1.1 This specification covers insulating lifting links used for protection of workers positioning a load from accidental contact of the load lifting equipment with live electrical conductors, apparatus, and circuits.1.2 This specification includes design, material, and testing requirements for the manufacturer and in-service inspection, testing and care requirements for the user or the agent of the user.1.3 Insulating links whose primary application does not pertain to power line electrical safety are not within the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The test method provides information regarding the behavior of a non-structural A, B, or C-Class bulkhead panel system under a static load. Test data for load, moment and deformation is measured.4.2 Static load test of non-structural marine joiner panel systems provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the loading type and magnitude of the standard test. Such applications shall require additional tests.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the strength of non structural marine joiner of A, B, and C-Class bulkhead and liner systems. A, B, and C-Class bulkheads are defined and discussed in 2.1.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an aerial personnel device under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.5.2 This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial personnel device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emission sources that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial personnel device.5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in aerial personnel devices.5.5 Defective areas found in aerial personnel devices by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for non-destructive testing using acoustic emission (AE) testing for aerial personnel devices, which do not have a supplemental load handling attachment.1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted insulated aerial personnel devices:1.1.1.1 Extensible boom aerial personnel devices,1.1.1.2 Articulating boom aerial personnel devices, and1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:1.1.2.1 Material-handling aerial devices,1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform, and1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform.1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection. Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.NOTE 1: This test method is not intended to be a stand alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Transverse Load—The procedures outlined will serve to evaluate the performance of floor and roof segments for deflection, permanent set and ultimate capacity. Performance criteria based on data from these procedures can ensure structural adequacy and effective service.4.2 Concentrated Load—This concentrated load test shall be used to evaluate surface indentation of structural framing members.4.3 These procedures will serve to evaluate performance of roof and floor segments under simulated service conditions. Diaphragm shear loading of roof and floor segments shall be evaluated under Test Method E455. Impact loading shall be evaluated under Test Methods E661 or E695.1.1 This test method covers the following procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of floor and roof constructions:    Section  Test Specimens 5  Loading 6  Deformation Measurements 7  Report 8  Precision and Bias 9   Testing Floors    Transverse Load 10  Concentrated Load 11   Testing Roofs    Transverse Load 12  Concentrated Load 131.2 This test method serves to evaluate the performance of floors and roofs panels subjected to (1) Uniform loading, and (2) Concentrated static loading, which represent conditions sustained in the actual performance of the element. The standard is not intended for the evaluation of individual structural framing or supporting members (floor joist, rafters, and trusses), or both.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard is not intended to cover concrete floor slabs.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method describes simple laboratory methods that provide reproducible measurements of critical media properties, and permit direct comparisons to be made between different media materials.5.2 The density of mixed media materials will vary depending on the degree to which they are subjected to compaction and the length of time that the material is allowed to hydrate and subsequently drain. Most green roof media materials have a large capacity to absorb and retain moisture. Furthermore, moisture will drain gradually from the media following a hydration cycle. The maximum media density measured in this procedure approaches the density at the theoretical saturation point.5.3 Existing methods for measuring the capillary-moisture relationship for soils (Test Method D2325) rely on sample preparation procedures (Test Methods D698) that are not consistent with the conditions associated with the placement of green roof media materials. This procedure is intended to provide a reproducible laboratory procedure for predicting the maximum media density, moisture content, air-filled porosity, and water permeability under conditions that more closely replicate field conditions on green roofs.5.4 The value of this test method to the green roof designer is that it provides an objective measure of maximum probable media density (under drained conditions) for estimating structural loads. It also provides a method for estimating the lower limit for the water permeability of the in-place media. This latter value is important when considering drainage conditions in green roofs. Finally, the maximum media water retention has been shown to be a useful indicator of the moisture retention properties of green roof media.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the maximum media density for purposes of estimating the maximum dead load for green roof assemblies. The method also provides a measure of the moisture content, the air-filled porosity, and the water permeability measured at the maximum media density.1.2 This procedure is suitable for green roof media that contain no more than 30 % organic material as measured using the loss on ignition, as described in Test Methods E177, Test Method C. The test specimen should be a bulk oven-dried sample prepared according to Test Methods E177, Test Method A.1.3 The maximum media density and associated moisture content measured in this procedure applies to drained conditions near the saturation point.1.4 The test method is intended to emulate vertical percolation rates for water in green roofs.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The uniaxial compression test (see Test Method D7012) is used to determine compressive strength of rock specimens. However, it is a time-consuming and expensive test that requires significant specimen preparation and the results may not be available for a long time after the samples are collected. When extensive testing and/or timely information is needed for preliminary and reconnaissance information, alternative tests such as the point load test can be used to reduce the time and cost of compressive strength tests, when used in the field. Such data can be used to make timely and more informed decisions during the exploration phases and more efficient and cost effective selection of samples for more precise and expensive laboratory tests.5.2 The point load strength test is used as an index test for strength classification of rock materials. The test results should not be used for design or analytical purposes.5.3 This test method is performed to determine the point load strength index of rock specimens and, if required, the point load strength anisotropy index.5.4 Rock specimens in the form of either core (the diametral and axial tests), cut blocks (the block test), or irregular lumps (the irregular lump test) are tested by application of concentrated load through a pair of truncated, conical platens. Little or no specimen preparation is needed and can therefore be tested shortly after being obtained and any influence of moisture condition on the test data minimized. However, the results can be highly influenced by how the specimen is treated from the time it is obtained until the time it is tested. Therefore, it may be necessary to handle specimens in accordance with Practice D5079 and to document moisture conditions in some manner in the data collection.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for determining the point load strength index of rock. This is an index test and is intended to be used to classify rock strength.1.2 Specimens in the form of rock cores, blocks, or irregular lumps with a test diameter from 30 to 85 mm can be tested by this test method.1.3 This test method can be performed in either the field or laboratory. The test is typically used in the field because the testing machine is portable, little or minimal specimen preparation is required, and specimens can be tested within a short time frame of being collected.1.4 This test method applies to medium strength rock (compressive strength over 15 MPa).1.5 This test method does not cover which type of specimen should be tested or whether anisotropic factors should be considered. The specifics of the point load test program need to be developed prior to testing and possibly even before sampling. Such specifics would be dependent on the intended use of the data, as well as possible budgetary constraints and possible other factors, which are outside the scope of this test method.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design1.7 The values stated in the SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The bi-directional axial compressive load test provides separate, direct measurements of the pile side shear mobilized above an embedded jack assembly and the pile end bearing plus any side shear mobilized below the jack assembly. The maximum mobilized pile resistance equals two times the maximum load applied by the jack assembly. Test results may also provide information used to assess the distribution of side shear resistance along the pile, the amount of end bearing mobilized at the pile bottom, and the long-term load-displacement behavior.4.2 The specified maximum test load should be consistent with the engineer’s desired test outcome. For permanent (working) piles, the engineer may require that the magnitude of applied test load be limited in order to measure the pile movement at a predetermined proof load as part of a quality control or quality assurance program. Tests that attempt to fully mobilize the axial compressive resistance of the test pile may allow the engineer to improve the efficiency of the pile design by reducing the piling length, quantity, or size.4.3 The engineer and other interested parties may analyze the results of a bi-directional axial compressive load test to estimate the load versus movement behavior and the pile capacity that would be measured during axial static compressive or tensile loading applied at the pile top (see Notes 1-3). Factors that may affect the pile response to axial static loading during a static test include, but are not limited to the:(1) pile installation equipment and procedures,(2) elapsed time since initial installation,(3) pile material properties and dimensions,(4) type, density, strength, stratification, and groundwater conditions both adjacent to and beneath the pile,(5) test procedure,(6) prior load cycles.NOTE 1: To estimate the load displacement curve for the pile as if it were loaded in compression at the top (as in Test Methods D1143/D1143M), the engineer may use strain and movement compatibility to sum the pile capacity mobilized above and below the embedded jack assembly for a given pile-top movement. This “top-load” curve will be limited by the lesser of the displacement measured above or below the embedded jack assembly. To obtain adequate minimum displacement during the test, the engineer may wish to specify a maximum test load greater than the desired equivalent “top load”.NOTE 2: A bi-directional load test applies the test load within the pile, resulting in internal pile stresses and pile displacements that differ from those developed during a load test applied at the pile top. Bi-directional testing will generally not test the structural suitability of a pile to support a load as typically placed at the pile top. Structural defects near the pile top may go undetected unless separate integrity tests are performed prior to or after bi-directional testing (see Note 8). The analysis of bi-directional load test results to estimate the pile-top movement that would be measured by applying a compressive load at the top of the pile should consider strain compatibility and load-displacement behavior. ASTM D1143/D1143M provides a standard test method for the direct measurement of pile top movement during an axial static compressive load applied at the pile top.NOTE 3: The analysis of bi-directional load test results to estimate pile displacements that would be measured by applying a tensile (uplift) load at the top of the pile should consider strain and movement compatibility. Users of this standard are cautioned to interpret conservatively the tensile capacity estimated from the analysis of a compressive load. ASTM D3689/D3689M provides a standard test method for the direct measurement of axial static tensile capacity.4.4 For the purpose of fully mobilizing the axial compressive capacity, the engineer will usually locate the jack assembly at a location within pile where the capacity above the assembly equals the capacity below it. A poorly chosen assembly location may result in excessive movement above or below the jack assembly, limiting the applied load and reducing the usefulness of the test result. Determination of the assembly’s location requires suitable site characterization, consideration of construction methods, and the proper application of engineering principles and judgement (see Note 4). More complex test configurations, using multiple levels of jack assemblies, may provide a higher probability that the full resistance of the pile along its entire length may be determined. Details regarding such complex arrangements are beyond the scope of this standard.NOTE 4: The bi-directional load test may not fully mobilize the axial compressive pile resistance in all sections of the pile. Practical, economical, or code considerations may also result in bi-directional load tests that are not intended to fully mobilize the axial resistance in some or all sections of the pile. In these cases, interpretation of the bi-directional test may under-predict the total axial compressive capacity of the pile.NOTE 5: The quality of the results produced by this test method are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/ inspection/etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial displacement of a single, deep foundation element when loaded in bi-directional static axial compression using an embedded bi-directional jack assembly. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as “piles,” which function in a manner similar to driven piles, cast in place piles, or barrettes, regardless of their method of installation. The test results may not represent the long-term performance of a deep foundation.1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations under bi-directional static axial compressive load. Plans, specifications, and/or provisions prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in charge of the foundation design, referred to herein as the engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard.1.3 This standard provides the following test procedures:Procedure A Quick Test 9.2.1Procedure B Extended Test (optional) 9.2.21.4 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional” may produce different test results and may be used only when approved by the engineer. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions.1.5 The engineer may use the results obtained from the test procedures in this standard to predict the actual performance and adequacy of piles used in the constructed foundation. See Appendix X1 for comments regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of test results.1.6 A qualified engineer (specialty engineer, not to be confused with the foundation engineer as defined above) shall design and approve the load test configuration and test procedures. The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. This standard also includes illustrations and appendixes intended only for explanatory or advisory use.1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (presented in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.8 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.9.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.10 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used primarily as a field test to determine the readiness of the CLSM to accept loads prior to adding a temporary or permanent wearing surface.5.2 This test method is not meant to predict the load bearing strength of a CLSM mixture.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6023, and D6103.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method explains the determination of the ability of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) to withstand loading by repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto the in-place material.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, “K-Krete,” and other similar names.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

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4.1 Test Methods E119 and E1529, and other standard fire resistance test methods specify that throughout exposures to fire and the hose stream, a constant superimposed axial load be applied to a load-bearing test specimen to simulate a maximum load condition. These test methods specify that this superimposed load shall be as nearly as practicable the maximum allowable axial design load allowed by design under nationally recognized structural design criteria. For this practice, the nationally recognized structural design criteria is the National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction4.1.1 Alternatively, the standard fire resistance test methods shall be conducted by applying an axial load that is less than the maximum allowable axial design load as addressed by the NDS and this practice, but these tests shall be identified in the test report as being conducted under restricted load conditions.4.1.2 The superimposed axial load, as well as the superimposed axial load as a percentage of the maximum allowable axial design load for the stud and as a percentage of the maximum allowable design load for the plate, shall be calculated using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) method in the NDS and this practice shall be included in the test report.NOTE 1: The NDS should be used to ensure calculation of the superimposed load is in compliance with all applicable provisions of that document. Appendix X1 describes how to calculate the superimposed load in accordance with the NDS.4.2 This practice describes procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load to be applied in standard fire resistance tests of wood-frame wall assemblies.4.3 Statements in either the fire resistance test method standard or the nationally recognized structural design standard supersede any procedures described by this practice.1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load required to be applied to load-bearing wood-frame walls throughout standard fire-resistance and fire and hose-stream tests.1.2 The calculations determine the maximum load allowed by design for wood-frame wall assemblies under nationally recognized structural design criteria.1.3 This practice is only applicable to those wood-frame assemblies for which the nationally recognized structural design criteria are contained in the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS).21.4 The system of units to be used is that of the nationally recognized structural design criteria. For the NDS, the units are inch-pound.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The CPL test is intended as a performance test to quantify the benefits of geosynthetics in pavement structures, as recommended by AASHTO R 50-09. Performance is predominantly defined in terms of S-TBR.5.2 The CPL test is a laboratory test used to accelerate rutting in a roadway cross section using a stationary cyclic plate. While the application of load differs from actual roads, the results from similarly constructed CPL tests are useful to evaluate and compare the performance of various products or designs. The results from these tests are most relevant to roads having similar design characteristics (material strengths and thicknesses).NOTE 1: The extrapolation of cyclic plate results to designs that deviate significantly from the parameters tested may not be accurate, and performance calculations made at significantly different load cycle levels than the expected service life of an actual pavement may not provide an accurate estimate of the benefits actually realized.5.3 The number of load cycles applied by the CPL device corresponds to the number of equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs) used in the AASHTO 1993 pavement design equation.5.4 The test method is applicable to geosynthetics and soils used in typical pavement applications.5.5 This test method produces test data that can be used to compare geosynthetic products, construction methods, and cross section configurations used in design of roads.5.6 This test can be used to characterize specific behaviors of the geosynthetic under the conditions tested by including sensors to measure stresses and strains within the pavement cross section or on the geosynthetic itself. Sensors should be appropriately sized and installed to minimize their influence on the results of the test.5.7 The relationship between load cycles and deformation is a function of the composite stiffness of the constructed system and the interdependence between the individual components of the design.1.1 This standard test method outlines the procedure used to determine the performance of unpaved and paved roadway cross sections, with and without geosynthetics, that are built in a controlled manner and tested using a stationary, cyclic load applied to the surface to simulate traffic.1.2 Test section performance from these tests is normally calculated as a function of life extension, but can also be determined based on structural improvement. Life extension is related to the number of load cycles that can be accommodated by a particular configuration when compared to a similarly constructed control. Structural improvements are based on elemental or system-wide stiffness increases.1.3 The cyclic plate load (CPL) test is intended to be a performance test conducted as closely as possible to as-built unpaved and paved roadway cross sections. It has been used as a tool to compare different geosynthetics; soil types, strengths, and thicknesses; and construction procedures for a variety of pavement applications.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test is particularly suited to control and development work. Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of plastic materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the factors of time, temperature, method of loading, and fiber stress are similar to those specified in this test method. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting endurance at elevated temperatures.5.2 For many materials, it is possible there will be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Refer to Table 1 in Classification D4000, which lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which an arbitrary deformation occurs when specimens are subjected to an arbitrary set of testing conditions.1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials available in thicknesses of 3 mm (1/8 in.) or greater and which are rigid or semirigid at normal temperature.NOTE 1: Sheet stock less than 3 mm (0.125 in.) but more than 1 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness may be tested by use of a composite sample having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The laminae must be of uniform stress distribution. One type of composite specimen has been prepared by cementing the ends of the laminae together and then smoothing the edges with sandpaper. The direction of loading shall be perpendicular to the edges of the individual laminae.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard and ASTM D648 address the same subject matter and are essentially the same test. However, due to known differences in results caused by the differences in heat transfer media, the results from this standard and ASTM D648 must not be compared or considered equivalent.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 3: This standard and ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content, and results shall not be compared between the two test methods.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

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定价： 590元 加购物车