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1.1 This specification covers polybutylene (PB) pipe made in dimensions based on outside diameters from 3.5 to 42 in. in six standard dimension ratios, namely 11, 13.5, 17, 21, 26, and 32.5. 1.2 The outside diameter sizing system is known as the IPS system, whose measurements are in inch-pound units. Note 1-A complete metric companion to specification F809 has been developed-F809M; therefore no metric equivalents are presented in this specification. 1.3 The piping is intended for new construction and insertion renewal of old piping systems used for the transport of water, municipal sewage, industrial process liquids, effluents, slurries, etc. in both pressure and nonpressure systems. The components covered by this specification are intended for use in commercial and industrial process piping at temperatures up to 180°F. Note 2-The user must consult the manufacturer to assure himself that any degradation of the polybutylene pipe caused by the material being transported will not affect the service life beyond limits acceptable to the user. 1.4 All pipes produced under this specification are pressure-rated. 1.5 This specification includes criteria for classifying PB plastic pipe material and pipe, together with performance requirements and test methods for determining conformance to the requirements. 1.5.1 Quality control measures to be taken by manufacturers are outlined in the Appendix as a nonmandatory part of this specification. 1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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The geotechnical map resulting from application of the procedures set forth in this guide is permanent documentation which may be used in the following ways:4.1.1 Compilation of basic geotechnical information.4.1.2 Design verification.4.1.3 Evaluation of preconstruction assumptions.4.1.4 Instrumentation location and data analyses.4.1.5 Identification and location of problems and potential problems.4.1.6 Provision of records for cost and claims adjustments.4.1.7 Provision of information useful in future similar or nearby projects.Construction or safety considerations may limit the ability to map to the full extent of the procedures of this guide.There are significant benefits to mapping as close to the advancing face of the opening as is feasible, depending upon safety and logistical considerations.Mapping emphasis should be placed on those geotechnical features which are anticipated or are found to affect overall performance of the excavation.Dust, water, lack of light, limited exposures, or other physical factors may affect the quality of the mapping.1.1 This guide recommends procedures for mapping large subsurface openings made for either civil or mining purposes.1.2 The mapping provides characterization and documentation of the condition of the rock mass at the excavation surface.1.3 The mapping may be accomplished during or after excavation; however, if possible, the mapping should be completed before construction activity modifies or obscures the surface condition and especially any critical geologic features.1.4 The mapping level of detail shall be appropriate for its intended use. This mapping does not replace rigorous investigations to develop physical or mathematical models of behavior.1.5 When soil or soil-like materials are encountered in the excavation, they should also be appropriately mapped and described in accordance with applicable ASTM standards.1.6 Many of the procedures presented in this guide may be used, as well, to map surface excavations.1.7 The mapping does not replace the surveying of excavation geometry.1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 60261.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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This test method provides an evaluation of the quality of an in-line sealing process on a real time basis for sealed packages. It eliminates the need to expose the specimen to long exposures of high pressure to drive the helium gas into the package to later be detected by the same method herein used. Previously, separate test methods were required to detect large or small leaks. This method provides only one test to accomplish all test levels without potential for specimens with leaks to escape detection within the range of detection being employed (see Practices F 98).Both development and research, along with manufacturing control, may be served by using this test method. Current gross leak test methods and fine leak test methods may be combined into one using this method. No exposure to high pressure processing hazards is involved and safety of operation in production environment is enhanced.1.1 This test method applies to hermetic package leak testing to detect leaks of a broad spectrum in size with a minimum detection level equal to the sensitivity of the helium mass spectrometer equipment used in the test.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Mycoplasmas of bovine origin are prevalent contaminants of cell cultures. Contamination can be detected by the large volume method.3 ,4Heat inactivated serum need not be tested for mycoplasmas. Heating serum to 56°C for 30 min will kill mycoplasmas.Mycoplasmas may be present in any particular lot of serum but may not be detected because of inadequate sample size; thus, negative test results do not provide absolute assurance that the test serum is free of mycoplasmas.1.1 This practice covers the procedures used for detection of mycoplasma contamination in serum by direct microbiological culture.1.2 This practice does not cover procedures used for detection of mycoplasma in cell cultures.1.3 This practice does not cover indirect methods for detection of mycoplasma contamination.1.4 This practice does not cover methods for identification of mycoplasma cultures.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of large shipping cases and unitized loads as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling. Not all of the methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. The test methods described are applicable to common means of material handling including: forklift, pull pack, clamp truck, crane, and spade lift type handling systems as follows: 1.1.1 Drop Test -For measuring the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand rough handling and provide information useful in improving the design of the container (see 9.1.2 and 10.1). 1.1.2 Spade Lift Test -For lifting by spade lift attachment to determine the ability of the handling flap of the case or shipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by this method (see 9.2). 1.1.3 Clamp Lift Test -For lifting by hydraulic clamp attachment, to determine the ability of the case or shipping unit, to withstand squeeze clamp handling consisting of repeated side compressions and lifting (see 9.3). 1.1.4 Push-Pull Handling Test -For testing the ability of the slip sheet tab to withstand repeated pulls by the gripper jaws without tearing (see 9.4). 1.1.5 Grabhook Test -For lifting by grabhooks to determine the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand the horizontal pressures of grabhooks (see 10.2). 1.1.6 Sling Test -For lifting by wire rope, cable, or woven fiber slings to determine the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand the compression of slings (see 10.3). 1.1.7 Tip Test -For determining the ability of tall or top heavy cases or crates to resist tipping over (see Section 11). 1.1.8 Tipover Test -For determining the ability of filled large shipping containers to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the pack is tipped over (see Section 12). Note 1-This test method fulfills the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 8768. The ISO standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.> 1.1.9 Rolling Test -For determining the ability of a complete, filled transport package to withstand the effects of rolling (see Section 13). Note 2-This test method fulfills the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 2876. The ISO standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.> 1.2 Additional Test Procedures: 1.2.1 Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Method D4003. Test Method D4003 includes a special pallet marshalling test and Test Method D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures. 1.2.2 Test Method D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

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These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which bulkheads and decks will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning fluid hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions.5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the conditions, the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.5.1.3 It is feasible that substantial changes in the fire performance characteristics of the assembly will result from any variation from the construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) that are tested.The structural assemblies that will be evaluated in accordance with these test methods will be located on a ship.1.1 These test methods described in this fire-test response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of insulated marine steel bulkheads and decks. The insulation is either homogeneous or composite construction.1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether bulkheads and decks will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These test methods shall not be construed as implying suitability for use after fire exposure.1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different bulkhead and deck assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.1.4 Limitations - These test methods do not provide the following:1.4.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those tested.1.4.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assembly contributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.1.4.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test assembly.1.4.4 The erosive effect that the velocities or turbulence, or both, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protection materials.1.4.5 Full information on the performance of assemblies at times less than 5 min because the rise time called out in Section is longer than that of a real fire.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for approximate information only.1.6 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 This test method is based on the fire exposure as defined in Test Methods E 1529 (issued by the Committee on Fire Standards, E05).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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