定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.5.2 The fractions made by this test method can be used alone or in combination with other fractions to produce samples for analytical studies and quality evaluations.5.3 Residues to be used in the manufacture of asphalt can also be made but may not always be suitable. The long heat soaking that occurs in this test method may alter some of the properties.NOTE 1: While the practice of reblending distillates with residue can be done to produce a lighter residue, it is not recommended because it produces blends with irregular properties.5.4 Details of cutpoints must be mutually agreed upon before the test begins.5.5 This is a complex procedure involving many interacting variables. It is most important that at the time of first use of a new apparatus, its components be checked as detailed in Annex A1 and Annex A2 and that the location of the vapor temperature sensor be verified as detailed in 6.5.3 and Fig. 1.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (300 °F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565 °C (1050 °F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400 °C (752 °F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (302 °F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:1.5.1 Annex A1—Test Method for Determination of Temperature Response Time,1.5.2 Annex A2—Practice for Calibration of Sensors,1.5.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet Sample of Oil,1.5.4 Annex A4—Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), and1.5.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of Wettage.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.7, and A2.3.1.3.1.8 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for low silicate ethylene glycol base engine coolants for cooling systems of heavy-duty engines. Such engines are typically used in off-highway machinery for agriculture, mining, earth-moving, and construction; Class 5 to 8 over the road trucks and buses; high output stationary engine installations; and locomotive and marine installations. Prediluted coolants shall be prepared using deionized Ethylene glycol base engine coolant concentrates or prediluted ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall be formulated with ethylene glycol. The coolants shall conform to the prescribed physical, chemical, and performance requirements, which include relative density, freezing point, boiling point, ash content, pH, reserve alkalinity, water content, chloride ion content, silicon content, corrosion in glassware, simulated service test, foaming, and cavitation. The color and effect of nonmetals of the coolant shall be evaluated. Prediluted coolant shall also meet the required content of sulfate and iron. Its CaCO3 content shall be tested to determine its hardness.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for low silicate ethylene glycol base engine coolants for cooling systems of heavy-duty engines. When concentrates are used at 40 % to 60 % concentration by volume in water, or when prediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volume % minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against corrosion, freezing to at least −36.4 °C (−33.5 °F), and boiling to at least 108 °C (226 °F).NOTE 1: This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients. A separate specification exists (Specification D6210) for heavy-duty engine coolants which may be prepared from recycled or reprocessed used coolant or reprocessed industrial-source ethylene glycol.1.2 Coolants meeting this specification require an initial charge of a supplemental coolant additive (SCA) and require regular maintenance doses of an SCA to continue the protection in certain operating heavy-duty engine cooling systems, particularly those of the wet cylinder liner-in-block design. The SCA additions are defined by and are the primary responsibility of the engine manufacturer or vehicle manufacturer. If they provide no instructions, follow the SCA supplier's recommended instructions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers cast alloy steels in the normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered condition, suitable for high strain gradient conditions. One test block for each heat is required. The test block configuration and size are specified. Tension and Charpy impact tests and oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen gas content tests shall be performed. The steel shall be made by electric furnace process with methods, such as argon-oxygen-decarburization, to conform to the maximum gas level. Heat treatment procedure shall be done. Multiple austenitizing and tempering are permitted. The chemistry grade shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and aluminum. Residual elements include: zirconium, copper, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, columbium, and boron. A product analysis shall be made for specification conformance. Casting shell and core depth zone shall be established and examined. Repair methods such as grinding and welding are detailed.1.1 This specification covers cast alloy steels in the normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered condition, in section sizes through 37 in. (940 mm), suitable for high-strain gradient conditions such as those encountered in hooks, shackles, support frames, and other lifting devices. The classes of steel in this specification are weldable only with qualified procedures.1.2 Section range and class selection will depend on design and service conditions. Users should note that this specification contemplates mechanical property gradients.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to this specification and SI units for material ordered to this specification.1.4 If, by agreement, castings are to be supplied in a partially completed condition, that is, all of the provisions of the product specification have not been filled, then the material marking (see Section 15) and certification (see Section 14) are to reflect the extent to which the product specification requirements have been met.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Automatic determination of stability parameters using a light back-scattering technique improves accuracy and removes human errors. In manual testing, operators have to visually compare oil stains on pieces of filter paper to determine if asphaltenes have been precipitated.5.2 Refinery thermal and hydrocracking processes can be run closer to their severity limits if stability parameters can be calculated more accurately. This gives increased yield and profitability.5.3 Results from the test method could be used to set a standard specification for stability parameters for fuel oils.5.4 The compatibility parameters of crude oils can be used in crude oil blending in refineries to determine, in advance, which crude oil blends will be compatible and thus can be used to minimize plugging problems, unit shut downs, and maintenance costs. Determination of crude oil compatibility parameters also enables refineries to select crude oil mixtures more economically.5.5 This test method can measure stability and compatibility parameters, and determine stability reserve on different blends for particular applications to optimize the blending, storage, and use of heavy fuel oilsNOTE 1: Users of this test method would normally use stability and compatibility parameters to determine stability reserve of residual products, fuel blends and crude oils. However, the interpretation of stability, stability reserve and compatibility is heavily ‘use dependent,’ and is beyond the scope of this test method.1.1 This test method covers an automated procedure involving titration and optical detection of precipitated asphaltenes for determining the stability and compatibility parameters of refinery residual streams, residual fuel oils, and crude oils. Stability in this context is the ability to maintain asphaltenes in a peptized or dissolved state and not undergo flocculation or precipitation. Similarly, compatibility relates to the property of mixing two or more oils without precipitation or flocculation of asphaltenes.1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from atmospheric and vacuum distillation, from thermal, catalytic, and hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifications D396, Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880, Grades No. 3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products contain 0.05 mass % or greater concentration of asphaltenes.1.3 This test method is not relevant to oils that contain less than 0.05 % asphaltenes, and would be pointless to apply to unstable oils that already contain flocculated asphaltenes.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification deals with the hot-rolled, heavy thickness coils available for three designations: alloy steel, drawing steel, and structural alloy steel. Alloy steel is intended for general or miscellaneous use where bending and moderate forming is required. Drawing steel is used for severe cold plastic deformation such as deep drawn or severely formed parts. The material is available only in coils such as strip and sheet. As-rolled and annealed heat treatment shall be used for manufacturing the material. Drawing steel shall be furnished with a spheroidized annealed heat treatment unless otherwise specified. Heat analysis shall conform to the required grade specified for standard alloy steel, nonstandard alloy steel, and structural alloy steel. Grades shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium. Mechanical tests for regular quality alloy steel and strip are not applicable; but for drawing steel and structural alloy steel, tension and hardness tests are required.1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled, heavy thickness coils beyond the size limits of Specifications A506 and A507.1.2 The product is available in three designations: Alloy Steel, Drawing Steel, and Structural Alloy Steel.1.3 Alloy steel is furnished to chemical composition requirements and is intended primarily for general or miscellaneous use where bending and moderate forming is a requirement.1.4 Drawing steel is produced principally for applications involving severe cold plastic deformation such as deep drawn or severely formed parts.1.4.1 Drawing steel may be furnished in several conditions, heat treatments, surface finishes, and edges, as specified herein.1.5 Structural steel is furnished to chemical composition requirements and to specific mechanical property requirements which may include tension tests, hardness tests, or other commonly accepted mechanical tests.1.5.1 The formability of structural steel decreases with increasing yield strength or hardness. Therefore, product design in relation to the mechanical properties of the grade used must be considered.1.6 This material is available only in coils described as follows:Product Size Limits, Coils OnlyWidth, in. [mm] Thickness, in. [mm]Strip Over 8 to 12, incl 0.230 to 1.000, incl  [Over 200 to 300] [Over 6.0 to 25]Sheet Over 12 0.230 to 1.000, incl  [Over 300] [from 6.0 through 25]1.7 Sheet and strip in coils of sizes noted in 1.6 are covered by this specification only with the following provisions:1.7.1 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils). A plate produced in this manner is no longer governed by this sheet steel specification and since this material is now plate, the appropriate plate standard must now apply.1.7.2 The dimensional tolerances of Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced to this specification.1.7.3 The material is to be fed directly from coils into a blanking press, drawing or forming operation, tube mill, rolling mill, or sheared or slit into blanks for subsequent drawing or forming.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.TABLE 1 Standard Steels Commonly Produced for Alloy Steel Sheet and StripSteelDesignationNo. Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits, % (Heat Analysis)A  C Mn P S SiB Ni Cr Mo VE3310C 0.08-0.13 0.45-0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 3.25-3.75 1.40-1.75 . . . . . .4012C 0.09-0.14 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . . . . 0.15-0.25 . . .4118 0.18-0.23 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.40-0.60 0.08-0.15 . . .4130 0.28–0.33 0.40–0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80–1.10 015–0.25 . . .4135 0.33-0.38 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 0.15-0.25 . . .4137 0.35-0.40 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 0.15-0.25 . . .4140 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80–1.10 0.15-0.25 . . .4142 0.40-0.45 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 0.15-0.25 . . .4145 0.43-0.48 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 0.15-0.25 . . .4147C 0.45-0.50 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 0.15-0.25 . . .4150 0.48-0.53 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 0.15-0.25 . . .4320 0.17-0.22 0.45-0.65 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 0.40-0.60 0.20-0.30 . . .4340 0.38–0.43 0.60–0.80 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20-0.30 . . .E4340 0.38-0.43 0.65-0.85 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 0.70-0.90 0.20-0.30 . . .4520C 0.18-0.23 0.45-0.65 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . . . . 0.45-0.60 . . .4615 0.13-0.18 0.45-0.65 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 . . . 0.20-0.30 . . .4620 0.17-0.22 0.45-0.65 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 1.65-2.00 . . . 0.20-0.30 . . .4718 0.16-0.21 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.90-1.20 0.35-0.55 0.30-0.40 . . .4815 0.13-0.18 0.40-0.60 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 3.25-3.75 . . . 0.20-0.30 . . .4820 0.18-0.23 0.50-0.70 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 3.25-3.75 . . . 0.20-0.30 . . .5015 0.12-0.17 0.30-0.50 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.30-0.50 . . . . . .5046 0.43-0.50 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.20-0.35 . . . . . .5115 0.13-0.18 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.70-0.90 . . . . . .5120 0.17–0.22 0.70–0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.70–0.90 . . . . . .5130 0.28–0.33 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 . . . . . .5132 0.30–0.35 0.60-0.80 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.75-1.00 . . . . . .5140 0.38–0.43 0.70–0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.70–0.90 . . . . . .5150 0.48–0.53 0.70–0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.70–0.90 . . . . . .5160 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.70–0.90 . . . . . .E51100C 0.95–1.10 0.25-0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.90-1.15 . . . . . .E52100 0.98–1.10 0.25-0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 1.30-1.60 . . . . . .6150 0.48–0.53 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.80-1.10 . . . 0.15 min6158C 0.55–0.62 0.70–1.10 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 . . . 0.90–1.20 . . . 0.10–0.208615 0.13–0.18 0.70–0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25 . . .8617 0.15–0.20 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8620 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.035 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–.025 . . .8630 0.28–0.33 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8640 0.38–0.43 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8642C 0.40-0.45 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8645 0.43-0.48 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8650C 0.48-0.53 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8655 0.501-0.59 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8660 0.55-0.65 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.15-0.25 . . .8720 0.18-0.23 0.70-0.90 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.20-0.30 . . .8735C 0.33-0.38 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.20-0.30 . . .8740C 0.38-0.43 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 0.15-0.30 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 0.20-0.30 . . .9260 0.56-0.64 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 1.80-2.20 . . . . . . . . . . . .9262C 0.55-0.65 0.75-1.00 0.025 0.025 1.80-2.20 . .  0.25-0.40 . . . . . .E9310C 0.08-0.13 0.45-0.65 0.025 0.025 0.20-0.35 3.30-35.0 1.00-1.40 0.08-0.15 . . .(A) The chemical ranges and limits shown are subject to product analysis tolerances. See Specification A505.(B) Other silicon ranges are available. Consult the producer.(C) Not an SAE Steel Designation.1.8.1 Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solubility of pentachlorophenol wood preservative in heavy hydrocarbon solvent. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers standards for hot-rolled, heavy-thickness steel sheet and strip coils. The materials shall come in the following designations: (a) Commercial Steel (or CS) of Types A and B, and Standard Steel Designation; (b) Drawing Steel (DS) of Types A and B, and Standard Steel Designation; (c) Structural Steel (SS) of Grades 30[205], 33[230], 36[250] in Types 1 and 2, and 40[275]; (d) High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS) of Grades 45[310], 50[340], 55[380], 60[410], 65[450], and 70[480] in Classes 1 and 2; (e) High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability (HSLAS-F) of Grades 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and 80[550]; and (f) Ultra-High Strength Steel (UHSS) of Grades 90[620] and 100[690], Types 1 and 2. The strip and sheet coils shall conform to specified limit in width and thickness. Carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, silicon, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, titanium, nitrogen, and boron contents shall be followed as specified by each designations, classes, types, and grades. Tension tests shall be performed. Materials shall adhere to yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation requirements. Guidelines for workmanship, finish, and appearance are given.1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled, heavy-thickness coils beyond the size limits of Specification A1011/A1011M.1.2 The product is available in six designations: Commercial Steel, Drawing Steel, Structural Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength Steel.1.3 This material is available only in coils described as follows:Product Size Limits, Coils Only  Width, in. [mm] Thickness, in. [mm]Strip Over 8 to 12, incl[Over 200 to 300] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[From 6.0 through 25]Sheet Over 12[Over 300] 0.230 to 1.000, incl[From 6.0 through 25]NOTE 1: The changes in width limits with the publication of A635/A635M – 06a result in a change in tensile testing direction for material from 0.180 in. [4.5 mm] to 0.230 in. exclusive [6.0 mm exclusive] over 48 in. [1200 mm] wide as that material is now covered by Specification A568/A568M – 06a. The purchaser is advised to discuss this change with the supplier.1.4 Sheet and strip in coils of sizes noted in 1.3 are covered by this specification only with the following provisions:1.4.1 The material is to be fed directly from coils into a blanking press, drawing or forming operation, tube mill, rolling mill, or sheared or slit into blanks for subsequent drawing or forming.1.4.2 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils). Plate converted from coils is no longer governed by this sheet steel specification and since this material is now a plate, the requirements of the appropriate plate specification shall apply, except in cases where there is a conflict between the requirements of the plate specification and this specification. In these cases, the more restrictive limits of either specification shall apply.1.4.3 The dimensional tolerances of Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced to this specification.1.4.4 Not all strength levels are available in all thicknesses. The user should consult the producer for appropriate size limitations.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.5.2 This test method can be used by refiners and users of heavy oils, for which this test method is applicable, to estimate the stability reserves of their oils. Hence, this test method can be used by refineries to control and optimize their refinery processes. Consumers of oils can use this test method to estimate the stability reserve of their oils before, during, and after storage.5.3 This test method is not intended for predicting whether oils are compatible before mixing, but can be used for determining the separability number of already blended oils. However, experience shows that oils exhibiting a low separability number are more likely to be compatible with other oils than are oils with high separability numbers.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. The result is a separability number (%). See also Test Method D7061.1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.31.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled heavy-thickness carbon-steel sheet and strip of structural quality in coils beyond the size limits of Specification A570/A570M. This material is intended for structural purposes where mechanical test values are required and is available in the sizes listed below. This material is available only in coils as described below: Size Limits, Coils Only Product Width, in. (mm) Thickness, in. (mm) Strip over 8 to 12 0.230 to 0.750, incl (200 to 300) (6.0 to 19) Sheet over 12 to 48 0.230 to 0.750, incl (300 to 1200) (6.0 to 19) over 48 (1200) 0.180 to 0.750, incl (4.5 to 19) 1.1.1 The following grades are covered in this specification: Mechanical Properties Yield Point min, Tensile Strength Grade ksi (MPa) min, ksi (MPa) 30 30 (205) 49 (340) 33 33 (230) 52 (360) 36 36 (250) 53 (365) 40 40 (275) 55 (380) 1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values of the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification. 1.3 Sheet and strip in coils of the sizes noted in 1.1 can be included in this specification only with the following provisions: 1.3.1 The material is not to be converted into steel plates for structural or pressure vessel use unless tested in complete accordance with the appropriate sections of Specifications A6/A6M (plates provided from coils) or A20/A20M (plates produced from coils), 1.3.2 This specification is not applicable to the steels covered by Specification A635/A635M, 1.3.3 The dimensional tolerances from Specification A635/A635M are applicable to material produced in accordance with this specification, 1.3.4 The material is to be fed directly from coils into a blanking press, drawing or forming operation, tube mill, rolling mill, or sheared or slit into blanks for subsequent drawing or forming, and 1.3.5 Not all strength levels are available in all thicknesses. The user should consult the producer for appropriate size limitations.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 Prior to beginning a project that involves the removal, cutting, grinding, or burning of paint, it is necessary to determine if the coating contains hazardous metals, such as lead. If it does, certain requirements for worker and environmental protection may need to be imposed. The presence and quantity of hazardous metals in a paint can be determined through laboratory analysis. Proper sampling protocol is needed to assure the laboratory results represent the actual amount of heavy metal in the coating. The number and location of samples to be removed must also be determined to characterize properly the extent of the presence of hazardous materials, if any, on a structure.1.1 This practice covers a method to control the removal of samples of coating films from substrates for subsequent laboratory analysis for heavy metal content on a mass basis. This technique can be used in the field, the fabricating shop, or laboratory.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 5, Note 1, and Note 3.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

A2.4 A2.4.1 This test method describes the testing procedure that shall be used to qualify material for use in ASTM F3111 bolts made of any steel composition permitted by this specification. The test method measures the susceptibility of the material to the influence of an externally applied potential (see A2.7.2.3.2) by testing for the threshold of embrittlement in a salt solution environment.1.1 This specification covers heat treated, alloy steel, heavy hex structural bolt/nut/washer assemblies, also referred to as “sets,” having a tensile strength of 200 to 215 ksi. These assemblies are capable of developing a minimum predetermined tension when installed by applying an initial torque followed by rotation to the nut or bolt head, while at the same time preventing the rotation of the opposite side of the assembly.NOTE 1: The installations in Appendix X1 are important to the proper application of this product.1.2 An assembly consists of a heavy hex structural head bolt, nut and two washers covered by this specification.1.3 The assemblies are available in sizes 1 in. to 1 1/4 in. inclusive.1.4 The fastener assemblies are intended for use in structural connections in the following environmental conditions:1.4.1 Interiors, normally dry, including interiors where structural steel is embedded in concrete, encased in masonry or protected by membrane or noncorrosive contact type fireproofing.1.4.2 Interiors and exteriors, normally dry, under roof, where the installed assemblies are soundly protected by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system.1.5 The fastener assemblies are not intended for use in structural connections in the following environments, with or without protection by a shop-applied or field-applied coating to the structural steel system:1.5.1 Exteriors not under roof.1.5.2 Chemical environments in which strong concentrations of highly corrosive gases, fumes, or chemicals, either in solution or as concentrated liquids or solids, contact the fasteners or their protective coating.1.5.3 Heavy industrial environments severe enough to be classified as a chemical environment as described in 1.5.2.1.5.4 Condensation and high humidity environments maintaining almost continuous condensation, including submerged in water and soil.1.5.5 Cathodically protected environments, in which current is applied to the structural steel system by the sacrificial anode method or the DC power method.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 13, Section 14 and Annex A2 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers heavy-duty ranges that use gas or electrical heat sources, or both, for cooking food in the commercial and institutional food service establishments. Types: type I-electric range top with electric oven; type I-electric range top with gas-fired oven; type I-electric range top with storage base; type II-gas-fired range top with gas-fired oven; type II-gas-fired range top with electric oven; and type II-gas-fired range top with storage base. Electric ovens: electric standard oven and electric convection oven. Power: natural gas, propane, manufactured gas, and other gases. All ranges shall be provided with means to regulate the oven interior temperature and cook top burner heat. Oven thermostat test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers heavy-duty ranges that use gas or electrical heat sources, or both, for cooking food in the commercial and institutional food service establishments.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车