4.1 Specifications for aggregates require obtaining representative portions of the supply material for testing. Other factors being equal, larger samples will tend to be more representative of the total supply. This practice provides procedures for reducing the large sample obtained in the field, or produced in the laboratory, to a convenient size for conducting a number of descriptive and quality tests. Failure to carefully follow the procedures in this practice could result in providing a non-representative sample to be used in subsequent testing. The individual test methods provide for minimum amount of material to be tested.4.2 Under certain circumstances, reduction in size of the large sample prior to testing is not recommended. Substantial differences between the selected test samples sometimes cannot be avoided, for example, in the case of an aggregate having relatively few large size particles in the sample. The laws of chance dictate that these few particles may be unequally distributed among the reduced size test samples. Similarly, if the test sample is being examined for certain contaminants occurring in only small percentages, caution should be used in interpreting results from the reduced size test sample. Chance inclusion or exclusion of only one or two particles in the selected test sample may importantly influence interpretation of the characteristics of the original sample. In these cases, the entire original sample should be tested.1.1 This practice covers three methods for the reduction of large samples of aggregate to the appropriate size for testing. These techniques are intended to minimize variations in measured characteristics between the test samples selected and the large sample.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the many other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet size distribution of carbon black.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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5.1 Using a geotextile as a medium to retain soil particles necessitates compatibility between it and the adjacent soil. This test method is used to indicate the apparent opening size in a geotextile, which reflects the approximate largest opening dimension available for soil to pass through.5.2 Test Methods D4751 for the determination of opening size of geotextiles is acceptable for testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles. Current estimates of precision, between laboratories, have been established.5.3 Apparent opening test results obtained using Method A may differ from test results obtained with Method B. It is the intent of this test method to confirm the equivalency of the Method B results before permitting the use of this alternative. Laboratories electing the use of Method B must first determine any bias that exists between the two methods and document a reliable correlation in accordance with this test method.5.3.1 The correlation between the Method B results and the Method A results must be established and meet the requirements of this test method for every different geotextile product type tested with Method B. Geotextiles from different manufacturers or with different nominal unit weights are considered different products. A minimum of three test results must be compared with all three satisfying the established correlation.NOTE 1: The correlation should be confirmed for a particular product by comparing a minimum of three test results when there are changes in the manufacturing of a specific pre-qualified geotextile.5.4 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Methods D4751 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.5.4.1 In the event that the dispute involves test results produced with the capillary porometer, Method A1 is considered the referee method for Test Methods D4751.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent opening size (AOS) of a geotextile either by dry-sieving glass beads through a geotextile (Methods A1 and A2) or by using a capillary porometer (Method B).1.2 Method B will not be used in lieu of Method A unless the pre-qualification procedure specified in this standard is followed.1.3 These test methods show the values in both SI units and inch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values in inch-pound units are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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3.1 This test method assures that the particle size of soaps and detergents conforms to specifications having to do with density and packaging, among others. It also offers a means of controlling the amount of potentially hazardous very low particle size material.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size of soaps and other detergents by hand sieving and machine sieving methods.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This specification covers standard methods for sampling and testing of various ferroalloys for size analysis. Ferroalloys are classified into lump and crushed or plates sizes. The small-sized samples subject to screen testing shall be taken from the lot sample by riffling, and larger sized samples by mixing and quartering. Sizing of lumps shall be done by visual examination. Crushed or plates materials shall be subjected to sieving by using either manually driven or mechanically driven screen vibrators to divide samples into several size fractions.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of the various ferroalloys for sizing, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers.1.2 They are designed to give results representative of each lot that will be comparable with the manufacturer's certified analysis for the same lot.1.3 The purchaser may use any sampling procedure he desires, but the results obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for complaint or rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy equivalent to that prescribed in these test methods.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4.1 Exception—The SI units that correspond to mesh sizes in Table 1 are to be regarded as standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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4.1 This guide describes the need to specify the measuring technique used whenever quoting the particle size distribution of a coating powder.4.2 This guide is for use by manufacturers of coating powders and by specifiers for process control and product acceptance.1.1 This guide covers the significance of referencing the techniques used whenever specifying the particle size distribution of a coating powder.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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