This Guide covers basic principles, methods and experience for designing of 110 kV to 1000 kV AC overhead transmission lines, and may also be used as reference for the design of lower voltage overhead transmission lines. This Guide consists of the introduction, definitions, meteorological design criteria, electrical design, structural design criteria, design of foundations, and experiment result and design experience. This Guide is a listing of the information and procedure that is required… read more during the design of AC transmission line, and provides guidance for transmission line designers in data collection and design stage. read less

定价： 89元 / 折扣价： 76 元

This document covers general recommendations for the repair of alternating current (ac) electric motors and includes guidelines for both the user and the repair facility. It is not intended to replace specific instructions contained in the manufacturer's instruction book or in any contractual agreement between a manufacturer and a purchaser of a given machine. For the purpose of this document, the term motor is used in lieu of, and shall equate to, the terms wound rotor, generator, and machine. This standard covers reconditioning, repair, and rewind of horizontal and vertical induction motors and of synchronous motors. It applies to all voltages 15 kV and less, and all ratings above 0.75 kW (1 hp). This standard applies only to the repair of motors, and in cases involving modifications to the basic design, care must be taken so as not to negatively affect the safety and reliability of the motor. Excluded from the scope of this standard are the following: Specific requirements, certification, and inspection required for explosion proof, dust-ignition proof, flameproof, and like motors having a listing issued by a Nationally Recognized Testing; Laboratory (NRTL), for example, American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL), Factory Mutual (FM), and Canadian Standards Association (CSA). For motors in this category, the user shall verify if the repair facility shall be certified by such an agency; Any specific or additional requirements for hermetic motors, hydrogen-cooled generators, submersible motors, or Class 1E nuclear service motors; Direct current (dc) motors.

定价： 104元 / 折扣价： 89 元

This standard applies to ac adjustable-speed drive (ASD) systems rated above 375 kW and above 750 V output voltage as used in petrochemical and similar applications. It covers the performance requirements for an ASD system including, but not limited to, input transformer or reactor as required, power electronics, control interfaces, cooling system, switchgear, and motor. Requirements for power quality, engineering analysis, start-up assistance, training, and spare parts are also included.… read more Certain items such as the motor, switchgear, or transformer may be excluded from the scope of vendor supply if specified in the data sheets; the system vendor shall specify any special requirements for the excluded equipment. read less

定价： 136元 / 折扣价： 116 元

Since rotating electrical machines convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, or electrical energy to mechanical energy, base values for each kind of energy appear desirable in formulating a per-unit system. However, the relationship between these energies involves power factor and efficiency, which are not fundamental quantities and which vary considerably between different designs. Traditionally, designers of generators considered rated apparent output power as base power, and designers… read more of synchronous motors considered rated apparent input power as base power. Designers of synchronous motors used rated apparent input power as the base even though it was necessary to estimate efficiency. This permitted the use of the same design equations for both synchronous generators and synchronous motors. Designers of induction motors generally have used rated output power as base apparent power, eliminating assumptions of power factor and efficiency. This was particularly desirable when working with small machines or machines with many poles, where accurate estimates of power factor and efficiency were difficult to make. However, some induction machines are used as induction generators, so that the definitions of input power and output power depend on the mode of operation. read less

定价： 53元 / 折扣价： 46 元

This loading guide applies to ac high-voltage air switches in excess of 1000 V rated in accordance with IEEE Std C37.30-1992.1 This standard does not apply to switches used in enclosures covered by IEEE Std C37.20.2-1993, IEEE Std C37.20.3-1996, IEEE Std C37.23-1987, IEEE Std C37.71-1984, and ANSI C37.72-1987. Moreover, interrupter switches covered by IEEE. PC37.39 are excluded from the scope of this standard. If an air switch is equipped with a load-break device or interrupter, it may not… read more successfully interrupt currents above the nameplate rating. read less

定价： 141元 / 折扣价： 120 元

This standard applies to metal-oxide surge arresters (MOSAs) designed to repeatedly limit the voltage surges on 48 Hz to 62 Hz power circuits (>1000 V) by passing surge discharge current and automatically limiting the flow of system power current. This standard applies to devices for separate mounting and to devices supplied integrally with other equipment.

定价： 122元 / 折扣价： 104 元

This standard provides background information on supply voltage fluctuations caused by variations in power demands of installations. This standard presents the manifestation of these supply voltage fluctuations as lamp flicker. The standard presents a flicker measurement method using a meter that is described in IEC 61000-4-15.6 This standard defines the short-term (Pst) and long-term (Plt) indices used for the quantification of lamp flicker. For different system voltages, this standard defines planning levels for flicker that the utilities need their system to be limited to in order to reduce customer complaints. This standard defines the procedure for determining emission limits for individual installations at the point of common coupling (PCC) so that the planning levels can be achieved in practice. Then, an assessment procedure for evaluating flicker compliance against emission limits is described. This standard also presents methodologies to analyze background flicker to identify the flicker contribution of individual sources. This standard also addresses rapid voltage changes (RVCs) that are caused by various system events, such as switching of capacitor banks, energization of power transformers, and starting of induction motors. The document provides methods to estimate flicker or RVCs at the PCC for various types of fluctuating installations. The document includes example terms and language that can be the basis for defining relative responsibilities and assessment methods for installations that may cause flicker and RVCs.

定价： 98元 / 折扣价： 84 元

This recommended practice applies to transmission system at 1000 kV ac and above. It defines standard insulation levels and specifies procedures for selecting insulation levels of ac transmission lines and substations. It also specifies reliability criteria under switching and lightning overvoltages. Suggestions on insulation coordination design are described. Overvoltage mitigation measures are recommended according to the characteristics of such ac systems. Some examples of insulation… read more coordination are also presented. read less

定价： 110元 / 折扣价： 94 元

定价： 55元 / 折扣价： 47 元

This guide identifies the mechanisms and analytical approach for ac interference effects on conductive linear facilities due to the operation of co-located electric transmission lines. The common mechanisms for ac interference, including magnetic inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, and conductive voltage transfer through soil are discussed. Included are general guidelines and considerations for performing detailed ac interference analyses, with sections specific to the analysis of co-… read more located pipeline and railroad facilities. This guide does not dictate specific compliance limits, direct when an ac interference analysis must be performed, or cover other issues that may need to be considered in joint-use corridors, such as effects due to lightning striking the line or dc corrosion on structures. read less

定价： 73元 / 折扣价： 63 元

This guide describes a procedure that may be used to evaluate and compare insulation systems used, or proposed for use, in large ac electric machines. The tests outlined herein are applicable to the groundwall insulation systems applied to form-wound, pre-insulated armature (stator) winding coils and/or bars of generators, motors, and synchronous condensers rated 2300 V or higher. The basic component of these insulation systems is usually mica combined with reinforcing, bonding, and… read more impregnating materials. This guide is based on the experience of the industry with mica-based systems; any evaluation of other insulation systems should, however, consider the requirements of this guide. This document is not intended for use as a manufacturer's quality assurance test plan. Nor should it be used for specifying or procuring armature winding coils/bars. read less

定价： 141元 / 折扣价： 120 元

Electric power systems in industrial plants and commercial and institutional buildings are designed to serve loads in a safe and reliable manner. One of the major considerations in the design of a power system is adequate control of short circuits or faults as they are commonly called. Uncontrolled short-circuits can cause service outage with accompanying production downtime and associated inconvenience, interruption of essential facilities or vital services, extensive equipment damage,… read more personnel injury or fatality, and possible fire damage. Short-circuits are caused by faults in the insulation of a circuit, and in many cases an arc ensues at the point of the fault. Such an arc may be destructive and may constitute a fire hazard. Prolonged duration of arcs, in addition to the heat released, may result in transient overvoltages that may endanger the insulation of equipment in other parts of the system. Clearly, the fault must be quickly removed from the power system, and this is the job of the circuit protective devices—the circuit breakers and fusible switches. A short-circuit current generates heat that is proportional to the square of the current magnitude, I2R. The large amount of heat generated by a short-circuit current may damage the insulation of rotating machinery and apparatus that is connected into the faulted system, including cables, transformers, switches, and circuit breakers. The most immediate danger involved in the heat generated by short-circuit currents is permanent destruction of insulation. This may be followed by actual fusion of the conducting circuit, with resultant additional arcing faults. The heat that is generated by high short-circuit currents tends not only to impair insulating materials to the point of permanent destruction, but also exerts harmful effects upon the contact members in interrupting devices. The small area common between two contact members that are in engagement depends mainly upon the hardness of the contact material and upon the amount of pressure by which they are kept in engagement. Owing to the concentration of the flow of current at the points of contact engagement, the temperatures of these points reached at the times of peak current are very high. As a result of these high spot temperatures, the material of which the contact members are made may soften. If, however, the contact material is caused to melt by excessive I2R losses, there is an imminent danger of welding the contacts together rendering it impossible to separate the contact members when the switch or circuit breaker is called upon to open the circuit. Since it requires very little time to establish thermal equilibrium at the small points of contact engagement, the temperature at these points depends more upon the peak current than upon the rms current. If the peak current is sufficient to cause the contact material to melt, resolidification may occur immediately upon decrease of the current from its peak value. Other important effects of short-circuit currents are the strong electromagnetic forces of attraction and repulsion to which the conductors are subjected when short-circuit currents are present. These forces are proportional to the square of the current and may subject any rotating machinery, transmission, and switching equipment to severe mechanical stresses and strains. The strong electromagnetic forces that high short-circuit currents exert upon equipment can cause deformation in rotational machines, transformer windings, and equipment bus bars, which may fail at a future time. read less

定价： 178元 / 折扣价： 152 元

This standard establishes uniform procedures for the measurement of power frequency electric and magnetic fields from alternating current (ac) overhead power lines and for the calibration of the meters used in these measurements. A uniform procedure is a prerequisite to comparisons of electric and magnetic fields of various ac overhead power lines. These procedures apply to the measurement of electric and magnetic fields close to ground level. They can also be tentatively applied to electric… read more field measurements near an energized conductor or structure with the limitations outlined in 3.5. read less

定价： 68元 / 折扣价： 58 元

Develop a Guide to be used when conducting capacitive current switching. This will cover requirements, test circuits, test parameters, test procedures, etc. when using synthetic circuits.

定价： 123元 / 折扣价： 105 元

This standard provides common requirements for testing of ac capacitive current switching devices over 1000 V.

定价： 66元 / 折扣价： 57 元