5.1 The durability of antimicrobial agents applied to textiles is an important attribute for many of the available technologies on the market. Antimicrobial agents that claim durability are typically fixed ionically, covalently or physically, or both, to a textile surface and are expected to retain their antimicrobial functionality after 5, 25 or 50 washes.5.2 Textile wash standards do exist that measure features as diverse as colorfastness or softener retention, pilling, or even the appearance of the decorative coatings of a zipper; however, no wash method exists that is specific for measuring the durability of an antimicrobial agent applied directly into or onto a textile surface.5.3 Current wash standards have been written to either closely simulate (AATCC TM135) or accelerate (AATCC TM61) the laundering conditions that would be experienced during normal home laundering. While shown to be effective when testing physical properties of textiles, these methods introduce variables to the washing protocol that can directly affect the final antimicrobial properties of a fabric. For example, many wash protocols add bleach or softeners which can build up over time and may introduce false positive results in industry standard microbiological tests. Conversely, powdered detergents if not completely rinsed after each wash can leave residual surfactants that can build up over time but are generally removed during wear. These residual detergents can potentially coat an antimicrobial surface and provide false negative results.5.4 Very specific parameters are identified within this practice to closely replicate home launderings as identified and studied in previous wash protocols (AATCC TM61) and accepted within the textile industry. This practice uses detergents and washing conditions which limit potential cross contamination of samples during washing and unrealistic deposition of residual detergents on the test fabric. These conditions increase the reproducibility and reliability of subsequent microbiological test methods.5.5 This practice allows for the simple washing of textile fabrics for the subsequent antimicrobial testing. Any industry accepted antimicrobial test standard could be used following this washing protocol.5.6 This practice is appropriate for porous materials such as textiles or any porous, soft substrate that is intended to withstand multiple home washes. This practice is intended to measure the durable antibacterial properties of such materials. In most instances, further studies will be required to support and substantiate actual claims being made for the performance of treated materials in practice or as part of a regulatory process.5.7 This standard practice has been shown to be effective at measuring the durability of polymer based antimicrobial agents to home laundering conditions. Particle based or other antimicrobial agents may require modifications of the current methodology to simulate laundering conditions in practice. The exact correlation between expressed laundry care instructions on the antimicrobial treated article and the exposure conditions identified in the standard practice must be determined separately for every antimicrobial active.1.1 To determine the durability of standard antibacterial treatments on textile products such as apparel, piece goods, household articles, hereinafter referred to as “textile” or “textile products” to multiple home launderings.1.2 This practice subjects textile products treated with antimicrobial agents to multiple simulated and accelerated home launderings under defined parameters such that reproducible and reliable antimicrobial analysis can be performed using standard industry accepted protocols.1.3 For some antimicrobial agents, the durability of antibacterial properties resulting from exposure to detergent solution and abrasive action of multiple home launderings has been shown to be approximated by one 45-minute laundering cycle. The exact correlation between expressed laundry care instructions and exposure conditions identified in the practice should be determined separately for every antimicrobial agent.1.4 The subsequent microbiological methods shall be performed by individuals experienced and adept in microbiological procedures and in facilities suitable for the handling of the microorganisms under test.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operation, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Systematic surveys provide data on shoreline, lakeshore, river bank or other terrain’s character and oiling conditions from which informed planning and operational decisions can be developed with respect to cleanup (1-4).3 In particular, the data are used by decision makers to determine which oiled areas require treatment and to develop end-point criteria for use as targets for the field operations.3.2 Surveys may include one or more of four components or phases, as listed below. The scale of an affected area plus quantity and availability of pre-spill information will influence the selection of survey components and its level of detail.3.2.1 The aerial reconnaissance survey phase provides a perspective on the overall extent and general nature of the oiling conditions. This information is used in conjunction with environmental, resource, and cultural sensitivity data to guide shoreline protection, recovery of mobile oil, and to facilitate the more detailed response planning and priorities of the response operations.3.2.2 The aerial video survey(s) phase provides systematic audio and video documentation of the extent and type of oiling conditions, physical character, and logistics information, such as access and staging data.3.2.3 The ground assessment survey(s) phase provides the necessary information and data to develop appropriate response recommendations. A field team(s) collects detailed information on oil conditions, the physical and ecological character of oiled areas, and resources or cultural features that may affect or be affected by the timing or implementation of response activities.3.2.4 The post-treatment inspection ground survey or monitoring phase provides the necessary information and data to ensure a segment, that is part of the response program, has been treated to the approved end-point criterion. (5)3.3 In order to ensure data consistency, it is important to use standardized terminology and definitions in describing oiling conditions, as provided in Guide F1687. This terminology is described in more detail in guidelines on Best Practices and checklists for the implementation of a survey program (1-4).1.1 This guide covers field procedures by which data can be collected in a systematic manner to document and assess the oiling conditions on shorelines, river banks, and lake shores (shores and substrates) plus dry land habitats (terrain).1.2 This guide does not address the terminology that is used to define and describe terrain oiling conditions, the ecological character of oiled terrain, or the cultural or other resources that can be present.1.3 The guide is applicable to marine coasts (including estuaries) and to freshwater environments (rivers and lakes) and to dry land habitats. In alignment with Guide F2204:1.3.1 For the purpose of this guide, marine and estuarine shorelines, river banks, and lake shores will be collectively referred to as shorelines, shores, or shore-zones.1.3.2 Shore types include a range of impermeable (bedrock, ice, and manmade structures), permeable (flats, beaches, and manmade), and coastal wetland (marshes, mangroves) habitats.1.4 Other non-shoreline, inland habitats include wetlands (pond, fen, bog, swamp, tundra, and shrub) and drier terrains (grassland, desert, forests), and will be collectively referred to as either wetlands or terrains, respectively.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 In order to ensure data consistency, it is important to use standardized terminology and definitions in describing oiling conditions (1)3. This guide provides a template for that purpose.4.2 Data on oiling conditions at a shoreline are needed to provide an accurate perspective of the nature and scale of the oiling problem and to facilitate spill-response planning and decision making. Data on oiling conditions would be used in assessing the need for cleanup actions, selecting the most appropriate response technique(s), determining priorities for cleanup, and evaluating the endpoint of cleanup activities.(2-3)4.3 Mechanisms by which data are collected can vary (see Guide F1686). They can include aerial video surveys or ground-level assessment surveys. The composition and responsibility of the survey team will depend on the response organization and objectives. The magnitude and type of data sets collected can likewise vary with the nature of the spill and operational needs.4.4 Consistent data sets (observations and measurements) on shoreline oiling conditions are essential within any one spill in order to compare the data between different sites or observers, and to compare the data against existing benchmarks or criteria that have been developed to rate the nature or severity of the oiling. To the extent possible, consistency is also desirable between different spills, in order to benefit from previous experiences and cleanup decisions.4.5 It is recognized that some modifications may be appropriate based on local or regional geographic conditions or upon the specific character of the stranded oil.1.1 This guide covers the standardized terminology and types of observational data and indices appropriate to describe the quantity, nature, and distribution of oil and physical oiling conditions on shorelines that have been contaminated by an oil spill.1.2 This guide does not address the mechanisms and field procedures by which the necessary data are gathered; nor does it address terminology used to describe the cultural resource or ecological character of oiled shorelines, spill monitoring, or cleanup techniques.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice can be used to determine an expected capacity for an existing or a proposed photovoltaic system in a particular location during a specified period of time (see data collection period in Test Method E2848).5.2 The expected capacity calculated in accordance with this practice can be compared with the capacity measured according to Test Method E2848 when the RC are the same.5.3 The comparison of expected capacity and measured capacity can be used as a criterion for plant acceptance.5.4 The user of this practice must select the performance simulation period over which the reporting conditions and expected capacity will be derived. Seasonal variations will likely cause both of these to change with differing performance simulation periods.5.5 When this practice is used in conjunction with Test Method E2848, the performance simulation period and the data collection period must agree. If they do not agree, the comparison between expected and measured capacity will not be meaningful.5.6 Historical or measured5 plane-of-array irradiance, ambient air temperature, and wind speed data can be used to select reporting conditions and calculate expected capacity. If historical data are used, the data collection period should match the time period of the measured data in terms of season and length.5.7 The simulated power output that is used to calculate the expected capacity should be derived from a performance model designed to represent the photovoltaic system which will be reported per Test Method E2848.1.1 This practice provides procedures for determining the expected capacity of a specific photovoltaic system in a specific geographical location that is in operation under natural sunlight during a specified period of time. The expected capacity is intended for comparison with the measured capacity determined by Test Method E2848.1.2 This practice is intended for use with Test Method E2848 as a procedure to select appropriate reporting conditions (RC), including solar irradiance in the plane of the modules, ambient temperature, and wind speed needed for the photovoltaic system capacity measurement.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in buildings have not been well established. One basic requirement that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission factor data from different products.4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the appropriate GC-MS or GC-FID analytical procedure, and to estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent environmental chamber testing.4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their products. The data can also be used to identify building materials with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.4.4 While emission factors determined by using this practice can be used to compare different products, the concentrations measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds (VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured wood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identify the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is, emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest are then determined by measuring the concentrations in a small environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determination, see Test Method D6007.1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing the emission characteristics of different products under the standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsorbent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorption and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method recommended in this practice are generally valid for the identification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vapor pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the selection of adsorbent(s).NOTE 1: VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each adsorbent used. Although canisters can be used to sample VOCs, this standard is limited to sampling VOCs from the chamber air using adsorbent tubes.1.4 The emission factors determined using the above procedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen under the standard test condition. These data can be used directly to compare the emission characteristics of different products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month after the production. They shall not be used to predict the emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than one month) or under different environmental conditions.1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC concentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specified hazard statements see Section 6.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, these test methods can be used to optimize paint application processes.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general plant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent.1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight or volume of the paint solids sprayed and that of the paint solids deposited on the painted part.1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determine the amount of paint solids deposited on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the amount of paint sprayed.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.NOTE 1: These test methods apply to general plant production equipment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined in Test Method D5066.NOTE 2: The relationship between volatile organic compound emission rates and transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-01, referenced in Test Method D5066 does not apply to general production facilities.NOTE 3: A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may not represent the entire process.NOTE 4: The operator and the spray-application equipment-operating conditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be representative of normal operating conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.NOTE 5: These test methods have not been adopted by federal regulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollution regulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This test method was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field service oils were then used in developing the operating conditions of this test procedure.FIG. 1 Schematic of Engine Fuel System5.2 This test method, along with other test methods, defines the minimum performance level of the API Category SL (detailed information about this category is included in Specification D4485). This test method is also incorporated in automobile manufacturers' factory-fill specifications.5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test,2 and it has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A5.1.4 A Table of Contents follows:  Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Apparatus (General Description) 6Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7  Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1  Required New Engine Parts 7.2  Reusable Engine Parts 7.3  Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4  Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5  Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6  Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7  Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8  Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9  Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8  Intake Air 8.1  Fuel and Fuel System 8.2  Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3  Coolants 8.4Measurement Instrumentation 9  Temperatures 9.1  Pressures 9.2  Flow Rates 9.3  Fuel Consumption 9.4  Speed and Load 9.5  Exhaust Gas 9.6  Humidity 9.7Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10Test Stand Calibration 11Test Procedure 12  Pre-Test Procedure 12.1  Engine Operating Procedure 12.2  Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3  Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4  Diagnostic Data Review 12.5  End of Test Procedure 12.6Interpretation of Test Results 13  Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1  Sludge Ratings 13.2  Varnish Ratings 13.3  Clogging 13.4  Sticking 13.5  Used Oil Analyses 13.6Assessment of Test Validity 14  General 14.1  Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2  Blowby Flow Rate 14.3  Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4  Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5  Oil Consumption 14.6  Engine Parts Replacement 14.7  Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8Final Test Report 15  Report Forms 15.1Precision and Bias 16Keywords 17ANNEXES    ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1  ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2  ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3  ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4  Safety Precautions Annex A5  Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A6  Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A7  Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A8  Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A9  External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A10  Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A11  Dipstick Calibration Annex A12  Critical Part Supplier List Annex A13  Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A14  Rating Worksheets Annex A15  Fuel Injector Flow Measurements Annex A16APPENDIXES    Piston and Ring Measurements Record Forms Appendix X1  Sources of Materials and Information Appendix X2  Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service Appendix X31.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The slip hazard from aggressive contaminants on walkway surfaces is often found in commercial and industrial (not including construction) settings including fresh fruits and vegetables open display areas, manufacturing processes, food preparation and processing areas, rendering operations, transportation and cargo handling activities, petroleum drilling platforms, and other similar environments.5.2 Ladder rungs, steps and other similar means of access and egress should be considered as walkway surfaces in slip-resistance analyses in commercial and industrial (not including construction) environments where aggressive contaminants are determined to be a factor.1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the selection of walking surfaces and treatments where the foreseeable presence of aggressive contaminants produces the danger of a slip and fall injury events in commercial and industrial (not including construction) environments, for persons wearing appropriate footwear.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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