5.1 This consumer safety specification establishes the dimensions and tolerances and supporting test methods for non-powder gun projectiles and propellants to ensure compatibility between the projectiles and propellants and the non-powder guns for which they are designed.5.2 This consumer safety specification identifies non-powder gun projectiles and propellants and establishes product identification requirements. The product identification requirements are intended to guide users of non-powder guns in selecting the correct projectile or propellant for use in various guns, and attempts to prevent hazards associated with incorrect use of projectiles and propellants.1.1 This consumer safety specification covers projectiles and propellants manufactured for use with non-powder guns intended for target shooting, educational, and recreational purposes and is to be used in conjunction with Consumer Safety Specification F589. Non-powder guns are commonly identified as BB guns, air guns, or pellet guns.1.2 The projectiles and propellants covered by this consumer safety specification are BB cal, .177 cal (4.5 mm), .22 cal (5.5 mm), and .25 cal (6.4 mm) air gun shot of various materials; .177 cal (4.5 mm), 5 mm, .22 cal (5.5 mm), .25 cal (6.4 mm) pellets and .177 cal (4.5 mm), 5 mm, .22 cal (5.5 mm), and .25 cal (6.4 mm) darts and propellants identified as 8 and 12-g type CO2 cylinders with both small and standard-sized necks as well as refillable CO2 or compressed air cylinders and reservoirs.1.3 This consumer safety specification does not cover propellants such as dichlorodifluoromethane or projectiles that are propelled by a combustible release of energy; non-powder gun projectiles used with products identified as blow guns, sling shots, cork guns, toy guns, or archery cross bows and other such devices; projectiles designed for adult use in obsolete non-powder guns, custom-made non-powder guns, and non-powder guns designed for and used by law enforcement, scientific, veterinary or military use; paint ball markers, ammunition for airsoft/softair guns and shot used with shotguns in the firearm classification. Test methods for refilling cylinders do not purport to address all of the safety issues, if any, associated with the safe handling and transfilling of small cylinders. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations, such as but not limited to DOT, CGA and OSHA, prior to use.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Gadolinium oxide powder is used, with subsequent processing, in nuclear fuel applications, such as an addition to uranium dioxide. These test methods are designed to determine whether the material meets the requirements described in Specification C888.4.1.1 The material is analyzed to determine whether it contains the minimum gadolinium oxide content specified.4.1.2 The loss on ignition and impurity content are determined to ensure that the weight loss and the maximum concentration limit of specified impurity elements are not exceeded.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical and mass spectrometric analysis of nuclear-grade gadolinium oxide powders to determine compliance with specifications.1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:  SectionsCarbon by Direct Combustion—Thermal Conductivity 2C1408 Test Method for Carbon (Total) in Uranium Oxide Powders and Pellets By Direct Combustion-Infrared Detection Method 3Total Chlorine and Fluorine by Pyrohydrolysis Ion— Selective Electrode 4C1502 Test Method for Determination of Total Chlorine and Fluorine in Uranium Dioxide and Gadolinium Oxide 3Loss of Weight on Ignition 8 – 14Sulfur by Combustion—Iodometric Titration 5Impurity Elements by a Spark-Source Mass Spectrographic Method   C761 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, Spectrochemical, Nuclear, and Radiochemical Analysis of Uranium Hexafluoride 3 C1287 Test Method for Determination of Impurities in Nuclear Grade Uranium Compounds by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry 3Gadolinium Content in Gadolinium Oxide by Impurity Correction Method 15 – 181.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluating the moldability of thermosetting molding powders. This test method does not necessarily denote that the molding behavior of different materials will be alike and trials may be necessary to establish the appropriate molding index for each material in question.5.2 The sensitivity of this test diminishes when the molding pressure is decreased below 5.3 MPa (764 psi), so pressures lower than this are not ordinarily recommended. This is due to the friction of moving parts and the insensitivity of the pressure switch actuating the timer at these low pressures.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the molding index (plasticity) of thermosetting plastics ranging in flow from soft to stiff by selection of appropriate molding pressures within the range from 3.7 to 36.5 MPa (530 to 5300 psi).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 In PBF systems, powder is often reused to increase feedstock efficiency by reducing waste. While in many applications the customer can rely on the manufacturer’s validation and verification activities to ensure their PBF process produces parts of the appropriate quality, some medical device regulatory bodies ask for the powder reuse schema to ensure that any effect of powder reuse on final device performance is assessed.5 The intention of this guide is to provide manufacturers, customers, and regulatory bodies concise terminology to describe powder feedstock reuse schema for PBF using metal or polymer feedstock. Additionally, a well-defined powder reuse schema may reduce the risk of feedstock contamination and associated defects within the manufacturer’s quality management system. Each schema represents a broad reuse strategy and is intended to be used as the starting point in describing a powder strategy to customers and regulatory bodies. While the focus of this guide is for medical applications, the schema referenced can be used for non-medical applications.1.1 This guide provides a concise approach for users of powder bed fusion (PBF) processes to communicate the method(s) in which feedstock powders are controlled throughout the feedstock lifecycle.1.1.1 Regulatory bodies may require descriptions of used powder reuse schemes in a submission. This is because a medical device's performance can be affected by the condition of the powder feedstock and current regulations are not prescriptive to powder.1.1.2 This guide is intended for users of both polymer and metal feedstock powders.1.2 This guide does not cover powder specifications, recycling strategy, blending processes, lot control, or address contamination prevention.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 These test methods compile procedures which can be used to check the composition of purity of metallic zinc powder. This information is useful to both the formulator and users.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of metallic zinc powder in the form commercially known as zinc dust for use as a pigment in paints.1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:  SectionsMoisture and Other Volatile Matter 7Coarse Particles 8Matter Soluble in Hexane 9 and 10Total Zinc 11 and 12Metallic Zinc 13 and 14Zinc Oxide 15Calcium 16 and 17Lead 18Iron 19Cadmium 20Chlorine 21 and 22Sulfur 23 and 241.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice is useful for the preparation of specimens of ore bodies for the analysis of uranium by X-ray emission. Two separate preparation techniques are described.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of uranium ore samples to be analyzed by X-ray emission. Two separate techniques, the glass fusion method or the pressed powder method, may be used.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This test method is for estimating the relative amount of gamma alumina in calcined catalyst or catalyst carrier samples, assuming that the X-ray powder diffraction peak occurring at about 67 °2θ is attributable to gamma alumina. Gamma alumina is defined as a transition alumina formed after heating in the range from 500 to 550 °C, and may include forms described in the literature as eta, chi, and gamma aluminas. Delta alumina has a diffraction peak in the same region, but is formed above 850 °C, a temperature to which most catalysts of this type are not heated. There are other possible components which may cause some interference, such as alpha-quartz and zeolite Y, as well as aluminum-containing spinels formed at elevated temperatures. If the presence of interfering material is suspected, the diffraction pattern should be examined in greater detail. More significant interference may be caused by the presence of large amounts of heavy metals or rare earths, which exhibit strong X-ray absorption and scattering. Comparisons between similar materials, therefore, may be more appropriate than those between widely varying materials.1.1 This test method covers the determination of gamma alumina and related transition aluminas in catalysts and catalyst carriers containing silica and alumina by X-ray powder diffraction, using the diffracted intensity of the peak occurring at about 67 °2θ when copper Kα radiation is employed.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers sintered aluminium structural parts made primarily from aluminum powders to which controlled amounts of master alloys or elemental copper, magnesium, and silicon have been added by blending. Structural parts shall be made by molding and sintering metal powders to produce finished parts conforming to the requirements of this specification. Chemical composition of copper, magnesium, and silicon content, as well as the density of the material shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests for the determination of the mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, tensile yield strength, elongation and apparent Rockwell hardness of the material shall be performed.1.1 This specification covers aluminum powder metallurgy structural parts made using admixed materials.1.2 This specification covers a material designation code that includes the chemical composition of the material, its guaranteed minimum 0.2 % offset yield strength or ultimate tensile strength, and the temper condition of the material.1.3 Units—With the exception of density values for which the g/cm3 unit is the industry standard, property values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values in SI units result from conversion, are only for information, and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron powders and intended for use as structural parts. The strcutural parts shall be made by hot forging of powder metallurgy preforms in confined dies with or without subsequent heat treatment. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for nickel, molybdenum, manganese, copper, chromium, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, carbon, and oxygen. The mechanical properties such as yield strength, elongation, Rockwell hardness, impact energy, compressive yield strength and fatigue shal be determined using the tensile test method, Charpy V-notch impact energy test method, and hardness test method. The materials shall conform to the required surface finger oxide penetration, interparticle oxide networks, decarburization depth, and nonmetallic inclusion level.1.1 This specification covers powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron powders and intended for use as structural parts.1.2 This specification covers powder forged parts made from the following materials:1.2.1 Compositions: 1.2.1.1 PF-10XX Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder and graphite powder),1.2.1.2 PF-10CXX Copper-Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder, copper and graphite powders),1.2.1.3 PF-11XX Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),1.2.1.4 PF-11CXX, PF-1130CXX, and PF-1135CXX Copper-Carbon Steels with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder, copper, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),1.2.1.5 PF-42XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite powder),1.2.1.6 PF-46XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite powder),1.2.1.7 PF-44XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder), and1.2.1.8 PF-49XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder).NOTE 1: Alloy composition designations are modifications of the AISI-SAE nomenclature. For example: 10CXX designates a plain carbon steel containing copper and XX amount of carbon. Compositional limits of alloy and impurity elements may be different from the AISI-SAE limits. Chemical composition limits are specified in Section 6.NOTE 2: XX designates the forged carbon content, in hundredths of a percent, that is specified by the purchaser for the application. For a given specified carbon content, the permissible limits shall be as specified in 6.2.NOTE 3: The old acronym for powder forging P/F has been replaced by PF throughout the document. The change in the prefix for the material designations is just to match the currently approved acronym for powder forging. No change has been made to the material specification and performance characteristics for the various powder forged materials.1.2.2 Grades: 1.2.2.1 Grade A—Density equivalent to a maximum of 0.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.1.2.2.2 Grade B—Density equivalent to a maximum of 1.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6.1 This test method allows direct determination of the proportion of some individual phases in cement or portland-cement clinker. Thus it provides an alternative to the indirect estimation of phase proportion using the equations in Specification C150/C150M (Annex A1).6.2 This test method assumes that the operator is qualified to operate an X-ray diffractometer and to interpret X-ray diffraction spectra.6.3 This test method may be used as part of a quality control program in cement manufacturing.6.4 This test method may be used in predicting properties and performance of hydrated cement and concrete that are a function of phase composition.6.5 QXRD provides a bulk analysis (that is, the weighted average composition of several grams of material). Therefore, results may not agree precisely with results of microscopical methods.1.1 This test method covers direct determination of the proportion by mass of individual phases in portland cement or portland-cement clinker using quantitative X-ray (QXRD) analysis. The following phases are covered by this standard: alite (tricalcium silicate), belite (dicalcium silicate), aluminate (tricalcium aluminate), ferrite (tetracalcium aluminoferrite), periclase (magnesium oxide), gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate), bassanite (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), anhydrite (calcium sulfate), and calcite (calcium carbonate).1.2 This test method specifies certain general aspects of the analytical procedure, but does not specify detailed aspects. Recommended procedures are described, but not specified. Regardless of the procedure selected, the user shall demonstrate by analysis of certified reference materials (CRM's) that the particular analytical procedure selected for this purpose qualifies (that is, provides acceptable precision and bias) (see Note 1). The recommended procedures are ones used in the round-robin analyses to determine the precision levels of this test method.NOTE 1: A similar approach was used in the performance requirements for alternative methods for chemical analysis in Test Methods C114.1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 9.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers stainless steel powder metallurgy (PM) structural components with minimum densities that are fabricated from prealloyed powder consisting primarily of iron, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and boron2 and are intended for use in corrosive service. Structural components shall be made by cold pressing and sintering prealloyed powder. The chemical composition; physical properties such as density; and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation and hardness; are detailed.1.1 This specification covers stainless steel powder metallurgy (PM) structural components with a 7.7-g/cm3 minimum density that are fabricated from prealloyed powder consisting primarily of iron, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and boron2 and are intended for use in corrosive service.1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Determining optimal strategies for the measurement and characterization of surface texture is necessary to increase confidence in the assessment of surfaces and in any further comparisons and correlations sought between manufactured surfaces, manufacturing processes, and desired functionality. Further, measurement and characterization of surface texture have implications in the field of tribology and in the determination and specification of part quality. This guide is designed to provide users of measurement technologies in both industry and academia with good practice for optimizing measurements of surfaces produced by metal powder bed fusion (PBF) manufacturing processes. While the focus of this guide is on surfaces produced by metal PBF, some of the referenced methods may also be appropriate for surfaces produced by other manufacturing processes.1.1 This guide is designed to introduce the reader to techniques for surface texture measurement and characterization of surfaces made with metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes. It refers the reader to existing standards that may be applicable for the measurement and characterization of surface texture.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide describes the use of torque and angle-of-twist data as a preliminary acceptance criteria for a production run utilizing a previously qualified AM process through periodical or continuous evaluation. A torsion device (for example, torque wrench, instrumented lathe with torque readout) is used to break strategically placed torque specimens within the build volume in the as-built state to provide evidence of build health. If a round of tests from a production run is determined to fall outside of some criteria (for example: 3 standard deviations from the mean or other user defined criteria), additional qualification procedures should be performed to ensure the AM machine or process health are acceptable.NOTE 1: It is advantageous to locate the specimen at the same build height and near-critical locations of the part or component being fabricated for the evaluation to be representative of the specific region.5.2 This guide is not intended to replace rigorous qualification procedures and should only be considered as a preliminary acceptance criterion to increase confidence that an AM machine or process has not been significantly compromised.1.1 This guide illustrates a test specimen geometry and testing protocol that can be used to assess the quality of a metal powder bed fusion build cycle as it could be affected by major system errors (for example, corrupted calibration, disrupted inert gas flow, laser wear) severely affecting the quality of materials fabricated by laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB).1.2 This method is designed to interrupt the manufacturing process if poor material quality is identified through go/no-go torque/angle of twist measurements of witness coupons after each fabrication.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification defines the physical and chemical requirements of nuclear-grade beryllium oxide (BeO) powder to be used in fabricating nuclear components.1.2 This specification does not include requirements for health and safety (1-5).2 It recognizes the material as a Class B poison and suggests that producers and users become thoroughly familiar with and comply to applicable federal, state, and local regulations and handling guidelines (1).1.3 Special tests and procedures are given in Annex A1 and Annex A2.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

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