates or enclosures that may be specifically designed for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, or any other such use.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined in Section 3, that is, produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification either by label or other means, shall indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all the requirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclosures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to in this consumer safety specification as “gates” and “enclosures” unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 927元 加购物车

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

4.1 Since the potential for expansion, under conditions of controlled restraint, of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement cannot always be satisfactorily predicted from tests of mortars made in accordance with Test Method C806, a need has been recognized for a test method in which concrete specimens are tested.4.2 This test method can also be adapted readily to studies of expansion involving degrees of restraint, comparisons of cements, effects of cement contents, mixture proportions, schedules, or environmental treatments that differ from the standard procedures prescribed by this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of concrete made with shrinkage-compensating cement.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

5.1 Information concerning the thermal expansion characteristics of rocks is important in the design of any underground excavation where the surrounding rock may be heated. Thermal strain causes thermal stresses which ultimately affect excavation stability. Examples of applications where rock thermal strain is important include: nuclear waste repositories, underground power stations, compressed air energy storage facilities, and geothermal energy facilities.5.2 The coefficient of thermal expansion, α, of rock is known to vary as the temperature changes. These methods provide continuous thermal strain values as a function of temperature, and therefore provide information on how the coefficient of thermal expansion changes with temperature.5.3 Rocks are also often anisotropic, thus displaying different thermal strains depending on the orientation of strain measurement. These methods allow for measuring strain in one direction only. If anisotropy is expected, specimens with different orientations shall be prepared and tested.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover the laboratory measurement of the one-dimensional linear thermal expansion of rocks using a dilatometer.1.2 The methods are applicable between temperatures of 25°C to 300°C. Both bench top and confined measurement techniques are presented. Method A is used for unconfined or bench top measurements and Method B is used for confined conditions. Rocks of varying moisture content can be tested.1.3 For satisfactory results in conformance with these test methods, the principles governing the size, construction, and use of the apparatus described in these test methods shall be followed. If the results are to be reported as having been obtained by either test method, then the pertinent requirements prescribed by that test method shall be met.1.4 These test methods do not establish details of construction and procedures to cover all test situations that might offer difficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat flow, temperature measurement, and general testing practices. Standardization of these test methods does not reduce the need for such technical knowledge.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the compliance of steel slags and other materials with specifications, such as Specification D2940/D2940M, that limit permissible expansion of base and subbase aggregates containing components subject to hydration.4.2 This test method can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of aging or other treatments for reducing the expansive potential of such materials.4.3 Test results have not been correlated with field performance, and values obtained do not necessarily indicate expansion that may occur in service conditions.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential volume expansion of dense graded compacted aggregates that contain components susceptible to hydration and consequent volume increase, such as the free calcium and magnesium oxides that occur in some industrial by-products.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

5.1 Coefficients of linear expansion are required for design purposes and are used particularly to determine thermal stresses that can occur when a solid artifact composed of different materials may fail when it is subjected to a temperature excursion(s).5.2 Many new composites are being produced that have very low thermal expansion coefficients for use in applications where very precise and critical alignment of components is necessary. Push rod dilatometry such as Test Methods D696 and E228, and thermomechanical analysis methods such as Test Method E831 are not sufficiently precise for reliable measurements either on such material and systems, or on very short specimens of materials having higher coefficients.5.3 The precision of the absolute method allows for its use to:5.3.1 Measure very small changes in length;5.3.2 Develop reference materials and transfer standards for calibration of other less precise techniques;5.3.3 Measure and compare precisely the differences in coefficient of “matched” materials.5.4 The precise measurement of thermal expansion involves two parameters; change of length and change of temperature. Since precise measurements of the first parameter can be made by this test method, it is essential that great attention is also paid to the second, in order to ensure that calculated expansion coefficients are based on the required temperature difference. Thus in order to ensure the necessary uniformity in temperature of the specimen, it is essential that the uniform temperature zone of the surrounding furnace or environmental chamber shall be made significantly longer than the combined length of specimen and mirrors.5.5 This test method contains essential details of the design principles, specimen configurations, and procedures to provide precise values of thermal expansion. It is not practical in a method of this type to try to establish specific details of design, construction, and procedures to cover all contingencies that might present difficulties to a person not having the technical knowledge relating to the thermal measurements and general testing practice. Standardization of the method is not intended to restrict in any way further development of improved methodology.5.6 The test method can be used for research, development, specification acceptance and quality control and assurance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear thermal expansion of rigid solids using either a Michelson or Fizeau interferometer.1.2 For this purpose, a rigid solid is defined as a material which, at test temperature and under the stresses imposed by instrumentation, has a negligible creep, insofar as significantly affecting the precision of thermal length change measurements.1.3 It is recognized that many rigid solids require detailed preconditioning and specific thermal test schedules for correct evaluation of linear thermal expansion behavior for certain material applications. Since a general method of test cannot cover all specific requirements, details of this nature should be discussed in the particular material specifications.1.4 This test method is applicable to the approximate temperature range −150°C to 700°C. The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation and calibration materials used.1.5 The precision of measurement of this absolute method (better than ±40 nm/(m·K)) is significantly higher than that of comparative methods such as push rod dilatometry (for example, Test Methods D696 and E228) and thermomechanical analysis (for example, Test Method E831) techniques. It is applicable to materials having low and either positive or negative coefficients of expansion (below 5 μm/(m·K)) and where only very limited lengths or thickness of other higher expansion coefficient materials are available.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

This specification covers bituminous preformed expansion joint filler for use in concrete construction. This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt or tar) mastic composition, formed and encased between two layers of bituminous impregnated felt or two layers of glass-fiber felt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers and reinforcing fibers and may contain thin strips of reinforcing sheet material. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties: distortion at 52°C, brittleness, water absorption, and compression.1.1 This specification covers bituminous preformed expansion joint filler for use in concrete construction.NOTE 1: Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D1751 and D1752.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车