The data obtained by this test method are useful for establishing pressure, or hoop stress where applicable, versus failure-time relationships, under independently controlled internal and external environments that simulate actual anticipated product end-use conditions, from which the design basis (DB) for piping products or materials, or both, can be determined. (Refer to Test Method D2837 and Practice D2992, and Appendix X1 of this test method.)Note 3—Reference to design basis (DB) in this test method refers to the hydrostatic design basis (HDB) for material in straight hollow cylindrical shapes where hoop stress can be easily calculated, or is based on applied pressure design basis (PDB) for complex-shaped products or systems where complex stress fields seriously prohibit the use of hoop stress.In order to characterize plastics as piping products, it is necessary to establish the stress-to-rupture-time, or pressure-to-rupture-time relationships over two or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) within controlled environmental parameters. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data. Therefore, the confidence limits should be established.Results obtained at one set of environmental conditions should not be used for other conditions, except that higher temperature data can be used for a design basis assignment for lower application temperatures, provided that it can be demonstrated that the application conditions present a less stringent environment. The design basis should be determined for each specific plastic material and each different set of environmental constraints. Design and processing can significantly affect the long-term performance of piping products, and therefore should be taken into consideration during any evaluation (see Appendix X2).Specimens used must be representative of the piping product or material under evaluation (see Appendix X2).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of plastic piping products under constant internal pressure and flow.1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe, components, and systems under any reasonable combination of internal and external temperatures and environments, under the procedures described.1.3 This test method can be used to characterize the tested plastic materials or products, or both, on the basis of pressure-, or stress-rupture data developed under the conditions prescribed.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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The performance of an admixture for shotcrete in the field varies with the composition of the hydraulic cement and sand combination. Since this test method involves the determination of time of setting of a particular combination of hydraulic cement, sand and an admixture, it therefore provides information on the suitability for use of that particular combination in the field.The time of setting of the combination established in the laboratory does not necessarily indicate the time of setting this combination will produce in actual shotcreting in the field.This method is used to determine the effect on time of setting of mortars containing admixtures as compared to a control mortar.The test method is used for comparison in laboratory pre–evaluation studies to demonstrate the effect of shotcrete admixtures in mortar compared with plain mortar and can be used to demonstrate or compare the performance of shotcrete admixtures which produce rapid setting or rapid rheological stiffening of shotcrete.The test method is used to evaluate the relative performance of more than one shotcrete admixture for comparison of performance.The test method is used to determine or verify that no adverse effects on setting time may be experienced with the use of admixtures that are not intended to accelerate or are used to produce stiffening of shotcrete mixtures.Although specific environmental conditions are indicated, the testing environment can be varied to simulate the performance of admixtures in mortars at different temperatures. Such variations are reported as indicated in Section 11.1.1 This is a laboratory test method that covers the determination of the time of setting of hydraulic-cement mortars containing additives for shotcrete for comparison with control mixes containing no additives or to compare the performance of shotcrete mixtures which contain additives that produce rapid setting or rapid stiffening of shotcrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10) are the standard.This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Diametral compression strength is an important measure of the mechanical properties of casting materials. This test method simulates the loading pattern seen in lower extremity casting applications during ambulation. This test method cannot be used to determine cast life or measure bending or other modes of cast failure.5.2 This test method measures but does not prescribe values.1.1 This test method covers the functional diametral compression strength of cylindrical test specimens formed from synthetic fiberglass polyurethane casting materials. The test specimens employed in this test method are similar in geometry and construction to casts used in orthopaedic applications. This test method is not intended to determine the strength of the base materials used for fabrication of the test specimen.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.7.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time of setting of portland-cement pastes containing quick-setting accelerating admixtures for shotcrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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General Utility—The molecular mass (MM) and molecular mass distribution (MMD) are fundamental characteristics of a synthetic polymer that result from the polymerization process. The MM and MMD is useful for a wide variety of correlations for fundamental studies, processing and product applications. For example, it is possible to compare the observed MMD to predictions from an assumed kinetic or mechanistic model for the polymerization reaction. Differences between the values will allow alteration of the model or experimental design. Similarly, it is possible the strength, the melt flow rate, and other properties of a polymer are dependent on the MM and MMD. Determination of the MM and MMD are used for quality control of polymers and as specification in the commerce of polymers.Limitations—If the MMD is too wide, it is possible that the assumption of the constancy of the intensity scale calibration is in serious error.1.1 This test method covers the determination of molecular mass (MM) averages and the distribution of molecular masses for linear atactic polystyrene of narrow molecular mass distribution (MMD) ranging in molecular masses from 2000 g/mol to 35 000 g/mol by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). This test method is not absolute and requires the use of biopolymers for the calibration of the mass axis. The relative calibration of the intensity axis is assumed to be constant for a narrow MMD. Generally, this is viewed as correct if the measured polydispersity is less than 1.2 for the molecular mass range given above.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

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