3.1 Apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density are primary properties of burned refractory brick and shapes. These properties are widely used in the evaluation and comparison of product quality and as part of the criteria for selection and use of refractory products in a variety of industrial applications. These test methods are used for determining any or all of these properties.3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods which are suitable for use in quality control, research and development, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance with specifications, and providing data for design purposes.3.3 Fundamental assumptions inherent in these test methods are that the test specimens are not attacked by water, the test specimens conform to the requirements for size, configuration, and original faces, the open pores of the test specimens are fully impregnated with water during the boiling treatment, and the blotting of the saturated test specimens is performed as specified in a consistent and uniform manner to avoid withdrawing water from the pores. Deviation from any of these assumptions adversely affects the test results.3.4 In laboratory studies involving castable specimens, a bias was noted between formed 2 by 2 by 2 in. (50 by 50 by 50 mm) and specimens that were quartered from larger 9 by 4.5 by 2.5 (228 by 114 by 64 mm) cast specimens. Additionally, an error in the apparent porosity determination on castables was found whenever the specimens were heated to 1500 °F (816 °C) and then exposed to water as a saturation media (Test Methods C830). The error was attributed to reactivity of cement with water and subsequent re-hydration of cement phases. The higher the cement level of the castable, the greater the error noted. It was concluded that an error in porosity values could occur for refractory materials having a potential to form hydrated species with water.33.5 Certain precautions must be exercised in interpreting and using results from these test methods. All four property values are interrelated by at least two of the three base data values generated during testing. Thus, an error in any base data value will cause an error in at least three of the property values for a given test specimen. Certain of the properties, that is, apparent specific gravity and bulk density, are functions of other factors such as product composition, compositional variability within the same product, impervious porosity, and total porosity. Generalizations on or comparisons of property values should only be judiciously made between like products tested by these test methods or with full recognition of potentially inherent differences between the products being compared or the test method used.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the following properties of burned refractory brick:1.1.1 Apparent porosity,1.1.2 Water absorption,1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and1.1.4 Bulk density.1.2 These test methods are not applicable to refractories attacked by water.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the apparent density physical characteristic of powders. The degree of correlation between the results of this test and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application and has not been fully determined.4.2 The apparent density measured via this test method is often referred to as the “Scott Density.”1.1 This test method covers determination of the apparent density of metal powders and related compounds using the Scott Volumeter, also known as the Paint Pigment Volumeter.1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of hydrocarbon resins at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosity values of a hydrocarbon resin may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives and the like, containing such a resin.5.2 For hydrocarbon resins, values of apparent viscosity will usually be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the type of viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, shear rate depends on the spindle and rotational speed selected for a determination; therefore, comparisons between apparent viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear rate.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent viscosity of hydrocarbon resins having apparent viscosities up to 2,000,000 millipascal seconds (mPa·s) (Note 1) at temperatures up to 300 °C [572 °F].NOTE 1: The SI unit of (dynamic) viscosity is the pascal second. The centipoise (cP) is one millipascal second (mPa·s) and is frequently used as a viscosity unit.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Viscosity is an important property of fluid lubricants. The viscosity of all fluids varies with temperature. Many common petroleum lubricants are non-Newtonian: their viscosity also varies with shear rate. The usefulness of the viscosity of lubricants is greatest when the viscosity is measured at or near the conditions of shear rate and temperature that the lubricants will experience in service.5.2 The conditions of shear rate and temperature of this test method are thought to be representative of those in the bearing of automotive engines in severe service.5.3 Many equipment manufacturers and lubricant specifications require a minimum high-temperature high-shear viscosity at 150 °C and 106 s−1. The shear rate in capillary viscometers varies across the radius of the capillary. The apparent shear rate at the wall for this test method is increased to compensate for the variable shear rate.35.4 This test was evaluated in an ASTM cooperative program.61.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of high-temperature high-shear (HTHS) viscosity of engine oils at a temperature of 150 °C using a multicell capillary viscometer containing pressure, temperature, and timing instrumentation. The shear rate for this test method corresponds to an apparent shear rate at the wall of 1.4 million reciprocal seconds (1.4 × 106 s−1).3 This shear rate has been found to decrease the discrepancy between this test method and other high-temperature high-shear test methods3 (Test Methods D4683 and D4741) used for engine oil specifications. Viscosities are determined directly from calibrations that have been established with Newtonian oils with nominal viscosities from 1.4 mPa·s to 5.0 mPa·s at 150 °C. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.45 mPa·s and 5.05 mPa·s at 150 °C for the materials listed in the precision section.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 The centiPoise (cP) is a non-SI metric unit of viscosity that is numerically equal to the milliPascal-second (mPa·s).1.2.2 Pounds per square inch (psi) is a non-SI unit of pressure that is approximately equal to 6.895 kPa. These units are provided for information only in 6.1.1, 7.3, 9.1.2.1, and the tables.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosities of thermoplastic pavement marking may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives, and composite thermoplastics. This method is helpful in determining the flow properties which can be used in determining processability when applied to the road surface.5.2 Thermoplastic pavement markings may be applied to the road surface in several different ways. Typical methods of application are screed extrude, ribbon extrude, thin film spray, and standard spray. Proper application depends on the viscosity of the thermoplastic material at application temperatures for the method being used. Thin-line applied thermoplastic pavement marking, for example, requires a relatively lower viscosity. Screed extrude applied thermoplastic requires a higher viscosity.5.3 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be non-Newtonian, and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear. For this method, “torpedo” spindles are recommended. Spindles considered torpedo spindles are ~1-in. long and come in many diameters with a 45° conical bottom. A diameter that is half the diameter of the thimbles used is recommended. If large glass beads are used in the pavement marking formulation, a smaller diameter spindle may be needed so the beads do not cause an impedance of the spindle due to a jamming between the inside wall of the thimble and the spindle.1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the amount of apparent free phenol in synthetic phenolic resins or solutions used for coating purposes. The test method for isolation of the free phenol applies to all the commonly used resins except those containing p-phenyl-phenol. Test Method A applies to the simpler phenols up to and including the xylenols; Test Method B applies to the common alkylated phenols. >1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. >

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This test method deals with the standards for the measurement of apparent viscosity of roofing bitumen by mean of a parallel plate plastometer. This method involves measuring viscosity using pre-determined arbitrary shear stress levels. The method involves molding the sample into a disc of specified dimensions, heating it to a selected temperature and placing it between the plates of a pre-heated apparatus and pressing under the standard conditions for a measured time.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent viscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plate plastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity range from 102 to 109 Pa·s [103 to 1010 poises]. See Note 1.NOTE 1: This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity uses predetermined, arbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens are non-Newtonian, other viscosity test methods may give different results.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Apparent density as determined by this test method is a basic material property of importance in manufacturing and application of anode and cathode carbon.4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process control, material characterization and description, and other purposes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent density of core samples from manufactured articles of anode and cathode carbon used by the aluminum industry in the production of aluminum.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The principle of measurement is based upon a reversible isothermal change in apparent viscosity with change in rate of shear produced by a change in rotational speed.4.2 Measurement is performed with a rotational viscometer under standardized conditions with rigid control of the time intervals of measurement. Viscosity readings are obtained at the end of 1 min for each rotational speed. Changes from the lowest speed to the highest speed, and return to the lowest speed, are made without stopping the instrument.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of shear-rate-dependent adhesives using a rotational viscometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of apparent density in pounds in air per U.S. gallon at convenient temperatures using a hydrometer, and reporting at any specified atmospheric temperature. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and Note 3.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Apparent shear strength determined by this test method is useful for quality control and specification purposes. It is also applicable to research and development programs concerned with interlaminar-shear strength. The apparent shear strength obtained by this test method is not intended for design purposes, but allowed to be utilized for comparative testing of composite materials, if all failures are in horizontal shear.5.2 It is recommended that control samples be fabricated with each research test series and that care be used to compare each set of controls with corresponding test series run at different times.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods. The specimen is a short beam in the form of lengths of pultruded rods. This test method is applicable to all types of parallel-fiber-reinforced plastic rod samples.1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and specification purposes (see 5.1).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

The apparent size and distribution of tungsten carbide grains in cemented carbides affects the material’wear resistance and fracture. For a given chemical composition, an increase in the average grain size will result in increased toughness and decreased wear resistance. This practice illustrates representative micro-structures for a wide range of tungsten carbide-cobalt grades. This is not intended to be used as a specification for carbide grades; producers and users may use the micrographs and the grain size chart as a guide in developing their own specifications.1.1 This practice for the visual comparison and classification of the apparent grain size and distribution of cemented tungsten carbides is limited to cemented tungsten carbides that contain approximately 6, 10, and 18 % cobalt.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

2.1 Material properties determined by this test method are useful for quality control of glass-fiber reinforced concrete, ascertaining compliance with governing specifications, and research and development.1.1 This test method covers the determinations of dry and wet bulk density, water absorption, and apparent porosity of thin sections of glass-fiber reinforced concrete.NOTE 1: This test method does not involve a determination of absolute specific gravity. Therefore, such pore space as may be present in the specimen that is not emptied during the specified drying or is not filled with water during the specified immersion is considered “impermeable” and is not differentiated from the solid portion of the specimen for the calculations, especially those for percent voids.Depending upon the pore size distribution and the pore entry radii of the specimen and on the purposes for which the test results are desired, the procedures of this method may be adequate, or they may be insufficiently rigorous. In the event that it is desired to fill more of the pores than will be filled by immersion, various techniques involving the use of vacuum treatment or increased pressure may be used. If a rigorous measure of total pore space is desired, this can only be obtained by determining absolute specific gravity by first reducing the sample to discrete particles, each of which is sufficiently small so that no impermeable space can exist within any of the particles.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is designed for those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given application is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.4.2 The extrusion viscosity defines the flow behavior of a plastisol or organosol under high shear. This viscosity relates to the conditions encountered in mixing, pumping, knife coating, roller coating, and spraying processes.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of plastisol and organosol viscosity at high shear rates by means of an extrusion viscometer.1.2 Apparent viscosity at low shear rates is covered in Test Method D1824.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.1.4  This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 4575-2007 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车