定价： 293元 / 折扣价： 250 元

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field to evaluate the cleanliness of distillate fuels, and liquid biofuels, such as biodiesel and diesel blends. This specific test method and the precision statement applies to off-line analysis.NOTE 5: These PCMs can be used for high pressure on-line applications as well, however the repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) for on-line application were not established.5.2 An increase in particulate counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused for example by contamination during storage or transfer. Potential causes of particulates formation during storage could be “fuel-degradation products,” as described in Specification D975, Appendix X3.5.3 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages (especially when the particles are close in size to the filter porosity rating) and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons, and other moving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of particles is also known from other sources.5.4 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (A1.2.1). Some specific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands. The particle count from the test should be carefully interpreted by the user as it can potentially over-state risk of abrasive damage or filter blocking due to counting water droplets as well as hard dirt particles.5.5 In situations where there is a requirement for the calibration of the apparatus to be solely in accordance with ISO 11171, Test Methods D7619, IP 565, or IP 577 may be used.1.1 This test method uses specific particle contamination monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particulates, in middle distillate fuel, in the overall range from 4 µm to 70 µm and in the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, ≥14 µm, and ≥30 µm.NOTE 1: The term particle contamination monitor, as used in this test method, is the same as that defined in ISO 21018-4; an instrument that automatically measures the concentrations of particles suspended in a fluid at certain sizes and cannot be calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171 whose output may be as a particle size distribution at limited sizes or as a contamination code.1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 14 for more information.NOTE 2: ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-83133, MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.NOTE 3: For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a circle for the purposes of this test method. The detector is unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.NOTE 4: This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 70 µm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm. All measurements are counts per millilitre.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This practice establishes the standard procedures (including apparatus, reagents, and materials to be used) for taking samples of airborne particulate matter in a specific area in the aerospace industry, commonly called the cleanroom, where aerospace fluids are handled. This practiced is based on the impingement of particles on a filter membrane using a vacuum technique. The number of air samples required in a given area will depend on the geometric floor area, the disturbance to the uninterrupted airflow pattern, and the room volume.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for sampling airborne particulate matter larger than 5 m in size. The method is designed to be used in specific areas, commonly called cleanrooms in the aerospace industry, where aerospace fluids are handled.Note 1Practice F 50 is an alternative procedure.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Spacecraft have consistently had the problem of contamination of thermal control surfaces from line-of-sight warm surfaces on the vehicle, outgassing of materials and subsequent condensation on critical surfaces, such as solar arrays, moving mechanical assemblies, cryogenic insulation schemes, and electrical contacts, control jet effects, and other forms of expelling molecules in a vapor stream. To this has been added the need to protect optical components, either at ambient or cryogenic temperatures, from the minutest deposition of contaminants because of their absorptance, reflectance or scattering characteristics. Much progress has been accomplished in this area, such as the careful testing of each material for outgassing characteristics before the material is used on the spacecraft (following Test Methods E595 and E1559), but measurement and control of critical surfaces during spaceflight still can aid in the determination of location and behavior of outgassing materials.1.1 This practice provides guidance for making decisions concerning the use of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a thermoelectrically cooled quartz crystal microbalance (TQCM) in space where contamination problems on spacecraft are likely to exist. Careful adherence to this document should ensure adequate measurement of condensation of molecular constituents that are commonly termed “contamination” on spacecraft surfaces.1.2 A corollary purpose is to provide choices among the flight-qualified QCMs now existing to meet specific needs.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice provides a protocol to compare different decontamination technologies with a standard contamination mechanism and analysis of subsequent decontamination factors/efficiencies.5.2 The use of this practice provides for the preparation of test coupons with a known amount of fixed radiological or surrogate contaminant on the surface.5.3 A standard test coupon is described and a list of potential spray equipment, contaminants, and contaminating solutions is provided within the procedure.5.4 This method describes a contamination simulation process that meets the requirements of testing performed (previously) by the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.1.1 This practice is intended to provide a basis for simulating radioactive contamination consistent with processes used to evaluate decontamination. The methods described provide a “fixed-type” radiological or surrogate contamination on porous surfaces; these methods provide a surface contamination that is not easily removed by brushing or flushing with water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This practice is intended to be practiced primarily on porous surfaces such as concrete, marble, granite, grout, brick, tile, asphalt, vinyl floor tile, latex painted gypsum wall board and polyurethane coated wood. Preparation of non-porous substrates is not addressed, although similar methodology may be used.1.4 The chemical simulants shall not include nor generate toxic by-products as defined by U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) during preparation, application, or removal under normal conditions. A Safety Data Sheet shall be provided so that appropriate PPE can be selected.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification is intended to provide a basis for identification of non-removable permanent foaming fixatives as a long-term measure used to immobilize or isolate radioactive contamination, or both, minimize worker exposure, and to protect uncontaminated areas against the spread of radioactive contamination.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The tape lift provides a rapid and simple technique for removing particles from a surface and determining their number and size distribution.3.2 By using statistically determined sample size and locations, an estimate of the surface cleanliness level of large areas can be made. The user shall define the sampling plan.3.3 The sampling plan shall consider the importance of surface geometry and surface orientation to gas flow, gravity, obstructions, and previous history of hardware. These factors influence particle fallout and entrapment of particles on the surface. The geometry of joints, recessed areas, fasteners, and the correspondence of particle-count data to area can be maintained.3.4 The selection of tape and the verification of its effect on the cleanliness of the hardware is very important. The tape adhesive should have sufficient cohesion to avoid transfer of the adhesive to the surface under test. The impact of adhesive transfer should be evaluated by laboratory testing before using the tape on the hardware. Since potential for adhesive transfer exists, cleaning to remove any adhesive might be required. In addition, the tape should have low outgassing characteristics, and as a minimum, it should meet the requirements of less than 1.0 % total mass loss (TML) and 0.1 % collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM), as measured by Test Method E595.3.5 Care should be exercised in deciding which surfaces should be tested by this practice. The tape can remove marginally adhering paint and coatings. Optical surfaces should not be tested until verification has been made that the surface coating will not be damaged. The minimum effectiveness of particle removal from smooth surfaces and angles down to 90° for all practice methods is 90 % for particles larger than 5 μm. Rough surface finishes result in low removal efficiencies. Surface finishes up to approximately 3.20 μm (125 μin.) have been tested and found to give satisfactory results.3.6 This practice has been tested only on surfaces at room temperature. Evaluation of temperature effects must be conducted prior to using the test on surfaces other than room temperature.3.7 Only personnel experienced in microscopic particle-counting techniques should be used to count and size the particles.1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling surfaces to determine the presence of particulate contamination, 5 μm and larger. The practice consists of the application of a pressure-sensitive tape to the surface followed by the removal of particulate contamination with the removal of the tape. The tape with the adhering particles is then mounted on counting slides. Counting and measuring of particles is done by standard techniques.1.2 This practice describes the materials and equipment required to perform sampling of surfaces for particle counting and sizing.1.3 The criteria for acceptance or rejection of a part for conformance to surface cleanliness level requirements shall be determined by the user and are not included in this practice.1.4 This practice is for use on surfaces that are not damaged by the application of adhesive tape. The use of this practice on any surface of any material not previously tested, or for which the susceptibility to damage is unknown, is not recommended. In general, metals, metal plating, and oxide coatings will not be damaged. Application to painted, vapor deposited, and optical coatings should be evaluated before implementing this test.1.5 This practice provides three methods to evaluate tape lift tests, as follows:Practice Sections   A—This method uses light transmitted through the tape and tape adhesive to detect particles that adhere to it. 4 to 6 B—This method uses light transmitted through the tape adhesive after bonding to a base microscope slide, dissolving the tape backing, and a cover slide. The particles are embedded in the adhesive, and air bubbles are eliminated with acrylic mounting media. 7 to 9 C—This method uses light reflected off the tape adhesive to detect particles that adhere to it. 10 to 121.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This procedure is used to determine the effects of water-related contaminants on the odor and taste of exposed fish. This procedure may be used as evidence in showing compliance with regulatory procedures.5.2 This guide is designed for use by fish processors or research laboratories for evaluations by a trained and monitored sensory panel under the supervision of a sensory professional.1.1 This guide covers procedures for determination of the effects of water-related contaminants on the odor and taste of live fish or fishery products after alleged exposure where flavor impairment is a suspected issue.1.2 This guide addresses safety, harvested quality, sample preparation, assessor selection and training, testing procedures with assessor instructions, as well as test environment and parameters.1.3 This guide is applicable to product categories from aquaculture and wild-caught sectors. The range of contaminated products could be from a small-scale water source, such as an estuary, or a limited river system, to a large-scale source, such as a bay, gulf or portion of an ocean. For details on how these methods compare to field- or laboratory-exposed fishery samples, see Ref (1).21.4 Also covered in this guide are fish species, harvest method (wild-caught versus aquaculture/farmed fish), post-harvest handling, processing methods, and storage.1.5 This guide provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effective. It also does not address all of the nuances of testing throughout the world. It is the responsibility of the user to be aware of their local guidelines and apply them as needed. Some useful resources are also cited in this guide.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice provides for the processing of liquid samples. It will provide the optimum sample processing for visual contamination methods such as Test Methods F312.1.1 This practice covers the processing of in-service fluids in preparation for particulate contamination analysis using membrane filters and is limited only by the liquid-to-membrane filter compatibility.1.2 The practice covers the procedure for filtering a measured volume of liquid through a membrane filter. When this practice is used, the particulate matter will be randomly distributed on the filter surface for subsequent contamination analysis methods.1.3 The practice describes procedures to allow handling particles in the size range between 2 µm and 1000 μm with minimum losses during handling.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Presence of paper, metal, or incompatible polymer contamination in poly(ethylene terephthalate) renders the recycled polymer unfit for use in secondary product manufacturing operations. This procedure is useful for identifying different types of contamination in recycled PET flakes.1.1 This practice covers an indication of the quality of recycled transparent poly(ethylene terephthalate) by examination of a wafer or plaque formed by melting a representative sample and quenching it to prevent crystallization.1.2 Specific contaminants and impurities such as aluminum particles, dirt particles, paper, and fibers are identified in the transparent wafer. This method is only limited to contamination observable through visual methods. If there are low levels (0–200 ppm) of certain types of contamination, which are transparent and partially/wholly miscible with PET, they will not be apparent through this method.1.3 The overall color of the plaque is indicative of oxidizable contaminants such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) glue residue and the number of bubbles present in the plaque gives an indication of the moisture content of the sample.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 It has long been the practice to include in fuel specifications a requirement that the fuel be clear and bright and free of visible particulate matter (see Note 1). However, there has been no standard method for making this determination so that practices have differed. This test method provides standard procedures for the test.NOTE 1: Clean and bright is sometimes used in place of clear and bright. The meaning is identical.5.2 Procedure 1 provides a rapid pass/fail method for contamination in a distillate fuel. Procedure 2 provides a gross numerical rating of haze appearance, primarily as a communication tool. Other test methods, including Test Methods D2276, D2709, and D4860, permit quantitative determinations of contaminants. No relationship has been established between Procedure 2 and these quantitative methods.5.2.1 Test Method D8148 has established a correlating relationship with Procedure 2 appearance rating numbers by reporting a correlating instrument haze rating (IHR) based upon its spectroscopically determined haze clarity index (HCI). Supporting data can be found in RR:D02-1876.55.3 Limited laboratory evaluations of samples that have failed this clear and bright test indicate that an experienced tester can detect as little as 40 ppm of free water in the fuel.1.1 This test method covers two procedures for estimating the presence of suspended free water and solid particulate contamination in distillate fuels having distillation end points below 400 °C and an ASTM color of 5 or less.1.1.1 Both procedures can be used as field tests at storage temperatures, or as laboratory tests at controlled temperatures.1.1.2 Procedure 1 provides a rapid pass/fail method for contamination. Procedure 2 provides a gross numerical rating of haze appearance.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 It is expected that this practice will be suitable to identify and quantify contaminants found in systems, system materials, and components used in systems requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as components for oxygen service. Nonmetallic piece parts such as seals and valve seats can be tested as received. Warning—If parts being tested are to be subsequently installed in an oxygen-enriched system, residual extraction solvent remaining in the part due to inadequate drying may increase the susceptibility of the system to ignition. The extraction solvent shall be thoroughly removed from the parts prior to service.5.2 Processing materials such as gloves and wipers, or samples thereof, to be used in the cleaning operation can be evaluated prior to use to ensure that the proposed cleaning solvent does not extract contaminants that may be deposited as residues on the surface to be cleaned.NOTE 1: Test methods that do not require Soxhlet equipment, such as Test Methods E1560 and E1731, may be suitable alternatives for evaluation of processing materials. Test Method G144 with Practice G136 may be suitable for use when the material to be tested is not degraded by sonication. However, results from this test method cannot be directly compared to results from other test methods. Soxhlet extraction may be more aggressive than other extraction methods.5.3 Wipers or other cleaning supplies can be tested before and after use to determine the amount of contaminant removed from a surface. The type of contaminant removed from the surface may also be determined by qualitative analysis of the extracted NVR using analytical methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). This procedure can be used to obtain samples for NVR analysis using contaminated control coupons that were subjected to the cleaning process as controls to validate cleaning operations.5.4 The selection of the solvent requires some knowledge of the contaminant (see Practice G93 for recommendations). If a nonvolatile residue (NVR) analysis is to be performed on the molecular contaminant, the boiling point of the solvent shall be significantly lower than that of the contaminant. For other analytical methods, the tester must know the accuracy of the analytical methods, and the solvent shall be chosen so as not to interfere with the selected analytical method. To identify the composition of the NVR, analytical methods such as infrared spectroscopy or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy have been used satisfactorily.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the determination of residual contamination in materials to be used within or in contact with hardware requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as components for oxygen service, by Soxhlet extraction.1.2 This practice may be used for extracting nonvolatile and semivolatile residues from solids such as new and used gloves, new and used wipers, contaminated test specimens or control coupons, small piece parts (metallic or nonmetallic), etc. When used with proposed consumable cleaning materials (wipers, gloves, etc.), this practice may be used to determine the potential of the proposed solvent to extract contaminants (plasticizers, residual detergents, brighteners, etc.) from the cleaning material and deposit them on the surface being cleaned.1.3 This practice is not suitable for the evaluation of particulate contamination.1.4 The values stated in SI units are standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers the rapid identification of nonmetallic, fibrous contaminants by the microscopical examination of their morphology. The procedure is intended either to provide tentative identification or to serve as a supporting test in confirming the identity of suspected fibrous contaminants. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元