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定价： 515元 加购物车

3.1 The results of these test methods can be used as a quality control or quality assurance check of electrodes either during their manufacture or at the user's location. The results of these methods tend to be operator-sensitive; therefore, care must be taken in the execution of the test in order to obtain reproducible results.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of apparent porosity, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density of cores taken from graphite electrodes manufactured for use in electric arc furnaces. (See also C559 and C838.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

3.1 Apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density are primary properties of refractory shapes. These properties are widely used in the evaluation and comparison of product quality and as part of the criteria for selection and use of refractory products in a variety of industrial applications. These test methods are used for determining any or all of these properties and are particularly useful for testing hydratable products.3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods that are suitable for use in quality control, research and development, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance with specifications, and providing data for design purposes.3.3 Fundamental assumptions inherent in these test methods are:3.3.1 The test specimens conform to the requirements for size, configuration, and original faces,3.3.2 The open pores of the test specimens are fully impregnated with liquid during the vacuum-pressure treatment, and3.3.3 The blotting of the saturated test specimens is performed as specified in a consistent and uniform manner to avoid withdrawing liquid from the pores.3.3.4 Deviation from any of these assumptions adversely affects the test results.3.4 In laboratory studies involving castable specimen, a bias was noted between formed 2 in. by 2 in. by 2 in. (50 mm by 50 mm by 50 mm) and specimens quartered from larger 9 in. by 4.5 in. by 2.5 in. (228 mm by 114 mm by 64 mm) cast specimens. Additionally, an error in the apparent porosity determination was found on castables whenever the specimens were heated to 1500 °F (816 °C) and then exposed to water as a saturation media. The error was attributed to reactivity of cement with water and subsequent re-hydration of cement phases. The higher the cement level of the castable, the greater the error noted. It was concluded that an error in porosity values could occur for refractory materials having a potential to form hydrated species with water. Testing under the same conditions in kerosene produced results that were believed to be more accurate, but the data suggested that the kerosene might not have saturated the open pores of cast specimen as readily as water.33.5 Certain precautions must be exercised in interpreting and using results from these test methods. All four property values are interrelated by at least two of the three base data values generated during testing. Thus, an error in any base data value will cause an error in at least three of the property values for a given test specimen. Certain of the properties, that is, apparent specific gravity and bulk density, are functions of other factors such as product composition, compositional variability within the same product, impervious porosity, and total porosity. Generalizations on or comparisons of property values should be judiciously made between like products tested by these test methods or with full recognition of potentially inherent differences between the products being compared or the test method used.3.6 When a liquid other than water is used, such as types of kerosene or mineral spirits, specific gravity must be known by either determination or monitoring on a controlled basis. Specific gravity will change due to different grades of liquids, evaporation, or contamination with dirt or foreign material. The test should not be run if the liquid becomes dirty, foamy, or changes color, because foreign particles can block pores and prevent impregnation of the sample.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the following properties of refractory shapes:1.1.1 Apparent porosity,1.1.2 Liquid absorption,1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and1.1.4 Bulk density.1.2 These test methods are applicable to all refractory shapes except those that chemically react with both water and mineral spirits. When testing a material capable of hydration or other chemical reaction with water but which does not chemically react with mineral spirits, mineral spirits is substituted for water and appropriate corrections for the density differences are applied when making calculations.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3.1 Exception—The apparatus used in this standard is only available in SI units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Test Methods C20 cover procedures for testing properties of refractories that are not attacked by water.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is designed to determine the apparent density of specimens from their area and thickness. By measuring apparent density, the degree of loading or of compression of leather can be evaluated. The test method is unsuitable for very soft leathers such as chamois whose thickness cannot be accurately measured by the test method cited.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of specimens of leather. This test method does not apply to wet blue or wet white.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 515元 加购物车

3.1 These test methods are designed for use with carbon-containing products. The residual carbon content of a coked carbon-containing brick or shape is an indication of how much carbon may be available, in service, to resist slag attack on, or oxidation loss of, that body. Apparent carbon yield gives an estimate of the relative efficiency of the total carbonaceous matter to be retained as residual carbon.3.2 Residual carbon has a direct bearing on several properties of a pitch or resin-containing refractory, such as ignited porosity, density, strength, and thermal conductivity.3.3 These test methods are suitable for product development, manufacturing control, and specification acceptance.3.4 These test methods are very sensitive to specimen size, coking rates, etc.; therefore, strict compliance with these test methods is critical.3.5 Appreciable amounts of reducible components, such as Fe2O3, will have a noticeable effect on the results. Thus, values obtained by these test methods will be different when brick removed from service is tested. This must be kept in mind when attempting to use these test methods in an absolute sense.3.6 Oxidizable components such as metals and carbides can have a noticeable effect on the results. This must be kept in mind when using the second procedure, which is based on measuring weight loss after igniting the coked specimens.3.7 Testing of brick or shapes that contain magnesium metal presents special problems since this metal is highly volatile and substantial amounts of the magnesium can be lost from the sample during the coking procedure. This must be kept in mind when interpreting the results of testing of brick that contains magnesium. In addition, magnesium can react readily with atmospheric humidity. This must be kept in mind when storing brick that contains magnesium.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of residual carbon content in carbon-bearing brick and shapes after a prescribed coking treatment. They provide two procedures. The first procedure is based on the combustion of carbon and its measurement as carbon dioxide. However, when using the first procedure for articles that contain silicon carbide or other carbides, no distinction will be made between carbon present in the form of a carbide and carbon present as elemental carbon. The second procedure provides a method for calculating apparent residual carbon (on the basis of weight loss after igniting the coked specimens), apparent carbonaceous material content, and apparent carbon yield. If the second procedure is used for brick or shapes that contain metallic additives or carbides, it must be recognized that there will be a weight gain associated with the oxidation of the metals, or carbides, or both. Such a weight gain can change the results substantially, and this must be kept in mind when interpreting the data.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 590元 加购物车

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3.1 Apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density are primary properties of burned refractory brick and shapes. These properties are widely used in the evaluation and comparison of product quality and as part of the criteria for selection and use of refractory products in a variety of industrial applications. These test methods are used for determining any or all of these properties.3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods which are suitable for use in quality control, research and development, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance with specifications, and providing data for design purposes.3.3 Fundamental assumptions inherent in these test methods are that the test specimens are not attacked by water, the test specimens conform to the requirements for size, configuration, and original faces, the open pores of the test specimens are fully impregnated with water during the boiling treatment, and the blotting of the saturated test specimens is performed as specified in a consistent and uniform manner to avoid withdrawing water from the pores. Deviation from any of these assumptions adversely affects the test results.3.4 In laboratory studies involving castable specimens, a bias was noted between formed 2 by 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 by 50 mm) and specimens that were quartered from larger 9 by 4.5 by 2.5 (228 by 114 by 64 mm) cast specimens. Additionally, an error in the apparent porosity determination on castables was found whenever the specimens were heated to 1500 °F (816 °C) and then exposed to water as a saturation media (Test Methods C830). The error was attributed to reactivity of cement with water and subsequent re-hydration of cement phases. The higher the cement level of the castable, the greater the error noted. It was concluded that an error in porosity values could occur for refractory materials having a potential to form hydrated species with water.33.5 Certain precautions must be exercised in interpreting and using results from these test methods. All four property values are interrelated by at least two of the three base data values generated during testing. Thus, an error in any base data value will cause an error in at least three of the property values for a given test specimen. Certain of the properties, that is, apparent specific gravity and bulk density, are functions of other factors such as product composition, compositional variability within the same product, impervious porosity, and total porosity. Generalizations on or comparisons of property values should only be judiciously made between like products tested by these test methods or with full recognition of potentially inherent differences between the products being compared or the test method used.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the following properties of burned refractory brick:1.1.1 Apparent porosity,1.1.2 Water absorption,1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and1.1.4 Bulk density.1.2 These test methods are not applicable to refractories attacked by water.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

4.1 This test method provides a method for determining the packed density of a bed of granular activated carbon. Determination of the packed density is essential when designing vessels to hold the material and for ordering purposes when procuring materials to fill existing vessels.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of granular activated carbon. For purposes of this test method, granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 % being larger than 80 mesh.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车