1.1 This guide specifies a method to measure the surface and estimate the in-vivo material loss from the conical taper junctions, such as the femoral head/stem junction or adapter sleeve from explanted modular hip prosthesis, modular knee or shoulder joints. This guide is applicable to any articulating bearing material, stem material and conical taper size. The principles in this guide may be applied to other designs of taper junction, such as the modular stem/neck junction found in some hip joints.1.2 This guide covers the measurement of the surface and estimation of depth of material loss and volume of material loss and taper geometry using a Roundness Machine (1-4), Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) (5) and Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine (6, 7).2 Other measurement equipment may be used to measure the surface if the resolution and accuracy of the measurements are comparable with the instruments detailed in this standard. The measurement and analysis protocols should be based on those described in this standard.NOTE 1: The maximum depth of material loss is sensitive to the number and spacing of data points.1.3 The measurement techniques in this standard guide use measurements taken on the surface of the taper using stylus instruments. The material loss/corrosion mechanisms in the taper junction may lead to oxide layers or corrosion products deposited on the surface of the taper. These layers may lead to an underestimation of the volume of material loss.1.4 The explants may have debris or biological deposits on the surfaces of the taper junctions. These deposits will prevent the measurement of the actual surface of the taper junction and their effect on the measurement must be considered when deciding the cleaning protocol. Normally, the taper surfaces will be cleaned before measurements are taken.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. As a precautionary measure, explanted devices should be sterilized or minimally disinfected by an appropriate means that does not adversely affect the implant or the associated tissue that may be the subject of subsequent analysis. A detailed discussion of precautions to be used in handling human tissues can be found in ISO 12891-1. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers total elbow replacement (TER) prostheses and hemi-elbow replacement (“hemi”) prostheses used to provide functioning articulation by employing humeral, ulnar, and/or radial components that allow for the restoration of motion of the human elbow joint complex.1.2 Included within the scope of this specification are elbow prosthesis components for primary and revision surgery with linked and non-linked designs and components implanted with or without use of bone cement.1.3 This specification is intended to provide basic descriptions of material and prosthesis geometry. In addition, those characteristics determined to be important to the in vivo performance of the prosthesis are defined. However, compliance with this specification does not itself mean that a device will provide satisfactory clinical performance.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers shoulder prostheses for total or hemiarthroplasty used to provide functioning articulation by employing glenoid and humeral components. The prostheses may be constrained, partially constrained, or unconstrained. Modular prostheses are included in this specification, but devices for custom applications are not covered. The prostheses are required to meet the prescribed mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, wear of alternative, and range of motion.1.1 This specification covers shoulder prostheses for total or hemiarthroplasty used to provide functioning articulation by employing glenoid and humeral components.1.2 Devices for custom applications are not covered by this specification. Modular prostheses are included in this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.FIG. 1 Glenosphere Thickness1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method helps to assess the axial locking force of a modular taper. Some types of devices that may utilize this type of connection are the modular shoulder and modular hip prostheses. Additional means of evaluating the locking mechanisms of tapers may be appropriate, depending upon the design of the device.4.2 This test method may not be appropriate for all implant applications. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of the practice in view of the materials and design being tested and their potential application.4.3 While this test method may be used to measure the force required to disengage tapers, any comparison of such data for various component designs must take into consideration the size of the implant and the type of locking mechanism evaluated.1.1 This test method establishes a standard methodology for determining the force required, under laboratory conditions, to disassemble tapers of implants that are otherwise not intended to release. Some examples are the femoral components of a total or partial hip replacement or shoulder in which the head and base component are secured together by a self-locking taper.1.2 This test method has been developed primarily for evaluation of metal and ceramic head designs on metal tapers but may have application to other materials and designs.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for silicone gel-filled and saline-inflatable silicone gel-filled implantable breast prostheses intended for use in surgical reconstruction, augmentation, or replacement of the breast. Breast prosthesis are classified into three types: type I breast prosthesis, n - implantable breast prosthesis containing a single lumen containing a fixed amount of silicone gel, Type II breast prosthesis, n - implantable breast prosthesis comprised of two complete lumens, one inside the other, and type III breast prosthesis, n - implantable breast prosthesis comprised of two complete lumens, one inside the other. Elongation, breaking strength, tensile set, critical fused or adhered joints, shell rupture, and shell leakage shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Gel cohesion, gel bleeding, and gel penetration shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for silicone gel-filled and saline-inflatable silicone gel-filled implantable breast prostheses intended for use in surgical reconstruction, augmentation, or replacement of the breast.1.2 Limitations—This specification does not cover custom fabricated implantable breast prostheses.1.3 Single-use saline-inflatable, smooth and textured silicone shell implantable breast prostheses are addressed in Specification F2051.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is intended to be performed in conjunction with pin-on-flat wear machines or similar machines that are designed to evaluate simplified specimen geometries.NOTE 1: See Haider & Baykal (1)3 for useful considerations and potential pitfalls in conducting pin on disk testing, interpreting test results and the complex and sometimes conflicting effects of lower stress and higher contact area on wear.4.2 This test method is designed to evaluate combinations of materials with respect to the amount of polymer wear, where quantifiable wear occurs primarily on the polymeric component. With some combinations of materials, significant wear of the counterface may occur, with subsequent embedding of counterface debris particles in the polymer. Such an occurrence will render the weight loss of the polymer specimen unreliable as an indicator of the polymer wear.4.3 Wear is reported as volume loss of the polymeric specimen as a function of sliding distance; however, if the sliding distance is not constant across the polymeric specimen surface due to complex motion patterns, wear may be reported as volume loss of the polymeric specimen as a function of wear cycles (in which case a “wear cycle” shall be defined). Volume loss of the polymer specimen is determined by dividing the experimental weight loss by the density of the polymer. For ease of interpretation, wear should be reported as a function of both the number of wear cycles and the sliding distance, when possible.4.4 The reference for the comparative evaluation of candidate materials shall be the wear rate of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) conforming to Specification F648 bearing against counterfaces of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy (in accordance with Specifications F75, F799, or F1537), having prosthetic-quality surface finish and lubricated with bovine blood serum (see 5.2).1.1 This test method describes a laboratory method for evaluating the wear properties of combinations of materials that are being considered for use as bearing surfaces of human total joint prostheses. The body of this test method contains general methods which apply to all types of prosthesis wear applications while individual annexes describe specific wear test methods and clinical validation criteria tailored to each distinct wear application (for example, linear reciprocating motion, ball-cup (“hip-type”) wear, delamination wear, and so forth). It is the intent of this test method to rank materials, within each wear application, for polymer wear rates under simulated physiological conditions. It must be recognized, however, that contact geometries and wear motions are simplified using such methods. This test method, therefore, represents only an initial stage in the full wear characterization of a candidate material.1.2 All candidate materials should be tested in an appropriate joint simulator apparatus using prototype prostheses before being used in clinical trials in patients. The tests described in this test method are used to quickly and reliably screen material combinations for wear performance in different orthopaedic wear applications prior to committing them to more expensive and time-consuming joint simulator testing. In addition, these simplified tests can be used to relate material, surface finish, or other parameters to wear behavior on a more practical basis than is possible in joint simulator tests.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for single use saline inflatable, smooth and textured silicone shell implantable breast prostheses, intended for use in surgical reconstruction, augmentation, or replacement of the breast. This specification does not cover custom fabricated implantable breast prostheses and other gel-saline type implants. The silicone elastomer compositions for use as primary material of construction of the shell including the exterior (tissue contact) surface shall include: (1) polymer types MQ or VMQ, (2) fillers A, B, or C, (3) additive J (for radiopacity), and (4) catalysts B, G, J, or K. The requirements for the following are specified: (1) fabrication including vulcanization and postcure, (2) volume and dimension of saline filled prostheses, (3) fixation sites, and (4) orientation means. The following tests shall be performed: (1) physical property tests such as shell leakage and tension tests (2) biocompatibility test, (3) shell rupture or failure test, (4) valve competence, and (5) abrasion test. The physical property requirements are specified for (1) shell percent elongation, breaking strength, and tensile set, and (2) critical and non-critical fused or adhered joints. Illustrations for testing fused or adhered joints are provided. Requirements for sterilization, packaging, labeling, and package inserts are detailed as well.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for single-use, saline inflatable, smooth and textured silicone shell implantable breast prostheses intended for use in surgical reconstruction, augmentation, or replacement of the breast.1.2 Limitations: 1.2.1 This specification does not cover custom fabricated implantable breast prostheses.1.2.2 This specification does not cover gel/saline type implants, which are within the scope of Specification F703.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Total Facet Prosthesis Components—The total facet replacement may comprise a variety of shapes and configurations. Its forms may include, but are not limited to: ball-and-socket articulating joints, joints having a free-floating or semi-constrained third body, metallic load-bearing surfaces, and spring and dampening mechanisms. Additionally, it may have a unilateral or bilateral design.5.2 Spinal Testing Apparatus: 5.2.1 Test Chambers—In case of a multispecimen machine, each chamber shall be isolated to prevent cross-contamination of the test specimens. The chamber shall be made entirely of corrosion-resistant materials, such as acrylic plastic or stainless steel, and shall be removable from the machine for thorough cleaning between tests.5.2.2 Component Clamping/Fixturing—Since the purpose of the test is to characterize the wear and kinematic function of the total facet prosthesis, the method for mounting components in the test chamber shall not compromise the accuracy of assessment of the weight loss or stiffness variation during the test. For example, prostheses having complicated superior and inferior surfaces for contacting bone (for example, sintered beads, hydroxylapatite (HA) coating, plasma spray) may be specially manufactured to modify that surface in a manner that does not affect the wear simulation.5.2.3 The device should be securely (rigidly) attached at its bone-implant interface to the mating test fixtures.5.2.4 The motion of the superior test fixture (more posterior fixture in Figs. 1 and 2) relative to the inferior testing fixture shall be constrained in three-dimensional space except for the components in the direction of specified test motions/loads.FIG. 1 Diagrams of Possible Test Apparatus for Allowing Simultaneous Lateral Bending and Axial Rotation Motions with Anterior-Posterior Directed Facet LoadingNOTE 1: This setup would require two rotational actuators and one translational actuator.FIG. 2 Diagrams of Possible Test Apparatus for Allowing Simultaneous Flexion-Extension and Lateral Bending Motions with Anterior-Posterior Directed Facet LoadingNOTE 1: This setup would require two rotational actuators and one translational actuator.5.2.5 Load and Motion: 5.2.5.1 Facet loads (fx) are initially applied in the direction of the positive X-axis.5.2.5.2 Flexion load and motion are positive moment and rotation about the Y-axis.5.2.5.3 Extension load and motion are negative moment and rotation about the Y-axis.5.2.5.4 Lateral bend load and motion are positive and negative moments and rotations about the X-axis.5.2.5.5 Axial rotation load and motion are positive and negative moments and rotations about the Z-axis.5.2.6 Frequency—Test frequency shall be determined and justified by the user of this practice, and shall not exceed 2 Hz without adequate justification ensuring that the applied motion (load) profiles remain within specified tolerances and that the total facet prosthesis’s wear and functional characteristics are not significantly affected. See X1.6.5.2.7 Cycle Counter—One complete motion is the entire range from starting position through the range of motion (or load when in load control) and returning to the starting position (load). Cycles are to be counted using an automated counting device.1.1 This practice provides guidance for the functional, kinematic, and wear testing of motion-preserving total facet prostheses for the lumbar spine. These implants are intended to allow motion and lend support to the functional spinal unit(s) through replacement of the natural facets.1.2 This practice is not intended to address the bone implant interface or the static characteristics of the prosthesis components. Fatigue characteristics are included, but only as a by-product of cyclic wear testing under facet load and thus are not addressed in the typical process of generating a Stress-Life (S-N) characterization.1.3 Biocompatibility of the materials used in a total facet prosthesis are not addressed in this practice.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of angular measurements, which may be reported in either degrees or radians.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers metallic stemmed femoral prostheses used to replace the natural hip joint by means of hemi-arthroplasty or total hip surgical procedures. Prostheses for hemi-arthroplasty are intended to articulate with the natural acetabulum of the patient. Prostheses for total hip replacement are intended to articulate with prosthetic acetabular cups. Prostheses may have integral femoral heads or cones designed to accept modular heads. Femoral prostheses presented are defined as follows: type IA - single-piece (mono-block), metallic femoral total hip or hemi-arthroplasty hip prosthesis with an integral stem, neck and head, type IB - single-piece (mono-block), metallic, femoral total hip or hemi- arthroplasty hip prostheses with an integral stem, neck, and head, type IIA - modular metallic femoral hip prostheses that could include a modular (type II) head or other modular components, or both, and type IIB - Modular metallic femoral hip prosthesis that could include a modular (type II) head or other modular components, or both. Femoral prostheses shall be capable of withstanding normal static and dynamic loading in the physiological range without overload fracture, plastic deformation, or fatigue fracture. Shear strength, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance of plasma spray thermal coatings shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers metallic stemmed femoral prostheses used to replace the natural hip joint by means of hemi-arthroplasty or total hip surgical procedures. Prostheses for hemi-arthroplasty are intended to articulate with the natural acetabulum of the patient. Prostheses for total hip replacement are intended to articulate with prosthetic acetabular cups. Prostheses may have integral femoral heads or cones designed to accept modular heads.1.2 Modular femoral heads, which may be affixed to cones on implants covered by this specification, are not covered by this specification. The mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of the head portions of one-piece integral implants are covered by this specification.1.3 Femoral prostheses included within the scope of this specification are intended for fixation by press fit between the prosthesis and host bone, the use of bone cement, or through the ingrowth of host bone into a porous coating.1.4 Custom femoral prostheses, designed explicitly for a single patient, are not covered within the scope of this specification.1.5 Prostheses incorporating nonmetallic (for example, polymer composite) implants, nonporous bioactive ceramic coatings, or porous-polymer coatings, are specifically excluded from the scope of this specification.1.6 The requirements for modular connections of multicomponent modular femoral hip prostheses are not covered by this specification.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies tests to be performed and requirements for test apparatus to be used in determining the physical, biological and mechanical properties of heart valve substitutes of all types, and of the materials and

定价： 1001元 / 折扣价： 851 元

1.1 This standard guide provides options and a compendium of information for measuring the bearing surface and estimating the in-vivo wear of explanted Metal-on-Metal (MoM) and other “hard” (for example, ceramic) hip components. The guide covers the measurement of acetabular cups and femoral heads using a dimensional change method and is applicable to all prosthetic hip types, including stemmed (modular) and resurfacing hip systems.1.2 The methods specified in this guide are not applicable for measuring the in-vivo wear from non-articulating surfaces, for example modular connections (at the stem/neck, neck/head, or cup liner/shell interface) or at the acetabular cup rim.1.3 The parameters (wear depth and volumetric wear) evaluated and reported in this guide are estimated from the assumed as-manufactured shape of the components. The wear volume is calculated using a numerical integration method and the wear depth is the difference between the assumed as-manufactured shape and the measured surface.1.4 This guide covers the measurement of the depth of wear and the volumetric wear using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and the depth of wear using an Roundness Machine. Other metrology measurement equipment may be used to measure the wear depth or volume if the resolution and accuracy of the measurements are comparable with the instruments detailed in this standard. The measurement and analysis protocols should be based on those described in this standard.1.5 This guide is applicable to hip joints which are nominally spherical at the time of manufacture. Form deviations resulting from manufacturing or deformation may occur and may necessitate the use of a non-spherical surface to represent the unworn surface of the component. Hip joints designed with asymmetry are considered beyond the scope of this guide, although the principles and techniques may be applicable to the characterization of wear from the articulating surfaces.1.6 This guide is intended as an extension to Practice F561 as a Stage II nondestructive test.1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. As a precautionary measure, explanted devices should be sterilized or disinfected by an appropriate means that does not adversely affect the implant or the associated tissue that may be the subject of subsequent analysis. A detailed discussion of precautions to be used in handling human tissues can be found in ISO 12891-1. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This guide can be used to develop test parameters for evaluating fatigue and wear behavior of IVD prostheses under impingement loading. It must be recognized, however, that there are likely many possible impingement conditions for a given IVD prosthesis.5.2 The user should attempt to determine the clinically relevant and geometrically possible impingement conditions and dictated by the design and impingement wear test parameters that may result in wear and fatigue damage for the IVD prosthesis. The user should also attempt to select the device size which will represent a worst case for the impingement conditions and parameters selected.5.3 The user should reference and utilize existing sources of information to identify the impingement test parameters that produce the clinically relevant impingement wear and damage for their IVD prosthesis. Prior clinical experience with the device design may aid in the development of impingement test parameters through analysis of device retrievals and radiographs. However, prior clinical experience with the IVD being tested should not be considered as a prerequisite for performing impingement testing.5.4 This guide details a three-step process for assessing device impingement under a selected set of conditions:5.4.1 The user selects previously identified impingement conditions, one at a time, or clinically observed conditions.5.4.2 The user selects the worst-case size of device to apply the selected conditions.5.4.3 Solid modeling and the quasistatic test method should be employed to assess the impingement condition and determine the impingement test parameters – most importantly, the angular displacement limits to be used in the impingement wear test.5.4.4 The impingement wear test is then conducted using the impingement test parameters.5.5 This guide serves to evaluate devices with various designs, materials (i.e., metal-on-metal versus polymer-on-polymer), and stiffness in the impingement region using the same axial force and angular displacement control.5.5.1 In the case where the device has no limit in a given direction or does not allow motion in a given direction, a rationale for excluding that condition should be provided (e.g., intended design or function of the device).5.6 Impingement occurs over a range between an initial and an ultimate angle rather than at a discrete angle and location because both design (e.g., mobile bearings) and material combinations (e.g., inclusion of polymeric materials) may lead to compliance, deformation and wear, which in turn may lead to a change in the angular displacement at which contact occurs over the course of the test. A range of angular displacement is therefore prescribed to ensure that the impingement region is fully loaded during each impingement cycle.5.7 The suggested test parameters in Table 1 have been provided with the objective of minimizing Mode I wear at the bearing surface while providing sufficient motion to fully offload the bearing surface for each cycle. Given that the intended function of the devices is typically to articulate, it may be impossible to fully eliminate Mode 1 wear at the intended bearing interface.5.8 The point of impingement (POI) is a simplification for the purpose of determining an impingement moment arm and thus calculating the theoretical ultimate moment (Mt). Mt may be useful for comparing device designs.5.9 The contribution of axial rotation to impingement damage is still under-studied. However, retrieval analysis has provided evidence that it may contribute to impingement damage. Many total disc replacements are unconstrained in axial rotation. Therefore, unlike flexion-extension or lateral bending where a moment versus angular displacement response can be readily developed, axial rotation will have a near-zero moment response. The axial rotation parameters provided in Section 15 are based on the Mode 1 wear test methods and should be assessed and altered if justification (e.g., wear patterns from retrievals, scientific literature, etc.) exists.1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance on the evaluation of wear and fatigue characteristics of total disc prostheses under cyclic impingement conditions.1.2 This guide describes impingement testing of devices with articulating components. The user is cautioned that the methods described herein are intended to produce an impingement condition which may or may not be indicative of clinical performance and which may or may not be consistent with the intended use of the device, and that this should be considered when interpreting the data. Clinically, total disc prostheses should always be implanted per labeling and the manufacturer’s instructions for use.1.3 Impingement has been observed in retrievals among several total disc prosthesis designs; however, impingement is not necessarily associated with device or clinical failure. It is the intent of this guide to investigate possible impingement-induced wear and mechanical failure modes associated with device design, as well as potential mechanical failure modes associated with clinical events such as subsidence, malpositioning, and improper implant sizing. Note that mechanical failure may or may not be associated with functional failure.1.4 It is recommended that the user define the bearing and non-bearing features of the intervertebral disc (IVD) prosthesis and evaluate the performance of the IVD prosthesis under Mode 1 wear by using Guide F2423 or ISO 18192-1 prior to use of this guide. This standard is not intended to provide guidance on Mode I testing.1.5 The goal of this guide is to evaluate impingement in IVD prostheses regardless of the intended region of the spine (cervical or lumbar), material or material combinations (ceramic, metal, polymer), and bearing type (fixed or mobile).1.6 It is the intent of this guide to enable comparison of IVD prostheses with regard to wear and fatigue characteristics when tested under the specified conditions.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of angular measurements which should be reported in degrees.1.8 The use of this standard may involve the operation of potentially hazardous equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers acetabular resurfacing devices used to provide a functioning articulation between the bones of the acetabulum and the femur. Acetabular prostheses included within the scope of this specification are intended for mechanical fixation between the prosthesis and host bone, by the use of bone cement or through biological fixation. Acetabular prostheses shall be classified as: Type I and Type II. The following test methods shall be performed: mechanical strength; corrosion resistance; biocompatibility; structural requirements; metal and ceramic coating or surface texture integrity; component disassociation; fixation failure; device fracture; and articular surface wear.1.1 This specification covers acetabular resurfacing devices used to provide a functioning articulation between the bones of the acetabulum and the femur.1.2 This specification is intended to provide basic descriptions of materials and device geometry. Additionally, those characteristics determined to be important to in vivo performance of the device are defined.1.3 Acetabular prostheses included within the scope of this specification are intended for fixation by press-fit between the prosthesis and host bone, the use of bone cement, the use of bone screws or similar means of mechanical fixation, or through biological fixation of host bone and/or soft connective tissue into a porous surface.1.4 Custom (designed explicitly for a single patient), revision, or constrained acetabular prostheses are not covered within the scope of this specification.1.5 This specification does not cover the details for quality assurance, design control, production control contained in 21 CFR 820 (Quality System Regulation) and ISO 9001.

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4.1 This guide can be used to determine the fatigue and wear behavior of IVD prostheses subjected to functional and kinematic cyclic loading/motion for relatively large numbers of cycles (for example, various designs of IVD prostheses, as well as the effects of materials, manufacturing techniques and other design variables on one particular design can be determined using this guide).4.2 This guide is intended to be applicable to IVD prostheses that support load and transmit motion by means of an articulating joint or by use of compliant materials. Ceramics, metals, or polymers, or combination thereof, are used in IVD prostheses, and it is the goal of this guide to enable a kinematic wear and/or fatigue comparison of these devices, regardless of material and type of device.1.1 This guide provides guidance for wear and/or fatigue testing of total disc prostheses under functional and kinematic conditions and, to this end, describes test methods for assessment of the wear or functional characteristics, or both, of total disc prostheses.1.2 Both lumbar and cervical prostheses are addressed.1.3 Load and kinematic profiles for lumbar and cervical devices are not identical and, therefore, are addressed separately in the guide.1.4 Partial disc replacements, such as nucleus replacements or facet joint replacements, are not intended to be addressed.1.5 Wear is assessed using a weight loss method in a testing medium as defined in this guide.1.6 This guide does not address any potential failure mode as it relates to the fixation of the implant to its bony interfaces.1.7 It is the intent of this guide to enable comparison of intervertebral disc (IVD) prostheses with regard to wear and fatigue characteristics when tested under the specified conditions. It must be recognized, however, that there are many possible variations in in-vivo conditions. A single laboratory simulation with a fixed set of parameters might not be universally representative.1.8 Most IVD prostheses primarily fall into two classifications: articulating ball-in-socket type prostheses, and elastomeric or compliant type prostheses. For the former, this guide primarily addresses Mode 1 wear (defined in 3.2.17.1); whereas for the latter, this guide addresses potential failure of the prosthesis when the implant is subjected to a range of motion and/or loads that fall within the full range of possible physiologic motions and loads.1.9 For articulating components, this guide predominantly describes a Mode 1 test. The user is cautioned that other modes of wear may occur and may have significant influence on the functionality and performance of an articulating IVD prosthesis; therefore, the user should consider the effects of other wear modes on the performance of the prosthesis.1.10 In order that the data be reproducible and comparable within and between laboratories, it is essential that uniform procedures are established. This guide is intended to facilitate uniform methods for testing and reporting of data for total disc replacement prostheses.1.11 Without a substantial clinical retrieval history of IVD prostheses, actual loading profiles and patterns cannot be delineated at the time of the writing of this guide. It therefore follows that the load and motion conditions specified by this guide do not necessarily accurately reproduce those occurring in vivo. Rather, this guide provides useful boundary/endpoint conditions for evaluating prosthesis designs in a functional manner.1.12 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of angular measurements, which may be reported in either degrees or radians.1.13 This guide is not intended to be a performance standard. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to characterize the safety and effectiveness of the prosthesis under evaluation.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.15 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method covers the procedure for determining the durability of ballon-expandable and self- expanding metal or alloy vascular stents. Tests are performed by exposing specimens to physiologically relevant diametric distention levels using hydrodynamic pulsatile loading. Specimens should have been deployed into a mock or elastically simulated vessel prior to testing. The test methods are valid for determining stent failure due to typical cyclic blood vessel diametric distention and include physiological pressure tests and diameter control tests. These do not address other modes of failure such as dynamic bending, torsion, extension, crushing, or abrasion. Test apparatus include a pressure measurement system, dimensional measurement devices, a cycle counting system, and a temperature control system.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the durability of a vascular stent or endoprosthesis by exposing it to diametric deformation by means of hydrodynamic pulsatile loading. This testing occurs on a test sample that has been deployed into a mock (elastically simulated) vessel. The test is conducted for a number of cycles to adequately establish the intended fatigue resistance of the sample.1.2 These test methods are applicable to balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents fabricated from metals and metal alloys and endovascular prostheses with metal stents. This standard does not specifically address any attributes unique to coated stents, polymeric stents, or biodegradable stents, although the application of this test method to those products is not precluded.1.3 These test methods may be used for assessing stent and endovascular prosthesis durability when exposed to blood vessel cyclic diametric change. These test methods do not address other cyclic loading modes such as bending, torsion, extension, or compression.1.4 These test methods are primarily intended for use with physiologically relevant diametric change, however guidance is provided for hyper-physiologic diametric deformation (that is, fatigue to fracture).1.5 These test methods do address test conditions for curved mock vessels, however might not address all concerns.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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