定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元 加购物车

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

5.1 A major factor affecting the life of insulating materials is thermal degradation. It is possible that other factors, such as moisture and vibration, will cause failures after the material has been weakened by thermal degradation.5.2 Electrical insulation is effective in electrical equipment only as long as it retains its physical and electrical integrity. The following are potential indicators of thermal degradation: weight change, porosity, crazing, and generally a reduction in flexibility. Thermal degradation is usually accompanied by an ultimate reduction in dielectric breakdown.5.3 This test method is useful in determining the thermal endurance of coating powders applied over a copper or aluminum substrate material.1.1 This test method provides a procedure for evaluating thermal endurance of coating powders by determining the length of aging time at selected elevated temperatures required to achieve dielectric breakdown at room temperature at a pre-determined proof voltage. Thermal endurance is expressed in terms of a temperature index.1.2 This test method is applicable to insulating powders used over a substrate material of copper or aluminum.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems is likely to result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the manufacturing and testing requirements for copper clad aluminum rectangular bar for electrical (bus) applications. Six classes of copper-clad aluminum bar are covered:1.1 This specification covers copper clad aluminum rectangular bar for electrical (bus) applications.1.2 Six classes of copper-clad aluminum bar are covered as follows:Class 20A—Nominal 20 volume % copper, annealed.Class 25A—Nominal 25 volume % copper, annealed.Class 30A—Nominal 30 volume % copper, annealed.Class 20H—Nominal 20 volume % copper, hard-worked.Class 25H—Nominal 25 volume % copper, hard-worked.Class 30H—Nominal 30 volume % copper, hard-worked.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, except for resistivity and density, where the SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 In this test method fire test response characteristics of a school bus seat assembly are assessed following ignition by a square gas burner.5.2 This test method is similar in concept to a fire test currently used, and which has been in such use for many years, as the industry standard for flammability testing of school bus seats (see Appendix X1). However, in this test method the paper bag has been replaced by a gas burner as the ignition source.5.3 The US federal government has issued a flammability test applicable to interior materials in road vehicles, FMVSS 302. FMVSS 302 remains the only regulatory test for assessing fire-test-response characteristics of school bus seats.5.4 ASTM has issued Test Method D5132 in order to provide a more standardized way of conducting FMVSS 302.5.5 The test method described in this document provides a significantly higher challenge to school bus seats than the FMVSS 302 federal regulatory test. Therefore, any seat assembly that performs acceptably in this test is likely to meet the requirements of FMVSS 302.5.6 It is clear that those seat assemblies that exhibit little or no flame spread, short times to flame extinction and little mass loss in this test are likely to exhibit improved performance in an actual fire situation compared to seat assemblies that burn vigorously and have high mass loss.5.7 This test is primarily useful to distinguish products that, when exposed to these fire conditions, will become fully involved in fire from other products that will not.1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method assesses the burning behavior of upholstered seating used in school buses by measuring specific fire-test responses when a school bus seat specimen is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under normally ventilated conditions.1.3 The ignition source is a gas burner.1.4 This fire test is primarily useful to distinguish products that, when exposed to an ignition source, will become fully involved in fire from other products that will not.1.5 Data are obtained describing the burning behavior of the seat assemblies from a specific ignition source until all burning has ceased.1.6 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of upholstered seating in fire conditions other than those conditions specified.1.7 The burning behavior is visually documented by photographic or video recordings, whenever possible.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors. The bars, rods, tubes, pipes, structural profiles and profiles shall be produced by hot extrusion or by similar methods. Pipe or tube may be produced through porthole or bridge type dies. Tensile properties of the specimens such as tensile and yield strengths and bending shall be determined by tension test and bending test, respectively. Electrical resistivity and conductivity shall be determined.1.1 This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors as follows:1.1.1 Type B—Hot-finished bar, rod, tube, pipe, structural profiles and profiles in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type B tolerances, as shown in the “List of ANSI Tables of Dimensional Tolerances.”1.1.2 Type C—Hot-finished rectangular bar in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type C tolerances as listed in the tolerances and permissible variations tables.1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1. The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy designation in accordance with Practice E527 is A96101 for Alloy 6101.NOTE 1: Type A material, last covered in the 1966 issue of this specification, is no longer available; therefore, requirements for cold-finished rectangular bar have been deleted.1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the requirements for copper conductor bars, rods, and shapes for both electrical (bus) and general applications. Products shall be produced in tempers O60 (soft annealed), and H04 (hard). Products shall be sampled and prepared, then tested accordingly to examine their conformance to dimensional (mass, diameter, thickness, width, shape, specified and stock lengths, straightness, edge contour, and radius of edges or corners), mechanical (tensile, yield and bend strengths, elongation, Rockwell hardness, and embrittlement), electrical resistivity, and chemical composition requirements.1.1 This specification2 establishes the requirements for copper conductor bar, rod, and shapes for electrical (bus) applications and rod, bar, and shapes for general applications.1.1.1 The products for electrical (bus) applications shall be made from the following coppers:3Copper UNS No.3 Reference Designation       C10100   OFE  C10200   OF  C10300   OFXLP  C10400, C10500, C10700   OFS  C10920, C10930, C10940   —  C11000   ETP  C11020   FRHC  C11300, C11400, C11500, C11600   STP  C12000   DLP1.1.1.1 The product may be furnished from any copper listed unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order.1.2 The product for general applications shall be made from any of the coppers in 1.1.1 or the following coppers:Copper UNS No.3 Reference Designation C10800  OFLPC12200 DHP1.2.1 The product may be furnished from any copper listed above unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order. Other coppers may be used upon agreement between the supplier and purchaser.1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.NOTE 1: Material for hot forging will be found in Specification B124/B124M.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for copper bar, bus bar, rod and shapes for electrical and non-electrical applications. 1.1.1 The products for electrical applications shall be made from the following coppers: Copper UNS No. 2 Reference Designation C10100 OFE C10200 OF C10300 OFXLP C10400, C10500, C10700 OFS C10920, C10930, C10940 ... C11000 ETP C11300, C11400, C11500, C11600 STP C14420 ... 1.1.1.1 The product may be furnished from any copper listed unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order. 1.1.2 The product for non-electrical applications shall be made from the following coppers: Copper UNS No. 2 Reference Designation C10800 OFLP C12000 DLP C12200 DHP 1.1.2.1 The product may be furnished from any copper listed unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order. 1.2 SI units are the standard for this specification. 1.3 This specification is the SI (metric) companion to the inch-pound Specification B187.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

18.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.Property Rounded Unit for Calculatedor Observed Value   Chemical composition nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures  of the specified limit Hardness   Electrical resistivity nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures Electrical conductivity Tensile strength nearest ksi (5 MPa) Elongation: below 5 % nearest multiple of 0.5 % 5 % and over nearest 1 %AbstractThis specification covers seamless copper bus pipe and tube intended for use as electrical conductors. The material shall be manufactured by such hot-working, cold-working, and annealing processing as to produce a uniform, seamless wrought structure in the finished product. The method of manufacture shall be such that the finished material conforms to the specified temper properties. The material shall conform to the requirements for the copper UNS no. as specified. The material shall be furnished in either the O60 (soft anneal) or H80 (hard drawn) temper. The material shall conform to the maximum electrical resistivity requirements prescribed. The product shall conform to the prescribed mechanical property requirements. The product shall conform to the prescribed bend testing requirements. The test specimens of material designated as Copper UNS Nos. C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, and C12000 shall be free of cuprous oxide. When tested, material designated as Copper UNS nos. C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, and C12000 shall pass the embrittlement test. The product shall be passed through an eddy-current testing unit adjusted to provide information on the suitability of the product for the intended application.1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for seamless copper bus pipe and tube intended for use as electrical conductors.1.1.1 The product shall be made from one of the following coppers, as denoted in the ordering information:2CopperUNS No.2 PreviouslyUsedDesignation Type of Copper      C10100  OFE Oxygen-free, electronic  C10200 OF Oxygen-free without residual deoxidants  C10300 — Oxygen-free, extra low phosphorus  C10400, C10500,   C10700  OFS Oxygen-free, silver bearing  C11000  ETP Electrolytic tough pitch  C11300, C11400,   C11600  STP Silver-bearing tough pitch  C12000  DLP Phosphorized, low residual phosphorus1.2 Unless otherwise specified, any one of the above coppers may be furnished.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Historically, tires have been tested for endurance by a variety of test methods. Some typical testing protocols have been: (1) proving grounds or highway testing over a range of speeds, loads, and inflations, (2) testing on fleets of vehicles for extended periods of time, and (3) indoor (laboratory) testing of tires loaded on a rotating 1.707-m diameter roadwheel; however, the curved surface of a 1.707-m diameter roadwheel results in a significantly different tire behavior from that observed on a flat or highway surface.5.1.1 This practice addresses the need for providing equivalent test severity over a range of typical tire operating conditions between a 1.707-m diameter roadwheel surface (Practice F551) and a flat surface. There are different deformations of the tire footprint on curved versus flat surfaces resulting in different footprint mechanics, stress/strain cycles, and significantly different internal operating temperatures for the two types of contact surface. Since tire internal temperatures are key parameters influencing tire endurance or operating characteristics under typical use conditions, it is important to be able to calculate internal temperature differentials between curved and flat surfaces for a range of loads, inflation pressures and rotational velocities (speeds).5.2 Data from lab and road tire temperature measurement trials were combined, statistically analyzed, and tire temperature prediction models derived.35.2.1 The fit of the models to the data is shown as the coefficient of determination, R2, for the two critical crown area temperatures, i.e. tread centerline and belt edge, as well as the ply ending area:R2 = 0.89, 0.90, and 0.89 respectively5.2.2 These prediction models were used to develop the prediction profilers described in Section 7 and Annex A1.1.1 This practice describes the procedure to identify equivalent test severity conditions between a 1.707-m diameter laboratory roadwheel surface and a flat or highway surface for commercial radial truck-bus tires.1.1.1 Tire operational severity, as defined as the running or operational temperature for certain specified internal tire locations, is not the same for these two test conditions. It is typically higher for the laboratory roadwheel at equal load, speed and inflation pressure conditions due to the curvature effect.1.1.2 The practice applies to specific operating conditions of load range F through L for such commercial radial truck-bus tires.1.1.3 The specific operating conditions under which the procedures of the practice are valid and useful are completely outlined in Section 6 (Limitations) of this standard.1.1.4 It is important to note that this standard is composed of two distinct formats:1.1.4.1 The usual text format as published in this volume of the Book of Standards (Vol 09.02).1.1.4.2 A special interactive electronic format that uses a special software tool, designated as prediction profilers or profilers. This special profiler may be used to determine laboratory test conditions that provide equivalent tire internal temperatures for the tread centerline, belt edge, or ply ending region for the two operational conditions, that is, the curved laboratory roadwheel and flat highway test surfaces.1.2 The prediction profilers are based on empirically developed linear regression models obtained from the analysis of a large database that was obtained from a comprehensive experimental test program for roadwheel and flat surface testing of typical commercial truck and bus tires. See Section 7 and References (1, 2)2,3 for more details.1.2.1 For users viewing the standard on CD-ROM or PDF, with an active and working internet connection, the profilers can be accessed on the ASTM website by clicking on the links in 7.5 and 7.6.1.2.2 For users viewing the standard in a printed format, the profilers can be accessed by entering the links to the ASTM website in 7.5 and 7.6 into their internet browsers.1.3 For this standard, SI units shall be used, except where indicated.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers Aluminum 1350 bar for electric conductors in the tempers. The tempers are designated as H12, H112, and H111. The products covered by this specification shall be produced by extruding or rolling. Bars in the H12 temper shall be furnished with a rolled mill finish; bars in the H111 temper, with an as-extruded mill finish; and bars in the H112 temper, with a rolled mill finish except that the edges shall be as sawed. The bars shall be subjected to tension test to determine their tensile and yield strengths. Bars in the H12, and H111, and H112 tempers shall be capable of being bent flatwise at room temperature, through an angle of 90° around a pin or mandrel having a radius equal to the thickness of the specimen, without cracking or evidence of slivers or other imperfections. For a flatwise bend, the pin or mandrel shall be 90° from the working (extrusion or rolling) direction, and across the greater (width) dimension of the bar. The required 90° bend shall be in the working (extrusion or rolling) direction. Bars in the H12 and H111 tempers whose width-to-thickness ratios are not in excess of 12 and whose width is 100 mm or less, shall be capable of being bent at room temperature edgewise 90° around a mandrel without cracking or localized thinning to less than 90 % of the maximum thickness within the central 60° of the bend when measured along the outer edge of the bend. Electrical resistivity and conductivity shall be measured.1.1 This specification covers Aluminum 1350 bar for electric conductors in the tempers shown in Table 1.1.2 Aluminum and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1/H35.1(M). The equivalent Unified Numbering System designation is A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.NOTE 1: For Alloy 6101 bus conductors, refer to Specification B317/B317M.NOTE 2: Prior to 1975, Aluminum 1350 was designated as EC aluminum.1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers Aluminum 1350 bar for electric conductors in the tempers. The tempers are designated as H12, H112, and H111. The products covered by this specification shall be produced by extruding or rolling. Bars in the H12 temper shall be furnished with a rolled mill finish; bars in the H111 temper, with an as-extruded mill finish; and bars in the H112 temper, with a rolled mill finish except that the edges shall be as sawed. The bars shall be subjected to tension test to determine their tensile and yield strengths. Bars in the H12, and H111, and H112 tempers shall be capable of being bent flatwise at room temperature, through an angle of 90° around a pin or mandrel having a radius equal to the thickness of the specimen, without cracking or evidence of slivers or other imperfections. For a flatwise bend, the pin or mandrel shall be 90° from the working (extrusion or rolling) direction, and across the greater (width) dimension of the bar. The required 90° bend shall be in the working (extrusion or rolling) direction. Bars in the H12 and H111 tempers whose width-to-thickness ratios are not in excess of 12 and whose width is 100 mm or less, shall be capable of being bent at room temperature edgewise 90° around a mandrel without cracking or localized thinning to less than 90 % of the maximum thickness within the central 60° of the bend when measured along the outer edge of the bend. Electrical resistivity and conductivity shall be measured.1.1 This specification covers Aluminum 1350 bar for electric conductors in the tempers shown in Table 1.(A) For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, each value for tensile strength and yield strength shall be rounded to the nearest 1 MPa in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.(B) See Appendix X2.1.2 Aluminum and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1M. The equivalent Unified Numbering System designation is A91350 in accordance with Practice E527.NOTE 1: For Alloy 6101 bus conductors, refer to Specification B317/B317M.NOTE 2: Prior to 1975, Aluminum 1350 was designated as EC aluminum.1.3 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification B236.1.4 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A1.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元