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3.1 Coatings intended to be cured by ultraviolet radiation, especially those involving free radical chemistry, tend to polymerize during storage. It is of interest to determine how well a formulation resists this effect. Many factors influence the storage stability of a composition. The procedures described here are intended to improve the precision of determining this property. Because the effects of resins, monomers, photoinitiators, synergists, stabilizers, or pigments can alter the relation between elevated and room temperature stabilities, any correlation of performance at two different temperatures is possible only with a given formulation and, therefore, is useful only for quality control.1.1 This method covers procedures for testing the package stability of coatings intended to be cured by ultraviolet radiation. One procedure is given for clear coatings and another for opaque fillers.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This practice is intended to provide the user with a process to obtain data on package performance when a packaged product is subjected to shock. These measures can be used to quantify or qualify a package system.4.2 Data from this practice may provide a measure of a package's ability to mitigate the various levels of shipping shock or impact hazards. These measures may be used to prescribe a mode of shipping and handling that will not induce damage to the packaged product or to define the required levels of protection that must be provided by its packaging.4.3 This practice could potentially be used in conjunction with the data derived from Test Method D3332 (Method B) for optimizing cushion design.4.4 This practice obtains data at the interface of the product and package (coupled) or element response, depending on the intent of the user (see 10.1 and 10.1.1).1.1 This practice covers methods for obtaining measured shock responses using instrumentation for an actual or simulated product package system when subjected to defined shock inputs to measure package performance.1.2 This practice establishes methods for obtaining measured shock data for use with shock and impact test methods. It is not intended as a substitute for performance testing of shipping containers and systems such as Practice D4169.1.3 This practice will address acceleration measuring techniques. Other ways of measuring shock impacts, such as high speed video, are not covered by this practice.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 1820元 / 折扣价： 1547 元

This test method is suitable for establishing specifications of product leakage for both the pump dispenser and the final package. The test is performed at two levels of vacuum, a low and a high level, in order to avoid going directly from atmospheric pressure to 200 mbar, which can sometimes cause pump components that had not been fully seated, to seat.Method A, Product Leakage Test without Vibration Testing of a Mechanical Pump Dispenser Package, is used when a pre-conditioning of the package in a simulated shipping situation is not desired.Method B, Product Leakage Test with Vibration Testing of a Mechanical Pump Dispenser Package, is used when a pre-conditioning of the package in a simulated shipping situation is desired. The dynamics and stresses of shipping can create conditions where the package may be more likely to leak.AbstractThis test method covers the evaluation of the sealing ability of a mechanical pump dispenser when packaging is held under vacuum and evaluation of the actual seal between the pump dispenser and the neck container/closure integrity. Apparatus for this test method include a vacuum chamber capable of handling pressure within the prescribed range and absorbent paper. Test specimens should be collected and conditioned according to the requirements. Procedures include a product leakage test without vibration testing of a mechanical pump dispenser package and a product leakage test with vibration testing of a mechanical pump dispenser package.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of a pump dispenser to seal when the packaging is held under vacuum. Furthermore, it evaluates the seal between the pump dispenser and the neck container/closure integrity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See 4.3 for a specific warning statement.

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5.1 This test method determines the extent and nature of cushion thickness change under static load. Creep data obtained by this test method are applicable to the cushion under the conditions of the particular test and are not necessarily the same as obtained in a complete pack in actual packaging environments. Data may be affected by magnitude of static load, specimen area, shape, and thickness, by varying ambient conditions of temperature, humidity, by friction in the movable platen guide system, and by actual cushion thickness. Vibration in the vicinity of the test fixtures may also influence data results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of creep properties of package cushioning materials. It is applicable to materials available in bulk, sheet, or molded form used for the cushioning of articles during storage, handling, and shipment.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Preface This is the second edition of CSA C656, Performance standard for split-system and single-package central air conditioners and heat pumps. It supersedes the previous edition, published in 1992 under the title Performance Standard for Single P

定价： 683元 / 折扣价： 581 元

This test method covers the procedures for testing the package stability of liquid paint by determining the change in consistency and certain other properties of the solvent- or water-reducible type paint when stored above a certain temperature. Test equipment include spatula, viscometer, paint brush, and test surface. Samples for testing should be collected from as received and stored samples. The samples must be observed for any skinning, corrosion, odor of putrefaction, rancidity, or souring, lower layer rigidity, consistency, and the presence of lump or streaks in the brushed films.1.1 This test method covers the change in consistency and certain other properties that may take place when liquid paint of either the solvent-reducible or water-reducible type is stored at a temperature above 0 °C (32 °F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Extrudability measurements of latex sealants serve to indicate only their ease of application; they do not predict the performance capability of the compound after installation.5.2 This test method also measures freeze-thaw and heat stability of such sealants.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for the determination of extrudability of latex sealants after freeze-thaw and heat cycling.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Currently there is no ISO standard similar to this test method.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test provides a rapid means of evaluating tendencies for package seal failure when the package is exposed to a pressure differential. Pressure differentials may occur during such processes as sterilization and transportation. This test method provides an indicator of the burst strength of a package, where the burst will normally occur in one or more areas of the seal. An indicator of the minimum burst strength may be of importance to the package manufacturer and end user in ensuring adequate package integrity. This test method cannot provide a measure of package seal uniformity. This test method also cannot provide an evaluation of overall package integrity or the burst strength of areas of the package that contact the surface of the restraining plates used. This test method should be combined with other methods of evaluating overall package integrity, uniformity of the package seal, or opening functionality, if so required.5.2 This test frequently is used to quickly evaluate package seal strength during the manufacturing process and at various stages of the package's life cycle.5.3 If correlations between pieces of test equipment are to be made it is important that all parameters of the test be equivalent. Typical parameters can include, but are not limited to the package size, material, type and configuration of seal, rate of air flow into the package, pressure detection sensing mechanism and sensitivity (machine response to pressure drop), position of test article, rigidity of restraining plates, and distance between restraining plates. See Appendix X2 for further information.5.4 This test may not necessarily provide correlation with package seal strength as typically measured using Test Methods F1140 or F88 (or equivalents).1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the minimum burst strength of a seal placed around the perimeter of a flexible package as it is internally pressurized and enclosed within restraining plates.1.2 The test methods described herein are functionally similar to Test Methods F1140 with the exception of the use of restraining plates. Test Methods F1140 describes methods of burst testing that do not include the use of restraining plates and are suitable to determine a packages general ability to withstand pressurization stresses. Under Test Methods F1140 the stresses are not distributed uniformly to all areas of the package seal. Under unrestrained conditions the stress on the package is highest at the middle of the pouch where it inflates to the packages maximum diameter; therefore, Test Methods F1140 may not reliably detect the weakest area of the seal.1.3 The burst test internally and increasingly pressurizes a package until an area of the package seal around the perimeter “bursts” open in response to pressurization. By placing the package within restraining plates during pressurization, the dimensional stability of the package is maintained in a manner that results in stresses applied more uniformly along the perimeter of the package, where seals are normally placed. This allows the test to have a higher probability of detecting the weakest area of the seal and provide a measurement of the pressure required to “burst” open the package.1.4 This test only applies to flexible packages with seals placed around the perimeter of a flexible package (often referred to as a pouch). In particular it is intended as applicable to packages with seals that have a peelable seal feature (peeled open by end user to remove contents of package).1.4.1 Porous barrier materials' failure to reach adequate pressure to burst the package seals may be due to insufficient volume flow. See Appendix X4 for information.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular caution is advised where users of this procedure may be required to design and fabricate restraining plate fixtures. Reference Appendix X3 for further information regarding calculation of stress factors and structural design considerations.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1. Scope This standard applies to package furnaces. For the purpose of this standard, a package furnace is a gas-fired, warm-air furnace wi th an input rate exceeding 400,000 Btu per hour (117.2 kW) for installation in commercial or industrial structur

定价： 1365元 / 折扣价： 1161 元

5.1 The vacuum, bubble test method, as described in Test Method D3078, and various other leak detection methods described elsewhere (Test Method D4991, Guide E432, Test Method E493, Test Method E498, Test Method E499, and Test Method E1603) have been successfully used widely in various industries and applications to determine that a given package is or is not a “leaker.” The sensitivity of any selected leak test method has to be considered to determine its applicability to a specific situation.5.2 The procedures presented in this test method allow the user to carry out package and seal integrity testing with sufficient sensitivity to quantify seals in the previously defined moderate to fine seal ranges.5.3 By employing seal-isolating leak testing fixtures, packages constructed of various materials can be tested in the full range of seal performance requirements. Design of these fixtures is beyond the scope of this method.5.4 These seal/package integrity test procedures can be utilized as:5.4.1 A design tool,5.4.2 For tooling qualification,5.4.3 Process setup,5.4.4 Process validation tool,5.4.5 Quality assurance monitoring, or5.4.6 Research and development.1.1 This test method includes several procedures that can be used for the measurement of overall package and seal barrier performance of a variety of package types and package forms, as well as seal/closure types. The basic elements of this method include:1.1.1 Helium (employed as tracer gas),1.1.2 Helium leak detector (mass spectrometer), and1.1.3 Package/product-specific test fixtures.1.1.4 Most applications of helium leak detection are destructive, in that helium needs to be injected into the package after the package has been sealed. The injection site then needs to be sealed/patched externally, which often destroys its saleability. Alternatively, if helium can be incorporated into the headspace before sealing, the method can be non-destructive because all that needs to be accomplished is to simply detect for helium escaping the sealed package.1.2 Two procedures are described; however the supporting data in Section 14 only reflects Procedure B (Vacuum Mode). The alternative, Sniffer Mode, has proven to be a valuable procedure for many applications, but may have more variability due to exactly the manner that the operator conducts the test such as whether the package is squeezed, effect of multiple small leaks compared to fewer large leaks, background helium concentration, package permeability and speed at which the scan is conducted. Further testing to quantify this procedure’s variability is anticipated, but not included in this version.1.2.1 Procedure A: Sniffer Mode—the package is scanned externally for helium escaping into the atmosphere or fixture.1.2.2 Procedure B: Vacuum Mode—the helium containing package is placed in a closed fixture. After drawing a vacuum, helium escaping into the closed fixture (capture volume) is detected. Typically, the fixtures are custom made for the specific package under test.1.3 The sensitivity of the method can range from the detection of:1.3.1 Large leaks—10-2 Pa·m 3/s to 10-5 Pa·m3/s (10–1 cc/sec/atm to 10-4 cc/sec/atm).1.3.2 Moderate leaks—10-5 Pa·m 3/s to 10-7 Pa·m3/s (10-4 cc/sec/atm to 10-6 cc/sec/atm).1.3.3 Fine leaks—10-7 Pa·m 3/s to 10-9 Pa·m3/s (10-6 cc/sec/atm to 10-8 cc/sec/atm).1.3.4 Ultra-Fine leak—10-9 Pa·m 3/s to 10-11 Pa·m3/s (10-8 cc/sec/atm to 10-10 cc/sec/atm).NOTE 1: Conversion from cc/sec/atm to Pa·m3/s is achieved by multiplying by 0.1.1.4 The terms large, moderate, fine and ultra-fine are relative terms only and do not imply the acceptability of any leak rate. The individual application dictates the level of integrity needed. For many packaging applications, only “large leaks” are considered unacceptable and the ability to detect smaller leaks is immaterial. All leak rates referred to in this method are based on conversion of actual conditions (based on partial pressure of helium) to one atmosphere pressure differential and standard temperature conditions.1.5 The method may have applicability to any package type:1.5.1 Flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid.1.5.2 Permeable or impermeable.1.5.3 Packages comprised of both permeable and impermeable components, for example, formed aluminum blisters and other high barrier aluminum packaging, cartridges, and syringes.1.6 The sensitivities reported in the supporting data for this method pertain to the detectability of helium emanating from the sample and are not a function of the packaging form.1.7 The method is not applicable to breathable or porous packaging.1.8 The results obtained can be qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative depending on the procedure used.1.9 Test fixture design is not within the scope of this method except to note that different designs will be needed for different applications (which have different package types and package integrity requirements). Furthermore, the fixture selection and design will be based on where the testing is to be conducted within the manufacturing process (in other words, quality control versus research).1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Actual yield is important to the film converter as this determines the actual number of units or packages that he can derive in a particular conversion from any given mass of film.1.1 This test method covers the determination of yield (area per unit mass) of plastic film.1.2 Also described in this test method is the means for calculating nominal yield, given values for nominal density, and nominal thickness. This is needed since, in material specifications, limits for yield are normally stated in terms of the percent deviation of actual yield from nominal yield.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 4591 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.

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This PDF includes Amendments #1-14. 1. Scope 1.1 These requirements apply to natural and propane gas-fired packaged boilers. 1.2 The requirements in Part (A) of this Standard apply to package boilers, fire and water tube, steam and hot water, h

定价： 1138元 / 折扣价： 968 元