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定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

Single Test Cord— Adhesive treating of cords singly or adhesive treating individual ends simultaneously (referred to as “multi-cord treating” as opposed to “fabric treating”) and winding the cords as single ends is the most common laboratory method of preparing reinforcement materials for evaluation in reinforced rubber articles such as tires, belts, and hoses. This system of adhesive treating facilitates the study of a large number of adhesion variables at minimum cost. This test method provides a good comparison of variables on adhesion because it produces both an average numerical value of peel force over several linear centimetres of cord and provides convenient specimens for assessing appearance (see 11.3) of the peeled area as well. It may be used for purchase specification requirements for adhesive treated cords, steel tire cord, adhesives, rubber compounds, or manufacturing control of such products. Preparation of weftless fabric from single cord is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of tire cord fabric because single cords of long length cannot be conveniently obtained from fabric for drumwinding. See 5.2.2. This test method is usually not preferred for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of adhesive treated cord, such as single end cord for hose. The more usual and convenient method for acceptance testing of such single cords is to prepare from a shipment a test piece or article in the same manner as the commercial article to be produced and to test cord-adhesion characteristics in this piece in a manner that compares its adhesion characteristics against a previously established, acceptable control. “H” and“ U” tests (Test Methods ) provide convenient and rapid adhesion results for acceptance testing of textile cords if needed. For steel cord, Test Method D2229 provides convenient and rapid adhesion results. Using Woven Fabric—The woven fabric method of 4.2-4.4 is often chosen for rapid adhesion testing of textile woven fabric being adhesive treated in large volume. Fabric is tested “as is” and, through experience, constitutes a valuable process control tool. The same basic test can be conveniently executed by the receiving customer for process control purposes by sampling rubberized fabric from that to be processed into finished rubber articles. This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of adhesive treated fabric, but duplicate numerical values for peel force and appearance are not to be expected between two testing locations. Rubber compound differences are only one of many parameters affecting peel force and appearance. Nevertheless, the expected range of values which characterize acceptable adhesion can be determined in any cord-rubber combination with experience. For this reason, the buyer normally establishes a minimum level of adhesion to be obtained by the seller in the seller's laboratory using either the seller's standard rubber compound or the buyer's rubber compound on the fabric made to the buyer's specification. In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4393 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical help is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing began. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the determination of peel adhesion of reinforcing fabrics that are bonded to rubber compounds. It is applicable to either woven or parallel cord textile structures from both natural and manmade fibers and to parallel steel cord structures. 1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords and tire cord fabrics, including steel tire cords, using a suitable tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate tire cord adhesives (fabric dip), metallic (usually brass) coatings on steel cord, and the process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent form of tire cord or fabric and one consistent rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords and fabrics in industrial hose and belting products and other cord or fabric reinforced rubber products. 1.3 Variables that may contribute to differences in results of this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords or reinforcing fabrics, rubber type, rubber cure, rubber thickness, and cord spacing. 1.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to rubber embedment. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This PDF includes GI #2. 1. Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to the following products rated at 600 V and less, and designed to be used in nonhazardous locations in accordance with the Rules of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I: (a) cord sets and

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元

5.1 The procedures in these test methods should be used with caution for acceptance of commercial shipments owing to the absence of factual information on the between-laboratory precision of many of the test procedures included in these test methods. It is recommended that any program of acceptance testing be preceded by an interlaboratory check in the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier on replicate specimens of the materials to be tested for each property (or properties) to be evaluated.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The significance and use of particular properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrial filament yarns made wholly of manufactured organic-base fibers, cords twisted from such yarns, fabrics woven from such cords, and products that are made specifically for use in the manufacture of pneumatic tires. They may be applied to similar yarns and cords used for reinforcing other rubber goods and for other industrial applications. The test methods apply to nylon, polyester, and rayon yarns and tire cords twisted from such yarns and to fabrics made from such cords. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams; may be woven into fabric; or may be in some other form. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.1.2 No procedure is included for the determination of fatigue resistance of cord, but several commonly used procedures for the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords in rubber were published in the appendix of these test methods in the 1967 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 24, and in earlier issues of Test Methods D885.1.3 The sections on “Growth of Conditioned Yarns and Cords,” “Properties of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temperature,” and “Properties of Wet Yarns and Cords” have been moved to Appendix X1 – Appendix X3 as non-mandatory informational items because of their very limited use by the industry and because precision and bias statements are not included.1.4 This standard includes the following sections:  SectionAdhesion of Cord to Elastomers 34Bibliography of Tire Cord Test Methods X5Breaking Strength (Force) of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Tempera- ture X2.3Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 16Breaking Strength (Force) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 23Breaking Strength (Force) of Rayon Yarns and Cords at Specified Moisture Regain Level, Adjustment of 17Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 18Breaking Tenacity of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 24Breaking Toughness of Yarns and Cords 28Commercial Mass 9Conditioning 7Contraction of Wet Yarns and Cords X3Count of Tire Cord Fabric 37Dip (Adhesive) Solids Pickup on Yarns and Cords 33Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 19Elongation at Break of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 25Elongation of Rayon Yarns and Cords at a Specified Moisture Regain Level, Adjustment of Observed 20Extractable Matter in Yarns and Cords 32Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 21Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 26Growth of Conditioned Yarns and Cords X1Identification of Fibers 8Keywords 40Linear Density 11Mass of per Unit Area of Tire Cord Fabric 36Modulus of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 22Moisture Regain, Actual 10Precision and Bias of Certain Yarn and Cord Tests 39  35 toProperties of Tire Cord Fabric 38Sampling 6Shrinkage Force of Conditioned Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temper- ature  X2.5Shrinkage of Conditioned Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temperature X2.4, General 5, Tensile Properties 14SI Calculations (examples for work-to-break, specific work-to-break, and breaking toughness)  X4Stiffness of Fabric 38  12 toTensile Properties of Yarns and Cords 28Terminology 3Thickness of Cords 31Twist in Yarns and Cords 30Width of Tire Cord Fabric 35Work-to-Break of Yarns and Cords 271.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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定价： 910元 / 折扣价： 774 元

5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of steel tire cord because current estimates of between-laboratory precision for single materials are considered acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significances between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogenous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The mold described in this test method is primarily designed for quality acceptance testing for steel cord where the sample size for each cord is 4 or a multiple thereof, but any mold/cavity combination which will provide the required test block dimensions (Figs. 1 and 2) is acceptable.FIG. 1 Definition of Test Block DimensionsTOLERANCES  All dimensions ±0.2  Angular ±2°  Except where notedNote 1—All dimensions in millimetres except where noted.Note 2—Material—Mild steel.Note 3—Mold should be coated permanently with a polytetrafluoro-ethylene, such as Teflon®, or preferably, with a stainless steel reinforced polytetrafluoro-ethylene with a polyamid binder, such as Excalibur®.4Note 4—Dimensions with “*” may be altered to accommodate test grips.FIG. 2 Four-Cavity Steel Cord Adhesion Mold5.3 Appendix X1 contains suggested ranges of environmental conditions for aging tests.5.4 The property measured by this test method indicates whether the adhesion of the steel cord to the rubber is greater than the cohesion of the rubber, that is, complete rubber coverage of the steel cord, or less than the cohesion of the rubber, that is, lack of rubber coverage.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to pull a steel cord from a block of vulcanized rubber.1.2 Although designed primarily for steel cord, this test method may be applied with modifications to wire used in rubber products.1.3 This test method can also be used for evaluating rubber compound performance with respect to adhesion to steel cord.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Test Method D4776 for the determination of the H-test adhesion of reinforcing cords to rubber compounds may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of reinforcing cords but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.5.1.1 In cases of dispute arising from the differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4776 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.5.2 This test method is used to measure the force required to extract the cord from a rubber compound test block.5.3 This test method is designed to test the adhesion of textiles that are bonded to rubber compounds. Variables that may contribute to differences in results of this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords, rubber type, rubber cure, and rubber thickness.5.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to embedment.5.4 The expected range of values which characterize acceptable adhesion can be determined in any cord-rubber combination with experience. For this reason, the purchaser normally establishes a minimum level of adhesion to be obtained by the supplier in either the supplier's laboratory or the purchaser's laboratory using either the supplier's standard rubber compound or the purchaser's rubber compound.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of adhesion of reinforcing cords that are bonded to rubber compounds. This test method is applicable to textile cord structures from both natural and manmade fibers, other than steel. For adhesion testing of steel tire cords, refer to Test Method D2229.1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords, using a suitable tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test method is also used to evaluate (1) tire cord adhesives, and (2) the process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent form of tire cord and one consistent rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords in industrial hose and belting products and other cord reinforced rubber products.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The procedures in Test Methods D2969 for the determination of the properties of steel tire cord and related materials are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of such products because the procedures are the best available and have been used extensively in the trade. When a purchaser frequently uses a specific supplier, it is recommended that the two parties investigate the methods to determine if there is any bias between their two laboratories as directed in 5.1.1.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.5.2 The significance and use of particular properties are discussed in the appropriate sections.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cords made from steel that are specifically designed for use in the reinforcement of pneumatic tires. By agreement, these test methods may be used to test similar cords or filaments used for reinforcing other rubber products. The steel cords may be wound on spools or beams. The steel cords may also be woven into fabric, in which case they must be removed from the fabric prior to testing.Note 1—For other methods of testing tire cords and tire cord fabrics, refer to Methods D885, Test Methods D1871, Specifications D122, and Test Methods D2692 and D2970/D2970M. For tolerances on tire cords and tire cord fabrics, refer to Specifications D122 and Methods D885.1.2 These test methods include test procedures only; they do not establish specifications or tolerances.1.3 This test method includes the following sections:Subject SectionAdhesion of Steel Cords and Filaments to Elastomers 16Brass Coating Composition and Mass 14, 15Breaking Force (Strength) 10Construction 12Data Form for Reporting Test Results Appendix X1Elongation at Break 10Elongation Between Defined Forces (EDF) 11Flare 8Lay 12Linear Density 9Visual Appearance 8Nomenclature System Annex A1Residual Torsions 8Straightness 8Thickness and Out-of-Roundness 131.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 14.3 and Note 11.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

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5.1 The procedures in these test methods may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution is advised because technicians may fail to get good agreement between results on certain yarns, cords, or fabrics. Comparative tests as directed in Section 5.1.1 may be advisable.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The significance and use of particular properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specific test methods.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrial yarns made of glass filaments, cords twisted from such yarns, and fabric woven from such cords—products that are made specifically for use in the manufacture of pneumatic tires. By agreement, these test methods may be applied to similar glass yarns and cords used for reinforcing other rubber goods and for other industrial applications. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams, woven into fabric, or in other forms. These test methods include testing procedures only. These test methods do not include specifications or tolerances.1.2 No procedure is included for the determination of fatigue resistance of cords, but several articles relating to the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords made from man-made filaments and cured in rubber were published in the bibliography of Test Methods D885.1.3 The following sections are included:  SectionAdhesion of Cords to Elastomers 24Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 13Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 14Catenary Length of Cords Appendix X1Conditioning 8Construction of Yarns and Cords 18Count of Tire Cord Fabric 22Dip Pick-Up (DPU) on Yarns and Cords 23Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 15Initial Modulus of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 16Keywords 28Mass of Tire Cord Fabric 22Precision and Bias 25 – 27Sampling of Yarn and Cord 6Sampling of Tire Cord Fabric 7Tensile Properties of Yarns and Cords 9 – 17Terminology 3Thickness of Cords 21Twist in Yarns and Cords 20Width of Tire Cord Fabric 22Yarn Number of Dipped Yarns and Cords 191.4 These test methods show the values in both SI units and in inch-pound units. “SI units” is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. “Inch-pound units” is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other without combining values in any way.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrial yarns made of glass filaments, cords twisted from such yarns, and fabric woven from such cords-products that are made specifically for use in the manufacture of pneumatic tires. By agreement, these test methods may be applied to similar glass yarns and cords used for reinforcing other rubber goods and for other industrial applications. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams, woven into fabric, or in other forms. These test methods include specifications or tolerances.1.2 No procedure is included for the determination of fatigue resistance of cords, but several articles relating to the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords made from man-made filaments and cured in rubber were published in the bibliography of Test Methods D 885.1.3 The following sections are included: Adhesion of Cords to Elastomers (24); Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords (13); Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords (14); Catenary Length of Cords (Appendix X1); Conditioning (8); Construction of Yarns and Cords (18); Count of Tire Cord Fabric (22); Dip Pick-Up (DPU) on Yarns and Cords (23); Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords (15); Initial Modulus of Conditioned Yarns and Cords (16); Keywords (28); Mass of Tire Cord Fabric (22); Precision and Bias (25-27); Sampling of Yarn and Cord (6); Sampling of Tire Cord Fabric (7); Tensile Properties of Yarns and Cords (9-17); Terminology (3); Thickness of Cords (21); Twist in Yarns and Cords (20); Width of Tire Cord Fabric (22); Yarn Number of Dipped Yarns and Cords (19).1.4 These test methods show the values in both SI units and in inch-pound units. "SI units" is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. "Inch-pound units" is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values state in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other without combining values in any way.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments in the absence of reliable information on between-laboratory precision.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two laboratories (or more), a comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from a material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the determination of fatigue of tire cords in rubber due to compression or extension, or both, using a disc fatigue tester. The fatigue is measured as a loss in strength.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 455元 / 折扣价： 387 元

Preface This is the common ANCE, CSA, and UL standard for flexible cords and cables. It is the third edition of NMX-J-436-ANCE, the twelfth edition of CSA C22.2 No. 49, and the seventeenth edition of UL 62. This edition of CSA C22.2 No. 49 superse

定价： 1866元 / 折扣价： 1587 元