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5.1 The objective of this guide is to describe procedures and data sources for conducting risk characterization of acute inhalation exposure to chemicals emitted from bedding sets. Risk characterization can be used to identify chemical(s) that pose potentially significant human health risks for the scenario(s) and population(s) selected for exposure assessment. Such identification of chemicals can help in identifying the components or materials used in the manufacture of bedding sets that should be further examined. Risk characterization also includes an assessment of potential odors associated with individual chemicals emitted by the bedding set.1.1 This guide describes procedures for conducting risk characterization of exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets or an ensemble of a mattress and supporting box spring.1.2 This guide is for risk characterization of short-term exposures to a new bedding set brought into a residential indoor environment. The risk characterization considerations presented in this guide are applicable to both the general population and sensitive subgroups, such as convalescing adults.1.3 The risk characterization addressed in this guide is limited to acute health and irritation effects resulting from short-term exposure to VOCs in indoor air. Although certain procedures described in this guide may be applicable to assessing long-term exposure, the guide is not intended to address cancer and other chronic health effects.1.4 VOC emissions from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products are new. A used bedding set may also emit VOCs, either from the original materials or as a result of its use. The procedures presented in this guide also are applicable to used bedding sets.1.5 Risk characterization procedures described in this guide should be carried out under the supervision of a qualified toxicologist or risk assessment specialist, or both.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

5.1 Manufacturers of carpet need to monitor emissions of VOCs to assess the environmental impact of their products indoors. These results are also used to demonstrate compliance with VOC emission limits for individual VOCs.5.2 These data are also used to understand which VOCs are emitted from a product or material and to measure the magnitude of those emissions.5.3 Emission data may be used to compare different lots of carpet of the same materials of construction, or carpets composed of different materials of construction, in order to develop products with lower emissions and lower potential environmental impact.5.4 This test method should be used in conjunction with practices/guidelines for emissions testing such as Guide D5116, Practice D7143, Practice D7706, ISO 16000-9, and ISO 16000-10. These detail how to select and prepare samples and how and when to carry out emissions tests such that the concentration and profile of vapors in the exhaust air of the emission chamber/cell are representative of the product under test. This test method covers the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds in the exhaust gas from the chamber/cell using thermal desorption—compatible sorbent tubes and will provide the necessary analytical consistency to ensure that reproducible data is obtained for the analysis of identical vapor samples by different laboratories.1.1 This test method describes an analytical procedure for identifying and quantifying the masses of individual volatile organic compounds (individual VOCs or IVOCs) that are emitted into a flow of air from carpet specimens and collected on sorbent sampling tubes during emissions testing.1.2 This test method will be used in conjunction with a standard practice for sampling and preparing carpet specimens for emissions testing. If a specific chamber practice is not available for the carpet specimens, this test method should be used in conjunction with approved standard practices for emissions testing and sample preparation.1.3 When used in conjunction with standard practices for carpet specimen preparation and collection of vapor-phase emissions , this test method will provide a standardized means of determining the levels of IVOC in the exhaust stream of the emissions test chamber/cell. If this test method is used with a reliable practice for emissions testing, these IVOC levels can be used to determine the emission rate from a unit quantity (usually surface area) of the sample material under test.1.4 VOCs in the exhaust stream of an emissions test device are collected on thermal desorption tubes packed with a specific combination of sorbents using active (pumped) sampling. (See Practice D6196 for a more general description of vapor collection using pumped sampling onto sorbent tubes.) The samples are analyzed by thermal desorption (TD) with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS) and/or flame ionization detection (FID) depending upon the requirements of the specific materials emissions testing/certification protocol.1.5 This test method can be used for the measurement of most GC-compatible organic vapors ranging from the approximate volatility from n-hexane to n-hexadecane (that is, compounds with vapor pressures ranging from 16 kPa to 4 × 10-4 kPa at 25°C). Properties other than a compound’s vapor pressure such as affinity for the sorbent may need to be taken into account. Compounds with vapor pressures outside this range may or may not be quantifiable by this test method. However, qualitative data concerning the identity of a compound(s), outside the stated volatility range for quantitation, may still be useful to the user. This test method can be applied to analytes over a wide concentration range—typically 1 μg/m3 to 1 mg/m3 concentration of vapor in the exhaust air from the emission cell or chamber.1.6 This test method is not capable of quantifying all compounds which are emitted from carpets. See the appropriate test practices/methods for determining other compounds that are not amenable to analysis by gas chromatography (that is, Test Method D5197 for the determination of aldehydes).1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Latex paints, alkyd paints, and primers are used as coatings for walls, wooden trim, and furnishings in occupied buildings. Paint may be applied to large surface areas and may be applied repeatedly during the lifetime of a building. VOCs are emitted from paint after application to surfaces.5.2 Many other types of architectural coatings may be used in large quantities indoors in buildings. In particular, many different types of coatings are used for floors including wood floor stains and finishes and concrete sealers, hardeners, and stains. Two component finishes are often mixed on site and are applied to floors and other surfaces to create a finished surface.5.3 There is a need for standardized procedures for measuring the emissions of VOCs from paint and coating samples that can be reproduced by different laboratories and that can used for the assessment of the acceptability of VOC emissions from paints and coatings that are intended for use indoors in occupied spaces. This practice describes standardized procedures that can be incorporated into test methods used for the purpose of estimating the impacts of cured paints and coatings on indoor air quality. Different procedures are required for the estimation of VOC exposures to workers applying such products.1.1 This practice describes procedures for testing the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, and other carbonyl compounds, from alkyd paint, latex paint, primer, and other architectural coating samples using a small-scale environmental chamber test facility.1.2 This practice describes the requirements for the chamber test facility, the small-scale test chamber, the clean air supply system, the environmental controls, the environmental monitoring and data acquisition system, and the chamber air sampling system.1.3 This practice describes procedures for documenting the paint and coating samples and for the handling and storage of these samples including splitting of samples into smaller containers for storage and subsequent testing.1.4 This practice identifies appropriate substrates to be used for the preparation of test specimens of paints and coatings, as well as procedures for preparing substrates for use.1.5 This practice provides detailed procedures for preparing test specimens of paint and coating samples.1.6 This practice generally describes chamber test procedures and chamber air sampling procedures. The details of these procedures are dependent upon the objectives of the test.1.7 This practice does not recommend specific methods for sampling and analysis of VOCs, formaldehyde, and other carbonyl compounds. The appropriate methods are dependent upon the objectives of the test.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

5.1 Greenhouse gases are reported to be a major contributor to global warming. Since “biomass CO2” emitted from combustion devices represents a net-zero carbon contribution to the atmosphere (that is, plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere and subsequent combustion returns it), it does not contribute additional CO2 to the atmosphere. The measurement of biomass (biogenic) CO2 allows regulators and stationary source owners/operators to determine the ratio of fossil-derived CO2 and biomass CO2 in developing control strategies and to meet federal, state, local and regional greenhouse gas reporting requirements.5.2 The distinction of the two types of CO2 has financial, control and regulatory implications.1.1 This practice defines specific procedures for the collection of gas samples from stationary emission sources for subsequent laboratory determination of the ratio of biomass (biogenic) carbon to total carbon (fossil derived carbon plus biomass or biogenic carbon) in accordance with Test Methods D6866.1.2 This practice applies to stationary sources that burn municipal solid waste or a combination of fossil fuel (for example, coal, oil, natural gas) and biomass fuel (for example, wood, wood waste, paper, agricultural waste, biogas) in boilers, combustion turbines, incinerators, kilns, internal combustion engines and other combustion devices.1.3 This practice applies to the collection of integrated samples over periods from 1 hour to 24 hours, or longer.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Compliance with national and local air emission regulations create the need to determine volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from adhesive-bonded structural wood products.5.2 This method has been used to estimate the types and amounts of certain VOC that are emitted during production operations.5.3 The method was originally developed to measure the methanol, formaldehyde, and phenol emitted in a laboratory setting that is designed to simulate the hot pressing, and post pressing conditions of hot stacking and cool down period for exterior plywood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) processes. This current method generalizes the concept for adhesive-bonded wood products.1.1 This test method provides a method for the collection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are emitted during the manufacture of engineered wood products using a laboratory environment designed to simulate a defined production process. The method is used for the determination of the amounts of methanol, formaldehyde, phenol and other VOC that may be emitted during conditions designed to simulate production such as hot pressing, the conditions of ‘hot stacking’ and ‘cool-down’ that occurs post-press.1.2 The test method was originally developed to measure certain VOC from exterior plywood meeting Voluntary Product Standard PS 1–09 and structural composite lumber products such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL) meeting Specification D5456. Both of these product types are typically manufactured using phenol-formaldehyde resin based adhesives that meet Specification D2559.1.3 The test method is suitable for many types of wood products bonded with adhesives.1.4 This test method is specific for collecting VOC during simulated production of wood products and is not designed to determine general organic emissions from all indoor materials or sources.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures for estimating emission profiles of VOCs from bedding sets. These profiles can then be used to estimate human inhalation exposures to VOCs emitted from bedding sets. The estimated inhalation exposures ultimately can be used as an input to characterization of health risks from short–term VOC exposures.5.2 The results of emissions testing for specific raw materials and components, or processes used in manufacturing different bedding sets, can be used to compare their relative impacts on airborne concentrations.1.1 This practice covers the procedures for estimating emission profiles of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from bedding sets when a new bedding set is first brought into a house, based on emissions testing in environmental chambers.1.2 Emission profiles from bedding sets are determined from air concentrations measured in environmental chambers.1.3 VOC emissions from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products are new. Procedures described in this practice also are applicable to used bedding sets.1.4 The practice is applicable to VOCs and not to semi-volatile organic chemicals or nonvolatile organic chemicals.1.5 This practice summarizes procedures for sample selection and handling. This practice also refers to pertinent sampling procedures and analytical methods for emission testing, but does not include technical details on selection of appropriate collection media and analytical methods or on sampling and analytical equipment and associated procedures.1.6 Emission profiles based on this practice may be used for estimating human exposures to VOCs.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide procedures for estimation of human inhalation exposure to VOCs emitted from bedding sets in homes. The estimated inhalation exposure can be used as an input for characterization of health risks from short-term VOC exposures.5.2 The results of exposure estimation for specific raw materials and components, or processes used in manufacturing different bedding sets, can be used to compare their relative impacts on exposures.1.1 This practice describes the procedures for estimation of short-term human inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from bedding sets when a new bedding set is first brought into a bedroom.1.2 The estimated exposure is based on an estimated emission profile of VOCs from bedding sets.1.3 The VOC emission from bedding sets, as in the case of other household furnishings, usually are highest when the products are new. Procedures described in this practice are applicable to both new and used bedding sets.1.4 Exposure to airborne VOC emissions in a residence is estimated for a household member, based on location and activity patterns.1.5 The estimated exposure may be used for characterization of health risks that could result from short-term exposures to VOC emissions.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车